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Griffin M, Perico N, Cockwell P, Maxwell P, Rubis N, Casiraghi F, Villa A, Ruggenenti P, Cappelletti L, McInerney V, Duffy A, Finnerty A, Smythe J, Pedrini O, Golay J, Introna M, Steeneveld E, Roelofs H, Fibbe W, Elliman S, Remuzzi G, O’Brien T. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: INTERIM REPORT FROM THE NEPHSTROM MULTI-CENTRE, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PHASE-1B CLINICAL TRIAL OF A NOVEL MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELL THERAPY IN PROGRESSIVE DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roelofs H, Steeneveld E, Pedrini O, Golay J, Duffy A, McInerney V, Finnerty A, Davey G, Asbagh LA, Krawczyk J, Perico N, Cockwell P, Griffin M, Maxwell P, Rubis N, Casiraghi F, Ruggenenti P, Smythe J, Murray H, Fibbe W, Introna M, Elliman S, Remuzzi G, O’Brien T. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: A NOVEL, MULTI-SITE GMP PROTOCOL TO MANUFACTURE PROSPECTIVELY-ISOLATED, ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW MSCS FOR A PHASE 1B CLINICAL TRIAL IN PROGRESSIVE DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chaix M, Akinrinade O, Yao R, Lafreniere-Roula M, Van der Laan R, Tran G, Sung W, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Altamirano Diaz L, Mondal T, Lougheed J, Smythe J, Gordon E, Bergin L, Oechslin E, van Arsdell G, Manlhiot C, Scherer S, Bezzina C, Mital S. GENOMIC ARCHITECTURE OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT AND GENOMIC PREDICTORS OF ADVERSE RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELLING. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Smythe J, Mathew G. Persistent postpartum fluid leak following an inadvertent spinal catheterisation. Int J Obstet Anesth 2013; 23:93-4. [PMID: 23993804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Smythe
- Anaesthetic Department University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK.
| | - G Mathew
- Anaesthetic Department University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK
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Rosskopf K, Ragg SJ, Worel N, Grommé M, Preijers FWMB, Braakman E, Schuurhuis GJ, van Riet I, Wendel S, Fontão-Wendel R, Lazar A, Goldman M, Halpenny M, Giulivi A, Letcher B, McGann L, Korhonen M, Arvola A, Humpe A, Buwitt-Beckmann U, Wiesneth M, Schauwecker P, Schrezenmeier H, Bönig H, Henschler R, Seifried E, Accorsi P, Bonfini T, Takanashi M, van Beckhoven JM, Brand A, Gounder D, Wong A, Dooccey R, Forrest E, Galea G, Smythe J, Pawson R, Reems JA, Oh J, Reesink HW, Panzer S. Quality controls of cryopreserved haematopoietic progenitor cells (peripheral blood, cord blood, bone marrow). Vox Sang 2011; 101:255-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shah H, Smythe J, Hanafiah Z, Williams G, Holdcroft A. Factors in the choice of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate dose for adult burns dressings. Burns 2009; 35:798-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Nathan PD, Judson I, Padhani A, Harris A, Carden CP, Smythe J, Collins D, Leach M, Walicke P, Rustin GJ. A phase I study of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) and bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fox A, Gal S, Fisher N, Smythe J, Wainscoat J, Tyler MPH, Watt SM, Harris AL. Quantification of circulating cell-free plasma DNA and endothelial gene RNA in patients with burns and relation to acute thermal injury. Burns 2008; 34:809-16. [PMID: 18243564 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major burn represents a multi-system insult to the human body. Despite improvements in mortality and morbidity, reliable predictors of outcome are lacking. Raised levels of cell-free nucleic acids have been detected in various pathological processes including burns. We quantified circulating nucleic acids as potential objective measures of burn severity with predictive and prognostic value. METHODS Expression of endothelial specific cell-free mRNA and cell-free DNA were measured in plasma of 19 burn patients at days 1-3 and week 10 following acute thermal injury and in 19 healthy controls by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Expression of endothelial specific mRNA was higher in burn patients compared to controls (p<0.001). DNA levels were significantly higher in the burn population in the first 48 h following injury. Plasma RNA and DNA levels related to %TBSA burn in the first 24h and to the levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS We show that plasma levels of endothelial specific mRNA and DNA are elevated acutely following burns, and relate to severity in terms of %TBSA burnt.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fox
