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Royer C, Poulet F, Reess JM, Pilorget C, Hamm V, Fouchet T, Maurice S, Forni O, Bernardi P, Montmessin F, Lapauw L, Parisot J, Bonafous M, Gasnault O, Wiens RC. Pre-launch radiometric calibration of the infrared spectrometer onboard SuperCam for the Mars2020 rover. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:063105. [PMID: 32611063 DOI: 10.1063/1.5145390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy has become a well-known remote sensing technique for the surface characterization of planetary objects. Among them, Mars was observed in the past by three imaging spectrometers from orbit. The Infrared Spectrometer/SuperCam instrument performs near-infrared spectroscopy from the martian surface for the first time, with a 1.15 mrad field of view, in the 1.3 µm-2.6 µm range, enabling the identification of a variety of mafic and altered minerals. Before integration aboard the rover, the spectrometer underwent a calibration campaign. Here, we report the radiometric and linearity responses of the instrument, including the optical and thermal setups used to perform them over its nominal range of operations, in terms of instrument detector temperatures and spectral range. These responses were constrained by accuracy requirements (20% in absolute radiometry, 1% in relative). The derived instrument transfer function fits within these requirements (<15% in absolute and <0.8% in relative) and shall be used to calculate the expected instrumental signal-to-noise ratio for typical observation scenarios of mineral mixtures expected to be found in the Jezero crater, and ultimately to retrieve the spectral properties of the regions of interest observed by the rover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Royer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Poulet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J-M Reess
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - C Pilorget
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Hamm
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T Fouchet
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - S Maurice
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, UMR 5277, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - O Forni
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, UMR 5277, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - P Bernardi
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - F Montmessin
- LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
| | - L Lapauw
- LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
| | - J Parisot
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - M Bonafous
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - O Gasnault
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, UMR 5277, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - R C Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Capaccioni F, Coradini A, Filacchione G, Erard S, Arnold G, Drossart P, De Sanctis MC, Bockelee-Morvan D, Capria MT, Tosi F, Leyrat C, Schmitt B, Quirico E, Cerroni P, Mennella V, Raponi A, Ciarniello M, McCord T, Moroz L, Palomba E, Ammannito E, Barucci MA, Bellucci G, Benkhoff J, Bibring JP, Blanco A, Blecka M, Carlson R, Carsenty U, Colangeli L, Combes M, Combi M, Crovisier J, Encrenaz T, Federico C, Fink U, Fonti S, Ip WH, Irwin P, Jaumann R, Kuehrt E, Langevin Y, Magni G, Mottola S, Orofino V, Palumbo P, Piccioni G, Schade U, Taylor F, Tiphene D, Tozzi GP, Beck P, Biver N, Bonal L, Combe JP, Despan D, Flamini E, Fornasier S, Frigeri A, Grassi D, Gudipati M, Longobardo A, Markus K, Merlin F, Orosei R, Rinaldi G, Stephan K, Cartacci M, Cicchetti A, Giuppi S, Hello Y, Henry F, Jacquinod S, Noschese R, Peter G, Politi R, Reess JM, Semery A. Cometary science. The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta. Science 2015; 347:aaa0628. [PMID: 25613895 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument on board the Rosetta spacecraft has provided evidence of carbon-bearing compounds on the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The very low reflectance of the nucleus (normal albedo of 0.060 ± 0.003 at 0.55 micrometers), the spectral slopes in visible and infrared ranges (5 to 25 and 1.5 to 5% kÅ(-1)), and the broad absorption feature in the 2.9-to-3.6-micrometer range present across the entire illuminated surface are compatible with opaque minerals associated with nonvolatile organic macromolecular materials: a complex mixture of various types of carbon-hydrogen and/or oxygen-hydrogen chemical groups, with little contribution of nitrogen-hydrogen groups. In active areas, the changes in spectral slope and absorption feature width may suggest small amounts of water-ice. However, no ice-rich patches are observed, indicating a generally dehydrated nature for the surface currently illuminated by the Sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capaccioni
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy.
| | - A Coradini
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - G Filacchione
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - S Erard
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - G Arnold
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - P Drossart
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - M C De Sanctis
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - D Bockelee-Morvan
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - M T Capria
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - F Tosi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - C Leyrat
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - B Schmitt
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - E Quirico
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - P Cerroni
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - V Mennella
- Osservatorio di Capodimonte, INAF, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Raponi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - M Ciarniello
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - T McCord
- Bear Fight Institute, Winthrop, WA 98862, USA
| | - L Moroz
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - E Palomba
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - E Ammannito
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M A Barucci
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - G Bellucci
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - J Benkhoff
- European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J P Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - A Blanco
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Italy
| | - M Blecka
- Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Carlson
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - U Carsenty
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - L Colangeli
- European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - M Combes
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - M Combi
- Space Physics Research Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J Crovisier
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - T Encrenaz
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | | | - U Fink
- Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - S Fonti
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Italy
| | - W H Ip
- National Central University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P Irwin
- Departement of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - R Jaumann
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany. Free University of Berlin, Institute of Geosciences, Malteserstraße 74-100, Building Haus A, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Kuehrt
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - G Magni
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - S Mottola
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - V Orofino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Italy
| | - P Palumbo
- Università "Parthenope," Napoli, Italy
| | - G Piccioni
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - U Schade
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Taylor
- Departement of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - D Tiphene
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - G P Tozzi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Firenze, Italy
| | - P Beck
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - N Biver
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - L Bonal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - J-Ph Combe
- Bear Fight Institute, Winthrop, WA 98862, USA
| | - D Despan
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - E Flamini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - S Fornasier
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - A Frigeri
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - D Grassi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - M Gudipati
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - A Longobardo
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - K Markus
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - F Merlin
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - R Orosei
- Istituto di Radioastronomia, INAF, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Rinaldi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - K Stephan
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Cartacci
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - A Cicchetti
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - S Giuppi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - Y Hello
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - F Henry
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - S Jacquinod
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - R Noschese
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - G Peter
- Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme, DLR, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Politi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Rome, Italy
| | - J M Reess
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
| | - A Semery
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris/CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie[acute accent over last letter in "Université"]/Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France
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