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Port M, Barquinero JF, Endesfelder D, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Terzoudi G, Trompier F, Vral A, Abe Y, Ainsbury L, Alkebsi L, Amundson S, Badie C, Baeyens A, Balajee A, Balázs K, Barnard S, Bassinet C, Beaton-Green L, Beinke C, Bobyk L, Brochard P, Brzoska K, Bucher M, Ciesielski B, Cuceu C, Discher M, D,Oca M, Domínguez I, Doucha-Senf S, Dumitrescu A, Duy P, Finot F, Garty G, Ghandhi S, Gregoire E, Goh V, Güçlü I, Hadjiiska L, Hargitai R, Hristova R, Ishii K, Kis E, Juniewicz M, Kriehuber R, Lacombe J, Lee Y, Lopez Riego M, Lumniczky K, Mai T, Maltar-Strmečki N, Marrale M, Martinez J, Marciniak A, Maznyk N, McKeever S, Meher P, Milanova M, Miura T, Gil OM, Montoro A, Domene MM, Mrozik A, Nakayama R, O’Brien G, Oskamp D, Ostheim P, Pajic J, Pastor N, Patrono C, Pujol-Canadell M, Rodriguez MP, Repin M, Romanyukha A, Rößler U, Sabatier L, Sakai A, Scherthan H, Schüle S, Seong K, Sevriukova O, Sholom S, Sommer S, Suto Y, Sypko T, Szatmári T, Takahashi-Sugai M, Takebayashi K, Testa A, Testard I, Tichy A, Triantopoulou S, Tsuyama N, Unverricht-Yeboah M, Valente M, Van Hoey O, Wilkins R, Wojcik A, Wojewodzka M, Younghyun L, Zafiropoulos D, Abend M. RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: Inter-Assay Comparison of Eight Dosimetry Assays. Radiat Res 2023; 199:535-555. [PMID: 37310880 PMCID: PMC10508307 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00207.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tools for radiation exposure reconstruction are required to support the medical management of radiation victims in radiological or nuclear incidents. Different biological and physical dosimetry assays can be used for various exposure scenarios to estimate the dose of ionizing radiation a person has absorbed. Regular validation of the techniques through inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) is essential to guarantee high quality results. In the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison, the performance quality of established cytogenetic assays [dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), stable chromosomal translocation assay (FISH) and premature chromosome condensation assay (PCC)] was tested in comparison to molecular biological assays [gamma-H2AX foci (gH2AX), gene expression (GE)] and physical dosimetry-based assays [electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optically or thermally stimulated luminescence (LUM)]. Three blinded coded samples (e.g., blood, enamel or mobiles) were exposed to 0, 1.2 or 3.5 Gy X-ray reference doses (240 kVp, 1 Gy/min). These doses roughly correspond to clinically relevant groups of unexposed to low exposed (0-1 Gy), moderately exposed (1-2 Gy, no severe acute health effects expected) and highly exposed individuals (>2 Gy, requiring early intensive medical care). In the frame of the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison, samples were sent to 86 specialized teams in 46 organizations from 27 nations for dose estimation and identification of three clinically relevant groups. The time for sending early crude reports and more precise reports was documented for each laboratory and assay where possible. The quality of dose estimates was analyzed with three different levels of granularity, 1. by calculating the frequency of correctly reported clinically relevant dose categories, 2. by determining the number of dose estimates within the uncertainty intervals recommended for triage dosimetry (±0.5 Gy or ±1.0 Gy for doses <2.5 Gy or >2.5 Gy), and 3. by calculating the absolute difference (AD) of estimated doses relative to the reference doses. In total, 554 dose estimates were submitted within the 6-week period given before the exercise was closed. For samples processed with the highest priority, earliest dose estimates/categories were reported within 5-10 h of receipt for GE, gH2AX, LUM, EPR, 2-3 days for DCA, CBMN and within 6-7 days for the FISH assay. For the unirradiated control sample, the categorization in the correct clinically relevant group (0-1 Gy) as well as the allocation to the triage uncertainty interval was, with the exception of a few outliers, successfully performed for all assays. For the 3.5 Gy sample the percentage of correct classifications to the clinically relevant group (≥2 Gy) was between 89-100% for all assays, with the exception of gH2AX. For the 1.2 Gy sample, an exact allocation to the clinically relevant group was more difficult and 0-50% or 0-48% of the estimates were wrongly classified into the lowest or highest dose categories, respectively. For the irradiated samples, the correct allocation to the triage uncertainty intervals varied considerably between assays for the 1.2 Gy (29-76%) and 3.5 Gy (17-100%) samples. While a systematic shift towards higher doses was observed for the cytogenetic-based assays, extreme outliers exceeding the reference doses 2-6 fold were observed for EPR, FISH and GE assays. These outliers were related to a particular material examined (tooth enamel for EPR assay, reported as kerma in enamel, but when converted into the proper quantity, i.e. to kerma in air, expected dose estimates could be recalculated in most cases), the level of experience of the teams (FISH) and methodological uncertainties (GE). This was the first RENEB ILC where everything, from blood sampling to irradiation and shipment of the samples, was organized and realized at the same institution, for several biological and physical retrospective dosimetry assays. Almost all assays appeared comparably applicable for the identification of unexposed and highly exposed individuals and the allocation of medical relevant groups, with the latter requiring medical support for the acute radiation scenario simulated in this exercise. However, extreme outliers or a systematic shift of dose estimates have been observed for some assays. Possible reasons will be discussed in the assay specific papers of this special issue. In summary, this ILC clearly demonstrates the need to conduct regular exercises to identify research needs, but also to identify technical problems and to optimize the design of future ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - J. Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - G. Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - F. Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - A. Vral
