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Milani D, Knuckey NW, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Meloni BP. The R18 Polyarginine Peptide Is More Effective Than the TAT-NR2B9c (NA-1) Peptide When Administered 60 Minutes after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat. Stroke Res Treat 2016; 2016:2372710. [PMID: 27247825 PMCID: PMC4877491 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2372710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the dose responsiveness of polyarginine R18 (100, 300, and 1000 nmol/kg) when administered 60 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The TAT-NR2B9c peptide, which is known to be neuroprotective in rodent and nonhuman primate stroke models, served as a positive control. At 24 hours after MCAO, there was reduced total infarct volume in R18 treated animals at all doses, but this reduction only reached statistical significance at doses of 100 and 1000 nmol/kg. The TAT-NR2B9c peptide reduced infarct volume at doses of 300 and 1000 nmol/kg, but not to a statistically significant extent, while the 100 nmol/kg dose was ineffective. The reduction in infarct volume with R18 and TAT-NR2B9c peptide treatments was mirrored by improvements in one or more functional outcomes (namely, neurological score, adhesive tape removal, and rota-rod), but not to a statistically significant extent. These findings further confirm the neuroprotective properties of polyarginine peptides and for R18 extend its therapeutic time window and dose range, as well as demonstrating its greater efficacy compared to TAT-NR2B9c in a severe stroke model. The superior neuroprotective efficacy of R18 over TAT-NR2B9c highlights the potential of this polyarginine peptide as a lead candidate for studies in human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Milani
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - N. W. Knuckey
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - R. S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J. L. Cross
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - B. P. Meloni
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Smith TO, Chester R, Hunt N, Cross JL, Clark A, Donell ST. The Norwich Patellar Instability Score: Validity, internal consistency and responsiveness for people conservatively-managed following first-time patellar dislocation. Knee 2016; 23:256-60. [PMID: 26794922 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper assessed the validity, internal consistency, responsiveness and floor-ceiling effects of the Norwich Patellar Instability (NPI) Score for a cohort of conservatively managed people following first-time patellar dislocation (FTPD). METHODS Fifty patients were recruited, providing 130 completed datasets over 12 months. The NPI Score, Lysholm Knee Score, Tegner Level of Activity Score and isometric knee extension strength were assessed at baseline, six weeks, six and 12 months post-injury. RESULTS There was high convergent validity with a statistically significant correlation between the NPI Score and the Lysholm Knee Score (p<0.001), Tegner Level of Activity Score (p<0.001) and isometric knee extension strength (p<0.002). Principal component analysis revealed that the NPI Score demonstrated good concurrent validity with four components account for 70.4% of the variability. Whilst the NPI Score demonstrated a flooring-effect for 13 of the 19 items, no ceiling effect was reported. There was high internal consistency with a Cronbach Alpha value of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.93). The NPI Score was responsive to change over the 12 months period with an effect size of 1.04 from baseline to 12 months post-injury. CONCLUSIONS The NPI Score is a valid tool to assess patellar instability symptoms in people conservatively managed following FTPD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Smith
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - R Chester
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - N Hunt
- Physiotherapy Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom
| | - J L Cross
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - S T Donell
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom
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Smith TO, Chester R, Hunt N, Cross JL, Clark A, Donell ST. The Norwich Patellar Instability score: Validity, internal consistency and responsiveness. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2015. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2015.22.sup8.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cross JL, Iben J, Simpson CL, Thurm A, Swedo S, Tierney E, Bailey-Wilson JE, Biesecker LG, Porter FD, Wassif CA. Determination of the allelic frequency in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome by analysis of massively parallel sequencing data sets. Clin Genet 2014; 87:570-5. [PMID: 24813812 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Data from massively parallel sequencing or 'Next Generation Sequencing' of the human exome has reached a critical mass in both public and private databases, in that these collections now allow researchers to critically evaluate population genetics in a manner that was not feasible a decade ago. The ability to determine pathogenic allele frequencies by evaluation of the full coding sequences and not merely a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or series of SNPs will lead to more accurate estimations of incidence. For demonstrative purposes, we analyzed the causative gene for the disorder Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) gene and determined both the carrier frequency for DHCR7 mutations, and predicted an expected incidence of the disorder. Estimations of the incidence of SLOS have ranged widely from 1:10,000 to 1:70,000 while the carrier frequency has been reported as high as 1 in 30. Using four exome data sets with a total of 17,836 chromosomes, we ascertained a carrier frequency of pathogenic DHRC7 mutations of 1.01%, and predict a SLOS disease incidence of 1/39,215 conceptions. This approach highlights yet another valuable aspect of the exome sequencing databases, to inform clinical and health policy decisions related to genetic counseling, prenatal testing and newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Cross
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
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Cross JL, Meloni BP, Bakker AJ, Lee S, Knuckey NW. Modes of Neuronal Calcium Entry and Homeostasis following Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke Res Treat 2010; 2010:316862. [PMID: 21052549 PMCID: PMC2968719 DOI: 10.4061/2010/316862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major instigators leading to neuronal cell death and brain damage following cerebral ischemia is calcium dysregulation. The neuron's inability to maintain calcium homeostasis is believed to be a result of increased calcium influx and impaired calcium extrusion across the plasma membrane. The need to better understand the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of calcium dysregulation contributing to neuronal loss following stroke/cerebral ischemia is essential for the development of new treatments in order to reduce ischemic brain injury. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise overview of the various calcium influx pathways in response to ischemia and how neuronal cells attempts to overcome this calcium overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Cross