- Stem cells and Immunotherapies Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant Service, Oxford, UK
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Fox A, Smythe J, Fisher N, Tyler MPH, McGrouther DA, Watt SM, Harris AL. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells into the circulation in burned patients. Br J Surg 2008; 95:244-51. [PMID: 17702088 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been detected in the peripheral blood of patients following thermal injury. EPCs migrate to sites of active neovascularization in response to mediators released after trauma, contributing to wound healing. The aim was to characterize levels and kinetics of EPCs in burned patients, then relate these to key mobilizing factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL 12), and compare them with those in healthy subjects. METHODS The study included 19 adult patients with superficial or full-thickness burns and 50 blood donor volunteer controls. EPCs, identified by cell surface markers CD45(dim/-), CD133+, CD144+ and VEGF receptor 2, were quantified by four-colour flow cytometry. Plasma VEGF and CXCL12 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Burned patients showed a rapid rise in EPC levels within 24 h, a ninefold increase compared with controls, returning to basal levels by 72 h. Body surface area burned correlated strongly with the degree of mobilization. EPC levels correlated significantly with rises in plasma VEGF and CXCL12. CONCLUSION Thermal injury induced a rapid rise in EPCs that was proportional to the extent of the burn and significantly correlated with levels of angiogenic cytokines. Such cytokines may be used to stimulate EPCs as a future therapeutic target in burned patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fox
- Stem Cells and Immunotherapies, National Blood Service, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
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Cubitt J, Smythe J, O'Gara G, Farquhar-Smith P. 6022 POSTER Examination of risk factors for mortality of patients with haematological malignancies admitted to intensive care. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Barwell J, Pangon L, Hodgson S, Georgiou A, Kesterton I, Slade T, Taylor M, Payne SJ, Brinkman H, Smythe J, Sebire NJ, Solomon E, Docherty Z, Camplejohn R, Homfray T, Morris JR. Biallelic mutation of MSH2 in primary human cells is associated with sensitivity to irradiation and altered RAD51 foci kinetics. J Med Genet 2007; 44:516-20. [PMID: 17483304 PMCID: PMC2597924 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.048660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of differential mutagen sensitivity conferred by a defect in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway are inconsistent in their conclusions. Previous studies have investigated cells established from immortalised human colorectal tumour lines or cells from animal models. METHODS We examined primary human MSH2-deficient neonatal cells, bearing a biallelic truncating mutation in MSH2, for viability and chromosomal damage after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. RESULTS MSH2-deficient cells exhibit no response to interstrand DNA cross-linking agents but do show reduced viability in response to irradiation. They also show increased chromosome damage and exhibit altered RAD51 foci kinetics after irradiation exposure, indicating defective homologous recombinational repair. DISCUSSION The cellular features and sensitivity of MSH2-deficient primary human cells are broadly in agreement with observations of primary murine cells lacking the same gene. The data therefore support the view that the murine model recapitulates early features of MMR deficiency in humans, and implies that the variable data reported for MMR-deficient immortalised human cells may be due to further genetic or epigenetic lesions. We suggest caution in the use of radiotherapy for treatment of malignancies in individuals with functional loss of MSH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barwell
- Department of Genetics, St. George's Medical School, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK.
