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Machado MPR, Gama LA, Beckmann APS, Hauschildt AT, Dall'Agnol DJR, Miranda JRA, Corá LA, Américo MF. Paternal obesity and its transgenerational effects on gastrointestinal function in male rat offspring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11116. [PMID: 34076145 PMCID: PMC8186378 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between obesity and gastrointestinal (GI) motility is contradictory, and the transgenerational influence on this parameter is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the GI function in a model of paternal obesity and two subsequent generations of their male offspring. Newborn male rats were treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and composed the F1 generation, while control rats (CONT) received saline. At 90 days, male F1 were mated with non-obese females to obtain male offspring (F2), which later mated with non-obese females for obtaining male offspring of F3 generation. Lee Index analysis was adopted to set up the obesity groups. Alternating current biosusceptometry (ACB) technique was employed to calculate GI transit parameters: mean gastric emptying time (MGET), mean cecum arrival time (MCAT), mean small intestinal transit time (MSITT), and gastric frequency and amplitude of contractions. Glucose, insulin, and leptin levels and duodenal morphometry were measured. F1 obese rats showed a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions, while obese rats from the F2 generation showed accelerated MGET and delayed MCAT and MSITT. Glucose and leptin levels were increased in F1 and F2 generations. Insulin levels decreased in F1, F2, and F3 generations. Duodenal morphometry was altered in all three generations. Obesity may have paternal transgenerational transmission, and it provoked disturbances in the gastrointestinal function of three generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P R Machado
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L A Gama
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - A P S Beckmann
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - A T Hauschildt
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D J R Dall'Agnol
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas, Engenharia e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, MT, Brasil
| | - J R A Miranda
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L A Corá
- Núcleo de Ciências Biológicas, NUCIB, Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas (UNCISAL), Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M F Américo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
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Alves AFF, Alvarez M, Ribeiro SM, Duarte SB, Miranda JRA, Pina DR. Association between subjective evaluation and physical parameters for radiographic images optimization. Phys Med 2015; 32:123-32. [PMID: 26573131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to optimize computed radiographic techniques to image the skull, chest, and pelvis of a standard patient. METHODS Optimization was performed by varying exposure levels with different tube voltages to generate images of an anthropomorphic phantom. Image quality was evaluated using visual grading analysis and measuring objective parameters such as the effective detective quantum efficiency and the contrast-to-noise ratio. Objective and subjective evaluations were compared to obtain an optimized technique for each anatomic region. RESULTS Gold standard techniques provided a significant reduction in X-ray doses compared to the techniques used in our radiology service, without compromising diagnostic accuracy. They were chosen as follows 102 kVp/1.6 mAs for skull; 81 kVp/4.5 mAs for pelvis and 90 kVp/3.2 mAs for chest. CONCLUSION There is a range of acceptable techniques that produce adequate images for diagnosis in computed radiography systems. This aspect allows the optimization process to be focused on the patient dose without compromising diagnostic capabilities. This process should be performed through association of quantitative and qualitative parameters, such as effective detective quantum efficiency, contrast-to-noise ratio, and visual grading analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F F Alves
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
| | - M Alvarez
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
| | - S M Ribeiro
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Diagnostic Imaging, Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
| | - S B Duarte
- Brazilian Center of Physics Research - CBPF-MCT, Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-180, Brazil.