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
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Tydeman DE, Cross JL. Respiratory Physiotherapy Manual Techniques. Physiotherapy 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Power DM, Cross JL, Antoun NM, Edwards D. Helical computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction of a bipedicular developmental anomaly of the C2 vertebra. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1999; 24:984-6. [PMID: 10332789 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199905150-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case of bilateral failure of fusion of the C2 neural arch resembling a bipedicular fracture in a 9-year-old boy involved in a motor vehicle accident. OBJECTIVES To describe the use of helical computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction images to identify the defect as congenital. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Congenital defects in the C2 neural arch are rare. Diagnostic difficulties arise when they are discovered during the assessment of patients after trauma, when they may resemble C2 arch fractures. METHODS Lateral cervical spine radiograph, transverse section computed tomography, and three-dimensional reconstruction images were used to delineate the anatomy of the defect. RESULTS The three-dimensional reconstruction views showed that normal alignment of the vertebrae was maintained, despite the pedicle defects. CONCLUSIONS Differentiation of a C2 fracture from a congenital defect may be difficult. Reconstruction in three dimensions from helical computed tomography is a useful adjunct to conventional computed tomography in the evaluation of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Power
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
We conducted a case-control study to determine whether job strain (or stress) during pregnancy resulted in an increased risk of preeclampsia. We compared 110 nulliparous Caucasian and African-American women who had preeclampsia with 115 healthy nulliparous controls. All subjects gave birth between 1984 and 1987 in Chapel Hill, NC. Occupation was ascertained during a telephone interview. We assigned each job title a strain (or stress) score in accordance with the occupational database developed by Karasek. Overall, 54 (49%) of the control women worked during pregnancy, 14 in high-stress jobs. Logistic regression analysis indicated a 3.1-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-7.8] increased risk of preeclampsia for women employed in high-stress jobs (high psychological demand, low decision latitude) and an odds ratio of 2.0 (95% CI = 1.0-4.3) for low-stress jobs compared with nonworking women, while simultaneously adjusting for age, race, family history of preeclampsia, history of hypertension in the subject's mother, gravidity, smoking during pregnancy, timing of the first prenatal visit, and type of birth control used by the couple before the pregnancy. Furthermore, working women had 2.3 times the risk of developing preeclampsia (95% CI = 1.2-4.6) compared with nonworking women. Work-related psychosocial strain increased the risk of preeclampsia in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Klonoff-Cohen
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0607, USA
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Rau J, Cross JL, Hofherr LK, Peddecord KM, Benenson AS, Garfein RS, Francis DP. Physician satisfaction with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis B virus testing in San Diego County. Med Care 1996; 34:1-10. [PMID: 8551808 DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199601000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Physician satisfaction with the laboratory testing process is one indicator of the physician's perception of the quality of laboratory testing and the effectiveness of the communication of the laboratory results. This study compares the level of satisfaction of physicians reporting their experience with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) testing with the satisfaction levels of those physicians reporting their experience with hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing. By mail, 6,570 licensed San Diego County physicians were surveyed. Among those who tested for HIV-1 or HBV, their satisfaction with four different HIV-1 or HBV testing parameters was assessed: 1) specimen submission process, 2) test accuracy, 3) clarity of test report, and 4) turnaround time. Overall, physician satisfaction with both HIV-1 and HBV testing was high, particularly for test accuracy (means of 2.79 and 2.84, respectively on a 3-point scale), although slightly lower for turnaround time (means of 2.40 and 2.43, respectively). Mean satisfaction with the specimen submission process and test accuracy were higher for physicians who ordered HBV tests than for those who ordered HIV-1 tests. Satisfaction with the four HIV-1 testing process parameters varied significantly by physician specialty, practice type, and type of laboratory used. For HBV testing, significant differences were observed only for turnaround time. For both HIV-1 and HBV testing, those who received a final interpretation of laboratory results were more satisfied with test report clarity than those who did not. Although physician satisfaction with HIV-1 and HBV testing is high, this study identifies the least satisfied groups and specific areas in the testing process than may need improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rau
- Laboratory Assurance Program, Graduate School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, CA 92182-4162, USA
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Hofherr LK, Peddecord KM, Benenson AS, Garfein RS, Francis DP, Cross JL, Rau J, Hewitt DJ. Physician experience with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or hepatitis B virus testing in San Diego county: methods for a census survey. Clin Lab Sci 1993; 6:102-9. [PMID: 10148588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L K Hofherr
- Graduate School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, California 92182
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Peddecord KM, Hofherr LK, Benenson AS, Garfein RS, Francis DP, Cross JL, Rau J. Use of a physician survey to identify opportunities for quality improvement. Clin Lab Sci 1993; 6:110-5. [PMID: 10171658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Peddecord
- Graduate School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, California 92182
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