- Ghent University, Radiobiology Research Unit, Gent, Belgium
| | - Y. Abe
- Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - L. Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency and Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Oxfordshire, England
| | - L Alkebsi
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S.A. Amundson
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - C. Badie
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - A. Baeyens
- Ghent University, Radiobiology Research Unit, Gent, Belgium
| | - A.S. Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - K. Balázs
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S. Barnard
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - C. Bassinet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | | | - C. Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - L. Bobyk
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny Sur Orge, France
| | | | - K. Brzoska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Bucher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - B. Ciesielski
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Gdansk, Poland
| | - C. Cuceu
- Genevolution, Porcheville, France
| | - M. Discher
- Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - M.C. D,Oca
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè,” Palermo, Italy
| | - I. Domínguez
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - A. Dumitrescu
- National Institute of Public Health, Radiation Hygiene Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
| | - P.N. Duy
- Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Radiation Technlogy & Biotechnology Center, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - F. Finot
- Genevolution, Porcheville, France
| | - G. Garty
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - S.A. Ghandhi
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - E. Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - V.S.T. Goh
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - I. Güçlü
- TENMAK, Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Technology Development and Nuclear Research Department, Türkey
| | - L. Hadjiiska
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R. Hargitai
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R. Hristova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K. Ishii
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - E. Kis
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Juniewicz
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Gdansk, Poland
| | - R. Kriehuber
- Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - J. Lacombe
- University of Arizona, Center for Applied Nanobioscience & Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Y. Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - K. Lumniczky
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T.T. Mai
- Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Radiation Technlogy & Biotechnology Center, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - N. Maltar-Strmečki
- Ruðer Boškovic Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. Marrale
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè,” Palermo, Italy
| | - J.S. Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - A. Marciniak
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Gdansk, Poland
| | - N. Maznyk
- Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory, S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - S.W.S. McKeever
- Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | | | - M. Milanova
- University of Defense, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - T. Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - O. Monteiro Gil
- Instituto Superior Técnico/ Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Montoro
- Servicio de Protección Radiológica. Laboratorio de Dosimetría Biológica, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Moreno Domene
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Mrozik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Nakayama
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - G. O’Brien
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - D. Oskamp
- Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - P. Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N. Pastor
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Sevilla, Spain
| | - C. Patrono
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | | | - M.J. Prieto Rodriguez
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Repin
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | | | - U. Rößler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | | | - A. Sakai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - H. Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - K.M. Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - S. Sholom
- Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - S. Sommer
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Suto
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - T. Sypko
- Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory, S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T. Szatmári
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Takahashi-Sugai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - K. Takebayashi
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - A. Testa
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - I. Testard
- CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A. Tichy
- University of Defense, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - S. Triantopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - N. Tsuyama
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M. Unverricht-Yeboah
- Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - M. Valente
- CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - O. Van Hoey
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - A. Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Wojewodzka
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lee Younghyun