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Smythe J, Armitage S, McDonald D, Pamphilon D, Green A, Guttridge M, Navarette C, Warwick RM, Brown C, Briggs D, Lankester A, Contreras M, Watt SM. P65 National Blood Service Directed Sibling Cord Blood Banking for Transplantation. Transfus Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_65.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Smythe J, Yolton RL, Leroy A, Achong R, Caroline P, Van Nurden M, Yolton D. Use of teleoptometry to evaluate acceptability of rigid gas-permeable contact lens fits. Optometry 2001; 72:13-8. [PMID: 11217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teleoptometry involves the transmission of digitized optometric information from a remote site for analysis by an expert. This project assessed computer compression of video data showing contact lens fitting relationships and the transmission of these data to a specialist for evaluation METHODS Fifty-five sets of video clips showing dynamic fluorescein patterns of rigid gas-permeable lens fits, topographic corneal maps, and basic information on lens parameters were evaluated-live and again after digitization and electronic compression-by a contact lens specialist. The evaluator was asked to determine whether lens fit was acceptable and, if not, how the lens parameters should be changed. RESULTS Comparison of lens evaluations made live versus compressed showed agreement on fit acceptability for approximately 80% of the subject/lens combinations. When the evaluator concluded for both presentations that the lens was unacceptable, the same change in lens parameters was recommended 67% of the time. DISCUSSION Agreement for the majority of live and compressed video observations suggests that teleoptometric consultation on contact lens fitting is feasible. When technology advances to the point at which large files can be sent quickly via the Internet, it is likely the practice of transmitting video clips and other information to obtain fitting assistance will become commonplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smythe
- Pacific University, College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon 97116, USA
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Bennett ES, Smythe J, Henry VA, Bassi CJ, Morgan BW, Miller W, Jeandervin M, Henderson B, Elliott L, Porter KS, Barr JT. Effect of topical anesthetic use on initial patient satisfaction and overall success with rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci 1998; 75:800-5. [PMID: 9848833 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-199811000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses have numerous benefits; however, RGP lens use is not increasing in the United States. An important factor for this trend has been initial comfort. Studies have demonstrated that how RGPs are presented to patients, in addition to lens design, can play an important role in the initial comfort process. Another important factor could be the use of a topical anesthetic during the fitting and dispensing visits. The purpose of this study was to use a multicenter format to determine if topical anesthetic use increased the likelihood of patient satisfaction and success. METHODS A total of 80 subjects, with no previous rigid lens wear experience, was entered into this 1-month study, including 20 subjects from each of 4 institutions. Subjects were randomly divided into the following two groups: (A) anesthetic or (B) placebo, with the former group receiving one drop of a topical anesthetic before lens insertion at both the diagnostic fitting and dispensing visits, whereas the latter group received a placebo. Subjects completed a questionnaire on their perception of rigid lens wear both immediately before fitting and at the 1-month visit. After diagnostic fitting with rigid lenses, subjects completed an adaptation questionnaire after 15 min, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month of lens wear. RESULTS Seventy of the 80 subjects completed the study and, of the 10 subjects who discontinued, 8 were in the placebo group. In all categories evaluated, the anesthetic group experienced a more optimum adaptation experience at each visit vs. the placebo group. Specifically, overall comfort was rated significantly higher at both dispensing and 2 weeks. In addition, the anesthetic group exhibited significantly greater overall satisfaction with rigid lens wear at 2 and 4 weeks. Also, the anesthetic group perceived their adaptation, sensitivity, and adaptation time to be significantly better at the 1-month visit. There was no significant difference in corneal staining between these two groups at each visit, with the exception of a greater amount of staining in the central quadrant for the placebo group at the 1-month visit. CONCLUSIONS The use of a topical anesthetic at the fitting and dispensing visits for first-time wearers of RGP lenses resulted in significantly fewer dropouts, improved initial comfort, an enhanced perception of the adaptation process, and greater overall satisfaction after 1 month of lens wear as compared to the use of a nonanesthetizing placebo at those visits. This result, in combination with both presenting RGP lenses in a nonthreatening manner and optimizing the lens design and fitting relationship, should result in a positive adaptation process and successful wear of RGP contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Bennett