| | - J R A Miranda
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
| | - D R Pina
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Diagnostic Imaging, Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Junior S/N, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
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Calabresi MFF, Quini CC, Matos JF, Moretto GM, Americo MF, Graça JRV, Santos AA, Oliveira RB, Pina DR, Miranda JRA. Alternate current biosusceptometry for the assessment of gastric motility after proximal gastrectomy in rats: a feasibility study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1613-20. [PMID: 26303680 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study proposes an experimental model to assess the consequences of gastric surgeries on gastric motility. We investigated the effects of proximal gastrectomy (PG) using a non-invasive technique (alternate current biosusceptometry [ACB]) on gastric contractility (GC), gastric emptying (GE), and orocecal transit (OCT) after the ingestion of liquids and solids in rats. METHODS Twenty-four male rats were subjected to gastric motility assessment before and after the PG procedure. The GE and OCT results are expressed as the mean time of gastric emptying (MGET) and cecum arrival (MCAT). The GC recordings are presented as the frequency and amplitude of contractions. KEY RESULTS Mean time of gastric emptying after solid meals were significantly different (p < 0.001) between control and PG (113 ± 5 to 99 ± 6 min). Mean time of cecum arrival ranged from 265 ± 9 to 223 ± 11 min (p < 0.001) and 164 ± 9 to 136 ± 17 min (p < 0.050) for solid and liquid meals, respectively. The assessment of GC showed that surgery decreased the phasic frequency (4.4 ± 0.4 to 3.0 ± 1.1 cpm, p < 0.050) and increased the amplitude of contractions (3.6 ± 2.7 to 7.2 ± 3.0 V/s, p < 0.050). No significant difference was found in tonic frequency. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The ACB system was able to assess GE, OCT, and GC in gastrectomized rats. Overall, PG accelerated GE and gastrointestinal transit, likely due to the increase in both intragastric pressure and amplitude contraction. Our data presented an efficient model to investigate functional consequences from gastric surgeries that will allow further studies involving different procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F F Calabresi
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Quini
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J F Matos
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G M Moretto
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Americo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UFMT-Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - J R V Graça
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Sobral, UFC-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, UFC-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R B Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP-Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D R Pina
- Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J R A Miranda
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alvarez M, Pina DR, Miranda JRA, Duarte SB. Application of wavelets to the evaluation of phantom images for mammography quality control. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:7177-90. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/7177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Américo MF, Marques RG, Zandoná EA, Andreis U, Stelzer M, Corá LA, Oliveira RB, Miranda JRA. Validation of ACB in vitro and in vivo as a biomagnetic method for measuring stomach contraction. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:1340-4, e374. [PMID: 20874731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to validate a biomagnetic method (alternate current biosusceptometry, ACB) for monitoring gastric wall contractions in rats. METHODS In vitro data were obtained to establish the relationship between ACB and the strain-gauge (SG) signal amplitude. In vivo experiments were performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats with SG and magnetic markers previously implanted under the gastric serosa or after ingestion of magnetic material. Gastric motility was quantified from the tracing amplitudes and frequency profiles obtained by Fast Fourier Transform. KEY RESULTS The correlation between in vitro signal amplitudes was strong (R = 0.989). The temporal cross-correlation coefficient between the ACB and SG signal amplitude was higher (P < 0.0001) in the postprandial (88.3 ± 9.1 V) than in the fasting state (31.0 ± 16.9 V). Irregular signal profiles, low contraction amplitudes, and smaller signal-to-noise ratios explained the poor correlation between techniques for fasting-state recordings. When a magnetic material was ingested, there was also strong correlation in the frequency and signal amplitude and a small phase-difference between the techniques. The contraction frequencies using ACB were 0.068 ± 0.007 Hz (postprandial) and 0.058 ± 0.007 Hz (fasting) (P < 0.002) and those using SG were 0.066 ± 0.006 Hz (postprandial) and 0.059 ± 0.008 Hz (fasting) (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In summary, ACB is reliable for monitoring gastric wall contractions using both implanted and ingested magnetic materials, and may serve as an accurate and sensitive technique for gastrointestinal motility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Américo
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Américo MF, Oliveira RB, Romeiro FG, Baffa O, Corá LA, Miranda JRA. Scintigraphic validation of AC Biosusceptometry to study the gastric motor activity and the intragastric distribution of food in humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007; 19:804-11. [PMID: 17883432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal intragastric distribution of food (IDF) and a phasic contractility in the proximal stomach have been related to dyspeptic symptoms. Thus, the behaviour of the stomach and the proximal region, in particular, continues to attract attention and demand for reliable and comfortable techniques. The aims of this study were to employ AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) and scintigraphy to evaluate IDF and gastric motor activity in humans. Fifteen healthy volunteers ingested 60 mL of yogurt containing 2 mCi of 99mTc and 4 g of ferrite. Each volunteer had gastric motility and IDF evaluated twice on separate days; on one occasion by ACB and another by scintigraphy. Digital signal processing was performed in MatLab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results