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D. Zafiropoulos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M. Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Endesfelder D, Oestreicher U, Barquinero JF, Vral A, Terzoudi G, Moquet J, Trompier F, Wojcik A, Abend M, Port M. What We Have Learned from RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparisons Since 2012 With Focus on ILC 2021. Radiat Res 2023:492581. [PMID: 37084254 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Inter-laboratory exercises are important tools within the European network for biological dosimetry and physical retrospective dosimetry (RENEB) to validate and improve the performance of member laboratories and to ensure an operational network with high quality standards for dose estimations in case of a large-scale radiological or nuclear event. In addition to the RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021, several inter-laboratory comparisons have been performed in the frame of RENEB for a number of assays in recent years. This publication gives an overview of RENEB inter-laboratory comparisons for biological dosimetry assays in the past and a final summary of the challenges and lessons learnt from the RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021. In addition, the dose estimates of all RENEB inter-laboratory comparisons since 2013 that have been conducted for the dicentric chromosome assay, the most established and applied assay, are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Endesfelder
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - U Oestreicher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - J F Barquinero
- Department of Animal Biology, Plan Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Vral
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiobiology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - J Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - F Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Sweden
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Endesfelder D, Oestreicher U, Bucher M, Beinke C, Siebenwirth C, Ainsbury E, Moquet J, Gruel G, Gregoire E, Martinez JS, Vral A, Baeyens A, Valente M, Montoro A, Terzoudi G, Triantopoulou S, Pantelias A, Gil OM, Prieto MJ, Domene MM, Zafiropoulos D, Barquinero JF, Pujol-Canadell M, Lumniczky K, Hargitai R, Kis E, Testa A, Patrono C, Sommer S, Hristova R, Kostova N, Atanasova M, Sevriukova O, Domínguez I, Pastor N, Güçlü I, Pajic J, Sabatier L, Brochard P, Tichy A, Milanova M, Finot F, Petrenci CC, Wilkins RC, Beaton-Green LA, Seong KM, Lee Y, Lee YH, Balajee AS, Maznyk N, Sypko T, Pham ND, Tran TM, Miura T, Suto Y, Akiyamam M, Tsuyama N, Abe Y, Goh VST, Chua CEL, Abend M, Port M. RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: The Dicentric Chromosome Assay. Radiat Res 2023:492028. [PMID: 37018160 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
After large-scale radiation accidents where many individuals are suspected to be exposed to ionizing radiation, biological and physical retrospective dosimetry assays are important tools to aid clinical decision making by categorizing individuals into unexposed/minimally, moderately or highly exposed groups. Quality-controlled inter-laboratory comparisons of simulated accident scenarios are regularly performed in the frame of the European legal association RENEB (Running the European Network of Biological and Physical retrospective Dosimetry) to optimize international networking and emergency readiness in case of large-scale radiation events. In total 33 laboratories from 22 countries around the world participated in the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021 for the dicentric chromosome assay. Blood was irradiated in vitro with X rays (240 kVp, 13 mA, ∼75 keV, 1 Gy/min) to simulate an acute, homogeneous whole-body exposure. Three blood samples (no. 1: 0 Gy, no. 2: 1.2 Gy, no. 3: 3.5 Gy) were sent to each participant and the task was to culture samples, to prepare slides and to assess radiation doses based on the observed dicentric yields from 50 manually or 150 semi-automatically scored metaphases (triage mode scoring). Approximately two-thirds of the participants applied calibration curves from irradiations with γ rays and about 1/3 from irradiations with X rays with varying energies. The categorization of the samples in clinically relevant groups corresponding to individuals that were unexposed/minimally (0-1 Gy), moderately (1-2 Gy) or highly exposed (>2 Gy) was successfully performed by all participants for sample no. 1 and no. 3 and by ≥74% for sample no. 2. However, while most participants estimated a dose of exactly 0 Gy for the sham-irradiated sample, the precise dose estimates of the samples irradiated with doses >0 Gy were systematically higher than the corresponding reference doses and showed a median deviation of 0.5 Gy (sample no. 2) and 0.95 Gy (sample no. 3) for manual scoring. By converting doses estimated based on γ-ray calibration curves to X-ray doses of a comparable mean photon energy as used in this exercise, the median deviation decreased to 0.27 Gy (sample no. 2) and 0.6 Gy (sample no. 3). The main aim of biological dosimetry in the case of a large-scale event is the categorization of individuals into clinically relevant groups, to aid clinical decision making. This task was successfully performed by all participants for the 0 Gy and 3.5 Gy samples and by 74% (manual scoring) and 80% (semi-automatic scoring) for the 1.2 Gy sample. Due to the accuracy of the dicentric chromosome assay and the high number of participating laboratories, a systematic shift of the dose estimates could be revealed. Differences in radiation quality (X ray vs. γ ray) between the test samples and the applied dose effect curves can partly explain the systematic shift. There might be several additional reasons for the observed bias (e.g., donor effects, transport, experimental conditions or the irradiation setup) and the analysis of these reasons provides great opportunities for future research. The participation of laboratories from countries around the world gave the opportunity to compare the results on an international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Endesfelder