- University of Missouri-St. Louis School of Optometry, 63121-4499, USA
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King MJ, Kosanke J, Reid ME, Poole J, Banks J, Hemming NJ, Smythe J, Martin PG. Co-presence of a point mutation and a deletion of exon 3 in the glycophorin C gene and concomitant production of a Gerbich-related antibody. Transfusion 1997; 37:1027-34. [PMID: 9354820 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.371098016440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigens of the human blood group system Gerbich (Ge) are located on sialoglycoproteins glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD). CASE REPORT The Ge+ proposita (RW) produced an alloanti-Ge after receiving 2 units of red cells (RBCs) during surgery. Further studies were carried out to characterize the antibody specificity, RBC GPC and/or GPD (GPC/GPD), and the glycophorin C gene (GYPC) from RW and her compatible siblings. RW's serum contained an alloanti-Ge that did not react with RBCs from RW or four of her siblings or with RBCs with Ge-negative phenotypes. An eluate of RW's antibody reacted weakly with GPC in Western blotting. RW's RBCs were positive with 20 alloanti-Ge2, 1 autoanti-Ge2, 4 alloanti-Ge3, and 1 alloanti-Ge4. Titrations revealed weak expression of these antigens on her RBCs and those of her compatible siblings as compared with controls. In contrast, titrations of mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies specific for GPC/GPD showed no differences. Western blotting of RBC membranes using GPC/GPD specific monoclonal antibodies showed a broad diffuse band corresponding to GPC.Ge in addition to GPC and GPD. Blotting of membranes from trypsin-treated RBCs from these individuals revealed an increase of 1500 in M(r) of membrane-bound tryptic fragment over that in the membranes from typsin-treated RBCs from persons with normal GPC/GPD. In RT-PCR, two products were obtained for RW and her compatible siblings: one had a complete deletion of exon 3 and the other had a base change (A-->T) in nucleotide 173 in exon 3 (confirmed by genomic DNA sequencing of exon 3). This point mutation has resulted in the loss of restriction enzyme Tth111 I-sensitive site in the mutant GYPC. CONCLUSION The specificity of antibody in RW's serum was serologically anti-Ge2. Two genetic events occurred in exon 3 in GYPC of RW and her compatible siblings. The exon 3 deletion confirmed a Ge:-2,-3,4 haplotype. The abnormal tryptic fragment obtained was due to the (A173-->T) base change in exon 3 that resulted in Asp58-->Val in the deduced amino acid sequence at the membrane boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J King
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, Bristol, UK
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Wickramasinghe SN, Hasan R, Smythe J. Reduced interferon-alpha production by Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines and lectin-stimulated lymphocytes in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type I. Br J Haematol 1997; 98:295-8. [PMID: 9266923 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.1993016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in supernatants from cultures of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from seven patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) type I were below the 95% confidence limits for those derived from six healthy subjects. In contrast, the concentrations of IFN-alpha in supernatants from cultures of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from four patients with other types of CDA and four patients with hereditary sideroblastic anaemia were normal. Supernatants from cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen contained less IFN-alpha when the cells were derived from patients with CDA type I than when derived from healthy subjects. Since patients with CDA type I show a substantial haematological response to treatment with IFN-alpha, the data suggest that impaired IFN-alpha production may be an important pathogenetic mechanism in CDA type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Wickramasinghe
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's, London
