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Hayes A, Nguyen D, Andersson M, Antón A, Bailly J, Beard S, Benschop KSM, Berginc N, Blomqvist S, Cunningham E, Davis D, Dembinski JL, Diedrich S, Dudman SG, Dyrdak R, Eltringham GJA, Gonzales‐Goggia S, Gunson R, Howson‐Wells HC, Jääskeläinen AJ, López‐Labrador FX, Maier M, Majumdar M, Midgley S, Mirand A, Morley U, Nordbø SA, Oikarinen S, Osman H, Papa A, Pellegrinelli L, Piralla A, Rabella N, Richter J, Smith M, Söderlund Strand A, Templeton K, Vipond B, Vuorinen T, Williams C, Wollants E, Zakikhany K, Fischer TK, Harvala H, Simmonds P. A European multicentre evaluation of detection and typing methods for human enteroviruses and parechoviruses using RNA transcripts. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1065-1074. [PMID: 31883139 PMCID: PMC7496258 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection has become the gold standard for diagnosis and typing of enterovirus (EV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) infections. Its effectiveness depends critically on using the appropriate sample types and high assay sensitivity as viral loads in cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and sepsis clinical presentation can be extremely low. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of currently used commercial and in-house diagnostic and typing assays. Accurately quantified RNA transcript controls were distributed to 27 diagnostic and 12 reference laboratories in 17 European countries for blinded testing. Transcripts represented the four human EV species (EV-A71, echovirus 30, coxsackie A virus 21, and EV-D68), HPeV3, and specificity controls. Reported results from 48 in-house and 15 commercial assays showed 98% detection frequencies of high copy (1000 RNA copies/5 µL) transcripts. In-house assays showed significantly greater detection frequencies of the low copy (10 copies/5 µL) EV and HPeV transcripts (81% and 86%, respectively) compared with commercial assays (56%, 50%; P = 7 × 10-5 ). EV-specific PCRs showed low cross-reactivity with human rhinovirus C (3 of 42 tests) and infrequent positivity in the negative control (2 of 63 tests). Most or all high copy EV and HPeV controls were successfully typed (88%, 100%) by reference laboratories, but showed reduced effectiveness for low copy controls (41%, 67%). Stabilized RNA transcripts provide an effective, logistically simple and inexpensive reagent for evaluation of diagnostic assay performance. The study provides reassurance of the performance of the many in-house assay formats used across Europe. However, it identified often substantially reduced sensitivities of commercial assays often used as point-of-care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hayes
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - D. Nguyen
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. Andersson
- Microbiology Laboratory, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - A. Antón
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology DepartmentHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'HebronBarcelonaSpain
| | - J.‐L. Bailly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, LMGE UMR CNRS, UFR MédecineClermont‐FerrandFrance
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, National Reference Center for EV and Parechovirus‐Associated LaboratoryClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - S. Beard
- Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference DepartmentNational Infection Service, Public Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - K. S. M. Benschop
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - N. Berginc
- Department for Public Health VirologyNational Laboratory of Health, Environment and FoodLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - S. Blomqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, MannerheimintieHelsinkiFinland
| | - E. Cunningham
- Viapath Infection Sciences, St. Thomas' HospitalLondonUK
| | - D. Davis
- Microbiology, Virology and infection Prevention & ControlGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - J. L. Dembinski
- Department of VirologyNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - S. Diedrich
- National Reference Center for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - S. G. Dudman
- Department of MicrobiologyOslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Inst. Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - R. Dyrdak
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - G. J. A. Eltringham
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Microbiology, Freeman HospitalNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - S. Gonzales‐Goggia
- Public Health England Poliovirus Reference Laboratory, National Infection Service, Public Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - R. Gunson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology CentreGlasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - H. C. Howson‐Wells
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Clinical Microbiology, Queens Medical CentreNottinghamUK
| | - A. J. Jääskeläinen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Virology and ImmunologyHelsinkiFinland
| | - F. X. López‐Labrador
- Virology Laboratory, Joint Units in Genomics and Health and Infection and Health, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO‐Public Health)/Universitat de València, Av. CatalunyaValènciaSpain
- CIBEResp, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - M. Maier
- Institute of VirologyLeipzig University HospitalLeipzigGermany
| | - M. Majumdar
- The National Institute for Biological Standards and ControlHertfordshireUK
| | - S. Midgley
- Department of Virus and Special Microbiological DiagnosticsVirus Surveillance and Research Section, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - A. Mirand
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Laboratoire de Virologie—Centre National de Référence des Entérovirus et Parechovirus, Laboratoire Associé—Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - U. Morley
- UCD National Virus Reference LaboratoryUniversity College Dublin, BelfieldDublinIreland
| | - S. A. Nordbø
- Department of Medical MicrobiologySt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - S. Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - H. Osman
- Public Health England Birmingham Public Health Laboratory, Heartlands HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - A. Papa
- Department of MicrobiologyMedical School, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - L. Pellegrinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - A. Piralla
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology DepartmentFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - N. Rabella
- Virology Section, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - J. Richter
- Department of Molecular VirologyCyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosiaCyprus
| | - M. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- King's College Hospital, Bessemer Wing, Denmark HillLondonUK
| | - A. Söderlund Strand
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical MicrobiologyLund University Hospital, SölvegatanLundSweden
| | - K. Templeton
- Edinburgh Specialist Virology, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - B. Vipond
- Public Health England, South West Regional Laboratory, Pathology Sciences Building, Science QuarterSouthmead HospitalBristolUK
| | - T. Vuorinen
- Clinical MicrobiologyTurku University Hospital and Institute of Biomedicine University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - E. Wollants
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, REGA Institute, Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - K. Zakikhany
- Katherina Zakikhany‐Gilg, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of MicrobiologyUnit of Laboratory Surveillance of Viral Pathogens and Vaccine Preventable DiseasesStockholmSweden
| | - T. K. Fischer
- CIBEResp, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of Virus and Special Microbiological DiagnosticsVirus Surveillance and Research Section, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - H. Harvala
- NHS Blood and Transplant, ColindaleLondonUK
| | - P. Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Dembinski JL, Spaeth EL, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Studeny M, Andreeff M, Marini FC. Reduction of nontarget infection and systemic toxicity by targeted delivery of conditionally replicating viruses transported in mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 17:289-97. [PMID: 19876078 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The fiber-modified adenoviral vector Delta-24-RGD (D24RGD) offers vast therapeutic potential. Direct injection of D24RGD has been used to successfully target ovarian tumors in mice. However, systemic toxicity, especially in the liver, profoundly limits the efficacy of direct viral vector delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the ability to function as a vector for targeted gene therapy because of their preferential engraftment into solid tumors and participation in tumor stroma formation. We show that MSC-guided delivery of D24RGD is specific and efficient and reduces the overall systemic toxicity in mice to negligible levels compared with D24RGD alone. In our model, we found efficient targeted delivery of MSC-D24RGD to both breast and ovarian cell lines. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining for adenoviral hexon protein confirmed negligible levels of systemic toxicity in mice that were administered MSC-D24RGD compared with those that were administered D24RGD. These data suggest that delivery of D24RGD through MSC not only increases the targeted delivery efficiency, but also reduces the systemic exposure of the virus, thereby reducing overall systemic toxicity to the host and ultimately enhancing its value as an anti-tumor therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Dembinski
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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