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - U Oestreicher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Bucher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - C Siebenwirth
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - E Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - J Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - G Gruel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - E Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - J S Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - A Vral
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - A Baeyens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Valente
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Radiation Biological, Effects Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - A Montoro
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría Biológica Servicio de Protección Radiológica Hospital Universitario Politécnico la Fe, Spain
| | - G Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - S Triantopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - A Pantelias
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - O Monteiro Gil
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Prieto
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica; Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Domene
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica; Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Zafiropoulos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - K Lumniczky
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Hargitai
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Kis
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Testa
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - C Patrono
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - S Sommer
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Hristova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N Kostova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Atanasova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - O Sevriukova
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | - I Domínguez
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - N Pastor
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Güçlü
- Nükleer Arş Ens. Yarımburgaz mah. Nükleer Arş yolu, Turkey
| | - J Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Sabatier
- PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France and Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - P Brochard
- PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France and Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Milanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - F Finot
- Genevolution, Porcheville, France
| | | | - R C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - K M Seong
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory; Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - N Maznyk
- aa Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory; S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T Sypko
- aa Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory; S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - N D Pham
- bb Biodosimetry Laboratory, Center for Radiation Technology & Biotechnology; Dalat Nuclear Research Institute; Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - T M Tran
- bb Biodosimetry Laboratory, Center for Radiation Technology & Biotechnology; Dalat Nuclear Research Institute; Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - T Miura
- cc Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Y Suto
- dd National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Akiyamam
- dd National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Tsuyama
- ee Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- ff Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - V S T Goh
- ff Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - C E L Chua
- gg Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Abdelhalim MA, Patel A, Moquet J, Smith A, Badie C, Anderson R, Ainsbury E, Modarai B. O003 Radiation-related chromosomal aberrations observed in high volume endovascular operators performing X-ray guided surgery. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac242.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The biological effects of chronic, low dose radiation, to which operators performing fluoroscopy-guided procedures are exposed, are unknown. We have previously demonstrated acute DNA damage/repair in lymphocytes from operators performing fluoroscopy-guided endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), but these markers normalised after 24 hours and did not inform on the residual accumulated effects of chronic radiation exposure. In the present study cytogenetic techniques were used to examine for chromosomal aberrations in endovascular operators.
Methods
Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from high volume endovascular operators performing EVAR and age-matched radiation naïve general surgeons as controls. Giemsa staining was used to visualise the full complement of chromosomes and all dicentrics, where 2 centromeres are present in a single chromosome, were identified. The genome was analysed for abnormal exchanges of genetic material between chromosomes using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridisation (mFISH).
Results
Lymphocytes from 18 operators (12 exposed, 6 controls) were analysed. A higher frequency of dicentric chromosomes were found in exposed operators compared with controls (0.0011 vs 0.0004, respectively, P=0.002) after examining 54,000 lymphocytes. Twice as many complex chromosome rearrangements were seen in endovascular operators compared with controls (0.48% vs 0.24%). Aneuploidy, the abnormal loss of chromosomes, was more frequent in endovascular operators with a median difference of 0.35 per chromosome (P=0.004).
Conclusion
We have found a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations in endovascular operators compared with radiation naïve colleagues. This justifies further individual biological profiling for genomic instability and personalised radiation risk assessment.