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Sun LQ, Pyati J, Smythe J, Wang L, Macpherson J, Gerlach W, Symonds G. Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection conferred by transduction of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with ribozyme, antisense, or polymeric trans-activation response element constructs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:7272-6. [PMID: 7638180 PMCID: PMC41321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were transduced with a number of recombinant retroviruses including RRz2, an LNL6-based virus with a ribozyme targeted to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat gene transcript inserted within the 3' region of the neomycin-resistance gene; RASH5, and LNHL-based virus containing an antisense sequence to the 5' leader region of HIV-1 downstream of the human cytomegalovirus promoter; and R20TAR, an LXSN-based virus with 20 tandem copies of the HIV-1 trans-activation response element sequence driven by the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. After G418 selection, transduced PBLs were challenged with the HIV-1 laboratory strain IIIB and a primary clinical isolate of HIV-1, 82H. Results showed that PBLs from different donors could be transduced and that this conferred resistance to HIV-1 infection. For each of the constructs, a reduction of approximately 70% in p24 antigen level relative to the corresponding control-vector-transduced PBLs was observed. Molecular analyses showed constitutive expression of all the transduced genes from the retroviral long terminal repeat, but no detectable transcript was seen from the internal human cytomegalovirus transcript was seen from the internal human cytomegalovirus promoter for the antisense construct. Transduction of, and consequent transgene expression in, PBLs did not impact on the surface expression of either CD4+/CD8+ (measured by flow cytometry) or on cell doubling time (examined by [3H]thymidine uptake). These results indicate the potential utility of these anti-HIV-1 gene therapeutic agents and show the preclinical value of this PBL assay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Q Sun
- R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute-Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
The accuracy of the characteristic physical signs of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), that is, a systolic murmur, increased volume of pulses and increased praecordial activity, in diagnosing a haemodynamically significant PDA in ventilated premature infants was prospectively evaluated. Fifty-five ventilated preterm infants (birthweight < 1500 g) had daily echocardiographic and clinical evaluation for a PDA for the first 7 days of life. The examiners were blinded to each other's findings. Probability analysis was performed for the accuracy of each clinical sign in detecting a haemodynamically significant PDA as defined by echocardiographic criteria. Clinical signs were poor at detecting a significant PDA in the first 4 days of life. On day 1, none of the 10 infants with a significant PDA had a murmur. By day 4, clinical signs were better at detecting a significant PDA, but specificity remained poor with many false positive signs. Six infants had murmurs with a closed duct. The development of echocardiographic haemodynamic significance preceded the development of physical signs by a mean of 1.8 days. Significant ductal shunts often occurred silently, but the development of a murmur often marked an increase in the velocity of the flow through the duct rather than an increase in the size of a shunt. This study confirms that echocardiography is required for the reliable early diagnosis of a PDA in ventilated preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Skelton
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, King George V Hospital for Mothers and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Pickard JD, Walker V, Brandt L, Zygmunt S, Smythe J. Effect of intraventricular haemorrhage and rebleeding following subarachnoid haemorrhage on CSF eicosanoids. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1994; 129:152-7. [PMID: 7847156 DOI: 10.1007/bf01406495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CSF eicosanoid levels are raised following subarachnoid haemorrhage but not sufficiently to be vasoactive per se within the cerebral circulation. Rebleeding and intraventricular haemorrhage are two factors associated with a worse outcome after aneurysmal SAH. We have examined the effects of these two factors on the CSF levels of TXB2 (TXA2 metabolite), PG6-keto F1 alpha (prostacyclin metabolite), PGF2 alpha and PGE2 in 44 patients following subarachnoid haemorrhage. In 15 patients who had received no non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent or dexamethasone, intraventricular haemorrhage increased the median levels of all four eicosanoids in ventricular CSF by 2.1-5.1-fold. In 4 patients who rebled, the CSF median levels of all four eicosanoids were raised up to 250-fold over the normal range. These concentrations are just sufficient to have cerebrovascular and neuromodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Pickard
- Academic Neurosurgical Unit, University of Cambridge, U.K
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20
