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Reyes-Batlle M, Rodríguez-Talavera I, Sifaoui I, Rodríguez-Expósito RL, Rocha-Cabrera P, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. In vitro amoebicidal effects of arabinogalactan-based ophthalmic solution. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 16:9-16. [PMID: 33895610 PMCID: PMC8099451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The main corneal infections reported worldwide are caused by bacteria and viruses but, recently, the number of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) cases has increased. Acanthamoeba genus is an opportunistic free living protozoa widely distributed in environmental and clinical sources, with two life-cycle stages: the trophozoite and the cyst. AK presents as primary symptoms eye redness, epithelial defects, photophobia and intense pain. An early diagnosis and an effective treatment are crucial to avoid blindness or eye removal but, so far, there is no established treatment to this corneal infection. Diverse research studies have reported the efficacy of commercialized eye drops and ophthalmic solutions against the two life cycle stages of Acanthamoeba strains, that usually present preservatives such as Propylene Glycol of Benzalkonium chloride (BAK). These compounds present toxic effects in corneal cells, favouring the inflammatory response in the so sensitive eye tissue. In the present work we have evaluated the efficacy of nine proprietary ophthalmic solutions with and without preservatives (ASDA Dry Eyes Eyedrops, Miren®, ODM5®, Ectodol®, Systane® Complete, Ocudox®, Matrix Ocular®, Alins® and Coqun®) against the two life cycle stages of three Acanthamoeba strains. Our work has demonstrated the high anti-Acanthamoeba activity of Matrix Ocular®, which induces the programmed cell death mechanisms in Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites. The high efficacy and the absence of ocular toxic effects of Matrix Ocular®, evidences the use of the Arabinogalactan derivatives as a new source of anti-AK compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain.
| | - I Rodríguez-Talavera
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Área de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - I Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - R L Rodríguez-Expósito
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Rocha-Cabrera
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Área de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J E Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain.
| | - J Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain.
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Wagner C, Vethencourt Ysea MA, Galindo MV, Guzmán de Rondón C, Nessi Paduani AJ, Reyes-Batlle M, López-Arencibia A, Sifaoui I, Pérez De Galindo MV, Martínez-Carretero E, Valladares B, Maciver SK, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Isolation of Naegleria fowleri from a domestic water tank associated with a fatal encephalitis in a 4 month-old Venezuelan child. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:332-337. [PMID: 33593013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the association of household water system contamination with the pathogenic Free-Living Amoeba (FLA) Naegleria fowleri and a case of fatal Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) in a child from the state of Monagas in Venezuela. Amoebae were initially identified by microscopy from a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the child. Direct DNA extraction and specific PCR/sequencing for N. fowleri was also carried out from the same CSF sample. In order to determine a possible environmental source of infection, water samples from the water tank of the child's home and also water bodies recently visited by the child and his family, were examined for the presence of N. fowleri by culture and PCR/sequencing. The results obtained from the collected water samples revealed that only the water tank of the house was positive for N. fowleri. PCR/sequencing showed that the strains isolated from the patient and the water tanks were 100 % identical. Therefore, the house water tank was confirmed as the source of infection in this case, possibly as a result of the occasional immersion of the child´s head under the water while bathing. This case highlights a novel source of thermally polluted water and another threat of N. fowleri infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wagner
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Laboratorio de Amibiasis-Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M A Vethencourt Ysea
- Laboratorio de Amibiasis-Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M V Galindo
- Laboratorio de Amibiasis-Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - C Guzmán de Rondón
- Laboratorio de Amibiasis-Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - A J Nessi Paduani
- Laboratorio de Amibiasis-Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M Reyes-Batlle
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A López-Arencibia
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - I Sifaoui
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - M V Pérez De Galindo
- Laboratorio de Amibiasis-Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - E Martínez-Carretero
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - B Valladares
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - S K Maciver
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - J E Piñero
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J Lorenzo-Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Dodangeh S, Niyyati M, Kamalinejad M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Haghighi A, Azargashb E. The amoebicidal activity of Ziziphus vulgaris extract and its fractions on pathogenic Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:127-136. [PMID: 33592990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba genus includes pathogenic species which are causal agents of a severe sight-threatening infection of the eye known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Furthermore, the number of AK is worryingly increasing worldwide, mostly in contact lens users. Until present, there is a general failure to reach a fully effective treatment against AK which is mainly due to the amoebic double-walled cyst stage which forms a protective barrier against drugs. Therefore, drug discovery research towards AK treatment is a must. In this study, Ziziphus vulgaris, a native plant of Asian countries, was checked for its activity against Acanthamoeba. For this purpose and in order to determine the in vitro amoebicidal effects of Ziziphus vulgaris aqueous extract and its fractions (chloroformic, remaining aqueous and primary alcoholic) against Acanthmoeba trophozoites and cysts, activity and sensitivity assays were performed. Moreover, the toxic effect of the extract and its fractions was also tested on murine peritoneal macrophages using a colorimetric tetrazolium salt (MTT) test. The obtained results showed that the chloroformic fraction presented a higher anti-Acanthamoeba activity when compared to the other fractions (Trophozoites/cysts were eliminated, when incubated in a concentration of 50 mg/ml of the fraction, after 24 hours). The calculated active concentrations against Acanthamoeba of these extracts did not shown any high cytotoxicity levels.This study suggests that the Ziziphus vulgaris chloroformic fraction, may present compounds with relevance for the development of novel antiAcanthamoeba drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dodangeh