Take-home message
Radiation-related DNA damage occurs in endovascular operators despite current radiation protection measures. Biological dosimetry could be a useful tool, allowing personalised risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Abdelhalim
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - A Patel
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - J Moquet
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire
| | - A Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - C Badie
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire
| | - R Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Brunel University
| | - E Ainsbury
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire
| | - B Modarai
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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Barnard SGR, Moquet J, Lloyd S, Ellender M, Ainsbury EA, Quinlan RA. Dotting the eyes: mouse strain dependency of the lens epithelium to low dose radiation-induced DNA damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1116-1124. [PMID: 30359158 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1532609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological evidence regarding the radiosensitivity of the lens of the eye and radiation cataract development has led to changes in the EU Basic Safety Standards for protection of the lens against ionizing radiation. However, mechanistic details of lens radiation response pathways and their significance for cataractogenesis remain unclear. Radiation-induced DNA damage and the potential impairment of repair pathways within the lens epithelium, a cell monolayer that covers the anterior hemisphere of the lens, are likely to be involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, the lens epithelium has been analyzed for its DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair response to ionizing radiation. The responses of epithelial cells located at the anterior pole (central region) have been compared to at the very periphery of the monolayer (germinative and transitional zones). Described here are the different responses in the two regions and across four strains (C57BL/6, 129S2, BALB/c and CBA/Ca) over a low dose (0-25 mGy) in-vivo whole body X-irradiation range up to 24 hours post exposure. RESULTS DNA damage and repair as visualized through 53BP1 staining was present across the lens epithelium, although repair kinetics appeared non-uniform. Epithelial cells in the central region have significantly more 53BP1 foci. The sensitivities of different mouse strains have also been compared. CONCLUSIONS 129S2 and BALB/c showed higher levels of DNA damage, with BALB/c showing significantly less inter-individual variability and appearing to be a more robust model for future DNA damage and repair studies. As a result of this study, BALB/c was identified as a suitable radiosensitive lens strain to detect and quantify early low dose ionizing radiation DNA damage effects in the mouse eye lens specifically, as an indicator of cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G R Barnard
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK.,b Department of Biosciences , Durham University , Durham , UK
| | - J Moquet
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK
| | - S Lloyd
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK.,c School of Biosciences , The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , UK
| | - M Ellender
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK
| | - E A Ainsbury
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK
| | - R A Quinlan
- b Department of Biosciences , Durham University , Durham , UK
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Barnard S, Moquet J, Lloyd S, Ellender M, Ainsbury E, Quinlan R. Radiation-induced cataracts. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Barnard
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
| | - J. Moquet
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
| | - S. Lloyd
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - M. Ellender
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
| | - E. Ainsbury
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
| | - R. Quinlan
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
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Depuydt J, Baeyens A, Barnard S, Beinke C, Benedek A, Beukes P, Buraczewska I, Darroudi F, De Sanctis S, Dominguez I, Monteiro Gil O, Hadjidekova V, Kis E, Kulka U, Lista F, Lumniczky K, M’kacher R, Moquet J, Obreja D, Oestreicher U, Pajic J, Pastor N, Popova L, Regalbuto E, Ricoul M, Sabatier L, Slabbert J, Sommer S, Testa A, Thierens H, Wojcik A, Vral A. O42. Realizing the European Network of Biological Dosimetry ‘RENEB’: Results of 2 intercomparison exercises for the micronucleus assay. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Barnard S, Ainsbury EA, Al-hafidh J, Hadjidekova V, Hristova R, Lindholm C, Monteiro Gil O, Moquet J, Moreno M, Rößler U, Thierens H, Vandevoorde C, Vral A, Wojewódzka M, Rothkamm K. The first gamma-H2AX biodosimetry intercomparison exercise of the developing European biodosimetry network RENEB. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 164:265-270. [PMID: 25118318 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the event of a mass casualty radiation incident, the gamma-H2AX foci assay could be a useful tool to estimate radiation doses received by individuals. The rapid processing time of blood samples of just a few hours and the potential for batch processing, enabling high throughput, make the assay ideal for early triage categorisation to separate the 'worried well' from the low and critically exposed by quantifying radiation-induced foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Within the RENEB framework, 8 European laboratories have taken part in the first European gamma-H2AX biodosimetry exercise, which consisted of a telescoring comparison of 200 circulated foci images taken from 8 samples, and a comparison of 10 fresh blood lymphocyte samples that were shipped overnight to participating labs 4 or 24 h post-exposure. Despite large variations between laboratories in the dose-response relationship for foci induction, the obtained results indicate that the network should be able to use the gamma-H2AX assay for rapidly identifying the most severely exposed individuals within a cohort who could then be prioritised for accurate chromosome dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - E A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - J Al-hafidh