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Smythe J, Gardner B, Anstee DJ. Quantitation of the number of molecules of glycophorins C and D on normal red blood cells using radioiodinated Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies. Blood 1994; 83:1668-72. [PMID: 8123859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two rat monoclonal antibodies (BRAC 1 and BRAC 11) have been produced. BRAC 1 recognizes an epitope common to the human erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD). BRAC 11 is specific for GPC. Fab fragments of these antibodies and BRIC 10, a murine monoclonal anti-GPC, were radioiodinated and used in quantitative binding assays to measure the number of GPC and GPD molecules on normal erythrocytes. Fab fragments of BRAC 11 and BRIC 10 gave values of 143,000 molecules GPC per red blood cell (RBC). Fab fragments of BRAC 1 gave 225,000 molecules of GPC and GPD per RBC. These results indicate that GPC and GPD together are sufficiently abundant to provide membrane attachment sites for all of the protein 4.1 in normal RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smythe
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, Bristol, UK
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21
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Lori F, Lisziewicz J, Smythe J, Cara A, Bunnag TA, Curiel D, Gallo RC. Rapid protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication mediated by high efficiency non-retroviral delivery of genes interfering with HIV-1 tat and gag. Gene Ther 1994; 1:27-31. [PMID: 7584056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient transduction of inhibitory genes is a critical requirement in the development of a gene therapy strategy against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Commonly used systems based on retrovirus-mediated gene delivery are characterized by low efficiency gene transfer into the target cell. Genes were transduced in the absence of cell selection into 60-90% of human CD4+ cells by using a novel technique that allows high efficiency gene transfer mediated by adenoviruses coupled with DNA-polylysine complexes. Protection of these cells against HIV-1 acute infection was evaluated by transducing them with three different inhibitory genes which interfere with HIV-1 replication at separate levels (polymeric Tat activation response element [TAR] decoy, dominant-negative mutant of the gag gene and antisense sequences of the gag gene) and subsequent challenging with HIV-1. The polymeric TAR decoy inhibited HIV-1 replication over 95%. Both the dominant-negative mutant and the antisense sequence of the gag gene were less potent inhibitors than the polymeric-TAR decoy. Combinations of either polymeric-TAR with dominant-negative mutant or antisense of the gag gene synergistically enhanced the inhibitory effects of the single genes. These data suggest that the combination of a highly efficient transduction technique with effective HIV-1 inhibitory genes confers rapid protection against HIV-1 acute infection in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lori
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Meaney MJ, Bhatnagar S, Larocque S, McCormick C, Shanks N, Sharma S, Smythe J, Viau V, Plotsky PM. Individual differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response and the hypothalamic CRF system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 697:70-85. [PMID: 8257024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Meaney
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Lisziewicz J, Sun D, Smythe J, Lusso P, Lori F, Louie A, Markham P, Rossi J, Reitz M, Gallo RC. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by regulated expression of a polymeric Tat activation response RNA decoy as a strategy for gene therapy in AIDS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:8000-4. [PMID: 8367455 PMCID: PMC47275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.17.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We are investigating a strategy for somatic gene therapy to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by intracellular expression of an RNA decoy and a ribozyme. The RNA decoy, consisting of polymeric Tat activation response elements (TARs), is designed to compete for Tat binding in an equilibrium with viral TAR RNA, thereby inhibiting viral replication. The expression of polymeric TAR is regulated by the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and transcriptional activation is dependent on the presence of HIV Tat. Our initial studies indicated that plasmids expressing up to 50 tandem copies of TAR RNA (50TAR) inhibited tat-mediated gene expression by > 90% in a transient transfection assay. A HIV LTR-driven 50TAR construct was subcloned into a replication-defective retroviral vector to ensure high-efficiency gene transfer into T lymphocytes. In addition, a gag RNA-specific ribozyme gene was introduced into the 50TAR containing retroviral vector to enhance the inhibitory effect of the construct (designated TAR-Rib). A human T-cell line (Molt3) was infected (transduced) with the TAR-Rib recombinant retrovirus and challenged with either HIV-1 or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). HIV-1 replication was inhibited by 99% in the TAR-Rib-transduced T cells and was maintained over a 14-month period, suggesting that this antiviral strategy represses the formation of escape mutants. Interestingly, the TAR-Rib also inhibited SIV replication in transduced T cells, which suggests that polymeric TAR is a general inhibitor of primate lentiviruses; therefore, the macaque model could be used for further in vivo testing of this antiviral gene therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lisziewicz