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Niyyati
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Lorenzo-Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Haghighi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Azargashb
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Niyyati M, Saberi R, Lorenzo-Morales J, Salehi R. High occurrence of potentially-pathogenic free-living amoebae in tap water and recreational water sources in South-West Iran. Trop Biomed 2016; 33:95-101. [PMID: 33579146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic free living amoebae in drinking and recreational water sources in south-western Iran. From 75 collected water samples, 40 samples (53.3%) were positive for free living amoebae identified using morphological tools. Interestingly, all recreational waters in Ilam city included in the present study were positive for Acanthamoeba, Vahlkampfidae and Vermamoeba. Thirty percent of tap water samples in Ahvaz city were also positive for potentially pathogenic Free Living Amoebae. Moreover, the three genera identified in the present study have been previously reported as keratitis causative agents in Iran. The present research highlights the need to improve filtration methods for tap waters and to establish awareness in recreational water sources in Iran, in order to prevent Free Living Amoebae related infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of potentially pathogenic free living amoebae including Acanthamoebae, Vermamoebae and Vahlkampfiids in the South-West of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niyyati
- 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Saberi
- 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Lorenzo-Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda Astrofísico Francisco Sanchez s/n, Campus de Anchieta, 38271 La Laguna Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - R Salehi
- 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abreu-Acosta N, Quispe MA, Foronda-Rodríguez P, Alcoba-Florez J, Lorenzo-Morales J, Ortega-Rivas A, Valladares B. Cryptosporidium in patients with diarrhoea, on Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008; 101:539-45. [PMID: 17716438 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x193798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Abreu-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales, Avenida Astrofísico Francico Sánchez s/n, La Laguna 38203, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. nabreu@@ull.es
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Lorenzo-Morales J, Lindo JF, Martinez E, Calder D, Figueruelo E, Valladares B, Ortega-Rivas A. Pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains from water sources in Jamaica, West Indies. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006; 99:751-8. [PMID: 16297288 DOI: 10.1179/136485905x65215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2004, samples of tap water and of river and sea water associated with human activities were collected in Jamaica, West Indies, and checked for free-living Acanthamoeba. The morphologies of the cysts and trophozoites observed and the results of PCR-based amplifications with a genus-specific primer pair were used to identify the Acanthamoeba isolates. The potential of each isolate as a human pathogen was then evaluated using thermotolerance and osmotolerance assays and two PCR-based assays for Acanthamoeba pathogenesis. Acanthamoeba were identified in 36.1%, 26.4% and 49.6% of the tap-, river- and sea-water samples collected, respectively. Pathogenic potential was shown by 60.0% of the Acanthamoeba strains isolated from tap water, 68.4% of the strains from river water, and 40.4% of the seawater strains. Sequencing of ribosomal DNA revealed the T1, T2, T4, T5, T7, T9 and T11 genotypes. Isolates of the T4 genotype were collected from tap, rain and sea water and, as expected, exhibited the most pathogenic traits; most were osmotolerant, thermotolerant and expressing extracellular serine protease. This is the first study of the occurrence and distribution of Acanthamoeba in water in the West Indies, and the results confirm the presence of potentially pathogenic strains in Jamaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38203, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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Ortega-Rivas A, Lorenzo-Morales J, Martínez E, Villa M, Clavel A, Valladares B, del Castillo A. A specific primer pair for the diagnosis and identification of Acanthamoeba astronyxis by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction. J Parasitol 2005; 91:122-6. [PMID: 15856884 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a useful tool for species identification. The obtained band patterns can be used for specific primer pair design that is useful for species identification. In this study, a distinctive 485-bp band in Acanthamoeba astronyxis band patterns was found, using the OPC20 primer (ACTTCGCCAC). The band specificity was confirmed by hybridization, using it as a probe, against all OPC20 amplifications from different Acanthamoeba species. Once the fragment was sequenced, we used it to design a specific primer pair that was useful for the identification of different isolates as A. astronyxis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ortega-Rivas
- Faculty of Farmacy, Department of Parasitology, University of La Laguna. Avda. Francisco Sánchez s/n, La Laguna CP 38271, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Foronda P, Valladares B, Lorenzo-Morales J, Ribas A, Feliu C, Casanova JC. Helminths of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Macaronesia. J Parasitol 2003; 89:952-7. [PMID: 14627142 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred and four rabbits from 8 Macaronesian islands (Pico, San Jorge, San Miguel, Terceira, and Flores from Azores Archipelago; Tenerife and Alegranza from Canary Islands; and Madeira from Madeira Archipelago) were examined for helminth parasites between 1995 and 2000. Three species of cestodes, Taenia pisiformis (larvae), Andrya cuniculi, and Mosgovoyia ctenoides, and 5 species of nematodes, Trichuris leporis, Graphidium strigosum, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Passalurus ambiguus, and Dermatoxys hispaniensis, were identified. Only 3 species (M. ctenoides, T. retortaeformis, and P. ambiguus) were regularly distributed over the 3 archipelagos. Taenia pisiformis was not collected in Madeira, nor was A. cuniculi in the Azores and G. strigosum in the Canary Islands. Trichuris leporis and D. hispaniensis were only found in Madeira. Significant differences in the general prevalence of the nematodes G. strigosum and T. retortaeformis were detected between Azores and Madeira. The prevalence of T. retortaeformis differs significantly between the Azores and the Canaries and that of P. ambiguus was higher in Madeira than in Azores and Canaries. The helminth richness found in the wild rabbit in these Macaronesian archipelagos was very low compared with the Palearctic helminth fauna of this host. The wild rabbit was introduced from the Iberian Peninsula into different Macaronesian islands. Helminths introduced with Oryctolagus cuniculus into these islands also are commonly found in Iberian wild rabbits, which are excellent colonizers, as demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Foronda
- Department of Parasitology, Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of La Laguna, 38203, Canary Islands, Spain.
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