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - V Hadjidekova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Hristova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Lindholm
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Monteiro Gil
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Grupo de Protecção e Segurança Radiológica, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | - J Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - M Moreno
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - U Rößler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - H Thierens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vandevoorde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Vral
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Wojewódzka
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
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Kulka U, Ainsbury L, Atkinson M, Barnard S, Smith R, Barquinero JF, Barrios L, Bassinet C, Beinke C, Cucu A, Darroudi F, Fattibene P, Bortolin E, Monaca SD, Gil O, Gregoire E, Hadjidekova V, Haghdoost S, Hatzi V, Hempel W, Herranz R, Jaworska A, Lindholm C, Lumniczky K, M'kacher R, Mörtl S, Montoro A, Moquet J, Moreno M, Noditi M, Ogbazghi A, Oestreicher U, Palitti F, Pantelias G, Popescu I, Prieto MJ, Roch-Lefevre S, Roessler U, Romm H, Rothkamm K, Sabatier L, Sebastià N, Sommer S, Terzoudi G, Testa A, Thierens H, Trompier F, Turai I, Vandevoorde C, Vaz P, Voisin P, Vral A, Ugletveit F, Wieser A, Woda C, Wojcik A. Realising the European network of biodosimetry: RENEB-status quo. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 164:42-5. [PMID: 25205835 PMCID: PMC4401036 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Creating a sustainable network in biological and retrospective dosimetry that involves a large number of experienced laboratories throughout the European Union (EU) will significantly improve the accident and emergency response capabilities in case of a large-scale radiological emergency. A well-organised cooperative action involving EU laboratories will offer the best chance for fast and trustworthy dose assessments that are urgently needed in an emergency situation. To this end, the EC supports the establishment of a European network in biological dosimetry (RENEB). The RENEB project started in January 2012 involving cooperation of 23 organisations from 16 European countries. The purpose of RENEB is to increase the biodosimetry capacities in case of large-scale radiological emergency scenarios. The progress of the project since its inception is presented, comprising the consolidation process of the network with its operational platform, intercomparison exercises, training activities, proceedings in quality assurance and horizon scanning for new methods and partners. Additionally, the benefit of the network for the radiation research community as a whole is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | | | - M Atkinson
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - R Smith
- Public Health England, Chilton, UK
| | - J F Barquinero
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - L Barrios
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - C Bassinet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institut für Radiobiologie/Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Cucu
- National Institute of Public Health Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - F Darroudi
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Bortolin
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - O Gil
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - E Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - V Hadjidekova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - V Hatzi
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - W Hempel
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - R Herranz
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Jaworska
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Osteraas, Norway
| | - C Lindholm
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Research and Environmental Surveillance, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Lumniczky
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R M'kacher
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - S Mörtl
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Montoro
- Fundación para la Investigation del Hospital Universitario la Fe de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Moquet
- Public Health England, Chilton, UK
| | - M Moreno
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Noditi
- National Institute of Public Health Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Ogbazghi
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - F Palitti
- University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G Pantelias
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - I Popescu
- National Institute of Public Health Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M J Prieto
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Roch-Lefevre
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - U Roessler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | - H Romm
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | | | - L Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - N Sebastià
- Fundación para la Investigation del Hospital Universitario la Fe de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sommer
- Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jadrowej, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - A Testa
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, L'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - H Thierens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - F Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - I Turai
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Vandevoorde
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - P Vaz
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - P Voisin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Vral
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - F Ugletveit
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Osteraas, Norway
| | - A Wieser
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Woda