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Meaney MJ, Bhatnagar S, Diorio J, Larocque S, Francis D, O'Donnell D, Shanks N, Sharma S, Smythe J, Viau V. Molecular basis for the development of individual differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1993; 13:321-47. [PMID: 8252606 DOI: 10.1007/bf00711576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. Several years ago, investigators described the effects of infantile handling on the development of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress in the rat. Rat pups exposed to brief periods of innocuous handling early in life showed reduced HPA responses to a wide variety of stressors, and the effect persists throughout the life of the animal. These effects are robust and provide an excellent model for understanding how early environmental stimuli, which are external to the organism, alter neural differentiation and, thus, neuroendocrine responsivity to stress. 2. This paper reviews the endocrine mechanisms affected by early handling and our current understanding of the neural transduction of environmental events and their effects at the level of the target neurons (in the hippocampus and frontal cortex). 3. In brief, handling serves to increase glucocorticoid receptor gene transcription, increasing sensitivity to glucocorticoid negative feedback regulation and, thus, altering the activity within hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor/vasopressin neurons. Together these changes serve to determine neuroendocrine responsivity to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Meaney
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
A study of the serologic activity and molecular structures of three spleen-derived mouse IgA monoclonal human blood group-specific supernatants was undertaken; this was part of an evaluation of these monoclonals as blood typing reagents. The monoclonal antibodies were eluted through a precalibrated size-exclusion column, and fractions were analyzed by immunoblotting, heavy and light chain-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and liquid- and solid-phase serologic tests. Results indicated that one of the supernatants (anti-A specificity) contained tetrameric and monomeric forms of IgA, while the other two (anti-A,B specificity) contained three higher polymeric forms (1000-4000 kDa) and one dimeric form. The tetrameric and polymeric forms showed red cell agglutinating activity, whereas the dimeric and monomeric forms did not. All forms contained heavy and light chains. The monomeric anti-A showed specific binding to appropriate red cells in a solid-phase assay, but the dimeric anti-A,B fractions did not. Purified fractions stored at 4 degrees C did not show any equilibration toward other forms, which indicated that the molecules are stable once secreted. The use of such antibodies as blood grouping reagents requires careful monitoring to ensure that high proportions of nonagglutinating molecular weight forms are not produced, as they could compromise the performance of the reagent by binding to red cell antigen in competition with the agglutinating forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Guest
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, South Western Regional Transfusion Centre, Bristol, UK
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Jacobson SJ, Jones K, Johnson K, Ceolin L, Kaur P, Sahn D, Donnenfeld AE, Rieder M, Santelli R, Smythe J. Prospective multicentre study of pregnancy outcome after lithium exposure during first trimester. Lancet 1992; 339:530-3. [PMID: 1346886 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lithium carbonate is an effective drug for prophylaxis and treatment of major affective disorders. In-utero exposure to lithium during the first trimester of pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of cardiac malformations, especially the rare Ebstein's anomaly. We prospectively recruited and followed 148 women (mean age 30 years, SD 5 range 15-40) using lithium during the first trimester of pregnancy, who consulted four teratogen information centres in the USA and Canada. Pregnancy outcome was compared with that of controls matched for maternal age. We had complete follow-up of pregnancy outcome in 138 of 148 patients recruited. In the other 10, fetal echocardiograms were available but postnatal follow-up was not done. Mean daily dose of lithium was 927 mg (SD 340). Rates of major congenital malformations did not differ between the lithium (2.8%) and control (2.4%) groups. 