were expressed as mean +/- SD. Similar results of distal accumulation time (P < 0.001) were obtained for scintigraphy (6.93 +/- 3.25 min) and for ACB (7.04 +/- 3.65 min). Fast Fourier Transform revealed two dominant frequencies (P > 0.9). Besides the well-know frequency of 3 cpm, our results showed identical frequencies in proximal stomach recordings (P < 0.001) for scintigraphic (1.01 +/- 0.01 cpm) and ACB (0.98 +/- 0.06 cpm). In summary, our data showed that scintigraphy and ACB are promising techniques to evaluate several aspects of gastric motility. Moreover, ACB is non-invasive, radiation-free and deserves the same importance as conventional methods for this kind of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Américo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Motility patterns play a major role in human colonic functions; however, its physiological significance is poorly understood. Several studies have been introducing the Alternating Current Biosusceptometry (ACB) as a valuable tool in gastroenterology and pharmaceutical research. Using gold standard techniques, great effort has been made to validate ACB as a method for measuring gastrointestinal motility in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate caecocolonic motility and its response to a meal in healthy volunteers. The results showed a dominant frequency of 3.17 +/- 0.13 cycles per minute (mean +/- SD) that remained unchanged even after a standardized meal (P > 0.01). The colonic response to a meal was recorded as a considerable increase in amplitude, reflected by motility index (P < 0.01) and was observed for all the volunteers. The caecocolonic motility could be assessed by the ACB providing new insights into physiological patterns of motility. Moreover, the method is non-invasive, radiation-free, cost-effective and independent of bowel preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Romeiro
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, FMB, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Corá LA, Andreis U, Romeiro FG, Américo MF, Oliveira RB, Baffa O, Miranda JRA. Magnetic images of the disintegration process of tablets in the human stomach by ac biosusceptometry. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50:5523-34. [PMID: 16306649 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/50/23/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of solid dosage forms is usually preferred in drug therapy. Conventional imaging methods are essential tools to investigate the in vivo performance of these formulations. The non-invasive technique of ac biosusceptometry has been introduced as an alternative in studies focusing on gastrointestinal motility and, more recently, to evaluate the behaviour of magnetic tablets in vivo. The aim of this work was to employ a multisensor ac biosusceptometer system to obtain magnetic images of disintegration of tablets in vitro and in the human stomach. The results showed that the transition between the magnetic marker and the magnetic tracer characterized the onset of disintegration (t(50)) and occurred in a short time interval (1.1 +/- 0.4 min). The multisensor ac biosusceptometer was reliable to monitor and analyse the in vivo performance of magnetic tablets showing accuracy to quantify disintegration through the magnetic images and to characterize the profile of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Corá
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, IBB, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Corá LA, Romeiro FG, Stelzer M, Américo MF, Oliveira RB, Baffa O, Miranda JRA. AC biosusceptometry in the study of drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57:1223-41. [PMID: 15935871 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2005.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally, pharmaceutical substances are administered orally because the gastrointestinal tract possesses the appropriate features for drug absorption. Nevertheless, the gastrointestinal tract physiology is complex and influenced by many factors. These factors must be completely understood for the optimization of oral drug delivery systems. Although in vitro tests provide information about release and drug absorption profiles, in vivo studies are essential, due to the biological variability. Several techniques have been employed in an attempt to conveniently characterize the behavior of solid dosage forms in vivo. The noninvasive biomagnetic technique of alternate current biosusceptometry (ACB) has been used in studies focusing on gastrointestinal motility and, more recently, to evaluate the performance of magnetic dosage forms. This article will discuss the main characteristics of AC biosusceptometry and its applicability for determination of the relationship between the human gastrointestinal tract and orally administered pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Corá
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu-SP, Laboratório de Biomagnetismo, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, CXP 510, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moraes R, Corá LA, Américo MF, Oliveira RB, Baffa O, Miranda JRA. Measurement of gastric contraction activity in dogs by means of AC biosusceptometry. Physiol Meas 2003; 24:337-45. [PMID: 12812419 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/24/2/309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical nature of gastric contraction activity (GCA) plays an important role in gastrointestinal motility. The aim of this study was to detect GCA in anaesthetized dogs, using simultaneously the techniques of AC biosusceptometry (ACB) and manometry, analysing the characteristics of frequency and amplitude (motility index) of GCA, modified by drugs such as prostigmine and N-butyl-scopolamine. The ACB method is based on a differential transformer of magnetic flux and the magnetic tracer works as a changeable external nucleus. This magnetic tracer causes a modification in the magnetic flux, which is detected by the coils. The results obtained from the ACB showed a performance comparable to the manometry in measuring the modifications in the frequency and amplitude of the GCA. We concluded that this ACB technique, non-invasive and free of ionizing radiation, is an option for evaluating GCA and can be employed in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moraes
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Laboratory of Biomag, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Unesp, PO Box 510, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil.
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