1 patient in the lithium group chose to terminate pregnancy after Ebstein's anomaly was detected by a prenatal echocardiogram. There was 1 ventricular septal defect in the controls. Birthweight was significantly higher in the lithium-exposed infants than in the controls despite identical gestational ages (3475 [660] g vs 3383 [566] g, p = 0.02). The true difference in birthweight might have been even larger, since significantly more women using lithium than controls were cigarette smokers (31.8% vs 15.5%, p = 0.002). These results indicate that lithium is not an important human teratogen. Women with major affective disorders who wish to have children may continue lithium therapy, provided that adequate screening tests, including level II ultrasound and fetal echocardiography, are done.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Smythe J. One nurse's courage. Interview by Charlotte Alderman. Nurs Stand 1990; 5:52-3. [PMID: 2124858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hancock RJ, Martin A, Laundy GJ, Smythe J, Roberts I, Cooke H, Pera S, Bowerman P, Bradley BA. Production of monoclonal human antibody to HLA-DR5 (DRw11) by mouse/human heterohybridomas. Hum Immunol 1988; 22:135-42. [PMID: 3262098 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(88)90043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the production of a human monoclonal antibody to the HLA-DR5 antigen. A human B-cell line secreting cytotoxic antibody that reacted preferentially with DR5-positive targets was fused to the mouse myeloma P3X63Ag8.653 and the resulting heterohybridomas cloned twice. The clones secreted human IgM (lambda light chain), which showed specificity for the DR5 antigen in cytotoxicity assays and reacted with DRw11-positive but not DRw12-positive targets. These results demonstrate the potential of this approach to the production of human monoclonal antibodies to transplantation antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hancock
- U.K. Transplant Service, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Anstee DJ, Parsons SF, Mallinson G, Spring FA, Judson PA, Smythe J. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins by serological analysis, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 1988; 31:317-32. [PMID: 3212312 DOI: 10.1016/s0338-4535(88)80118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Anstee
- Department of Immunochemistry, South Western Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Southmead, Bristol, U.K
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Pappas BA, Saari M, Smythe J, Murtha S, Stange K, Ings R. Forebrain norepinephrine and neurobehavioral plasticity: neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine eliminates enriched-impoverished experience effects on maze performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1987; 27:153-8. [PMID: 3112808 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(87)90489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Newborn male rats were depleted of forebrain norepinephrine (NE) by systemic 6-hydroxydopamine injection and then reared from 25 to 60 days under either isolated or enriched conditions. They were subsequently tested for acquisition of either the Lashley III maze or the Hebb-Williams maze problems. Isolated rearing impaired Lashley maze performance of the controls but not the 6-OHDA injected rats. Similarly, for the Hebb-Williams maze, the isolation-reared controls made more errors than their enriched-reared counterparts while no differences were observed between the isolated and enriched reared, 6-OHDA injected rats. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that forebrain NE is permissive to the deleterious behavioral consequences of restricted experience during maturation.
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Hancock RJ, Martin A, Stinchcombe V, Jones TJ, Smythe J, Laundy GJ, Bradley BA. In vitro production of anti-HLA-DR antibodies by human B-cell lines. Tissue Antigens 1986; 28:228-32. [PMID: 3492781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1986.tb00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human B-cell lines secreting antibodies which react preferentially with the HLA Class II antigen DR5 have been produced. Supernatants from these cell lines reacted with lymphocytes from all DR5 positive donors and a minority of DR6 positive donors but were negative on lymphocytes of other phenotypes. The cytotoxic activities of the supernatants apparently depend on IgM antibody. These results demonstrate the potential of B-cell lines for the in vitro production of antibodies to HLA-DR antigens.
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Smythe J. Backchat. Not today, thank you. Nurs Times 1985; 81:52. [PMID: 3847931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Smythe J. Perspectives of leadership and the needs of nursing. Aust Nurses J 1982; 11:46-8, 53. [PMID: 6917751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lubout J, Smythe J, Craft K, Moore J, Leslie A, Winch J. Health and medical care in China. Aust Nurses J 1978; 8:50-3. [PMID: 250423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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