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Romm H, Ainsbury E, Barnard S, Barrios L, Barquinero JF, Beinke C, Deperas M, Gregoire E, Koivistoinen A, Lindholm C, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Puig R, Rothkamm K, Sommer S, Thierens H, Vandersickel V, Vral A, Wojcik A. Validation of semi-automatic scoring of dicentric chromosomes after simulation of three different irradiation scenarios. Health Phys 2014; 106:764-771. [PMID: 24776911 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Large scale radiological emergencies require high throughput techniques of biological dosimetry for population triage in order to identify individuals indicated for medical treatment. The dicentric assay is the "gold standard" technique for the performance of biological dosimetry, but it is very time consuming and needs well trained scorers. To increase the throughput of blood samples, semi-automation of dicentric scoring was investigated in the framework of the MULTIBIODOSE EU FP7 project, and dose effect curves were established in six biodosimetry laboratories. To validate these dose effect curves, blood samples from 33 healthy donors (>10 donors/scenario) were irradiated in vitro with ⁶⁰Co gamma rays simulating three different exposure scenarios: acute whole body, partial body, and protracted exposure, with three different doses for each scenario. All the blood samples were irradiated at Ghent University, Belgium, and then shipped blind coded to the participating laboratories. The blood samples were set up by each lab using their own standard protocols, and metaphase slides were prepared to validate the calibration curves established by semi-automatic dicentric scoring. In order to achieve this, 300 metaphases per sample were captured, and the doses were estimated using the newly formed dose effect curves. After acute uniform exposure, all laboratories were able to distinguish between 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2.0, and 4.0 Gy (p < 0.001), and, in most cases, the dose estimates were within a range of ± 0.5 Gy of the given dose. After protracted exposure, all laboratories were able to distinguish between 1.0 Gy, 2.0 Gy, and 4.0 Gy (p < 0.001), and here also a large number of the dose estimates were within ± 0.5 Gy of the irradiation dose. After simulated partial body exposure, all laboratories were able to distinguish between 2.0 Gy, 4.0 Gy, and 6.0 Gy (p < 0.001). Overdispersion of the dicentric distribution enabled the detection of the partial body samples; however, this result was clearly dose-dependent. For partial body exposures, only a few dose estimates were in the range of ± 0.5 Gy of the given dose, but an improvement could be achieved with higher cell numbers. The new method of semi-automation of the dicentric assay was introduced successfully in a network of six laboratories. It is therefore concluded that this method can be used as a high-throughput screening tool in a large-scale radiation accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Romm
- *Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz (Germany); †Public Health England (United Kingdom); ‡Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain); §Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucleaire (France); **Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm (Germany); ††Stockholm University (Sweden); ‡‡Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (Finland); §§Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (Poland); ***University of Ghent (Belgium)
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Romm H, Ainsbury E, Bajinskis A, Barnard S, Barquinero JF, Barrios L, Beinke C, Puig-Casanovas R, Deperas-Kaminska M, Gregoire E, Oestreicher U, Lindholm C, Moquet J, Rothkamm K, Sommer S, Thierens H, Vral A, Vandersickel V, Wojcik A. Web-based scoring of the dicentric assay, a collaborative biodosimetric scoring strategy for population triage in large scale radiation accidents. Radiat Environ Biophys 2014; 53:241-254. [PMID: 24557539 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the case of a large scale radiation accident high throughput methods of biological dosimetry for population triage are needed to identify individuals requiring clinical treatment. The dicentric assay performed in web-based scoring mode may be a very suitable technique. Within the MULTIBIODOSE EU FP7 project a network is being established of 8 laboratories with expertise in dose estimations based on the dicentric assay. Here, the manual dicentric assay was tested in a web-based scoring mode. More than 23,000 high resolution images of metaphase spreads (only first mitosis) were captured by four laboratories and established as image galleries on the internet (cloud). The galleries included images of a complete dose effect curve (0-5.0 Gy) and three types of irradiation scenarios simulating acute whole body, partial body and protracted exposure. The blood samples had been irradiated in vitro with gamma rays at the University of Ghent, Belgium. Two laboratories provided image galleries from Fluorescence plus Giemsa stained slides (3 h colcemid) and the image galleries from the other two laboratories contained images from Giemsa stained preparations (24 h colcemid). Each of the 8 participating laboratories analysed 3 dose points of the dose effect curve (scoring 100 cells for each point) and 3 unknown dose points (50 cells) for each of the 3 simulated irradiation scenarios. At first all analyses were performed in a QuickScan Mode without scoring individual chromosomes, followed by conventional scoring (only complete cells, 46 centromeres). The calibration curves obtained using these two scoring methods were very similar, with no significant difference in the linear-quadratic curve coefficients. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect of dose on the yield of dicentrics, but no significant effect of the laboratories, different methods of slide preparation or different incubation times used for colcemid. The results obtained to date within the MULTIBIODOSE project by a network of 8 collaborating laboratories throughout Europe are very promising. The dicentric assay in the web based scoring mode as a high throughput scoring strategy is a useful application for biodosimetry in the case of a large scale radiation accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Romm
- Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany,
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Romm H, Barnard S, Boulay-Greene H, De Amicis A, De Sanctis S, Franco M, Herodin F, Jones A, Kulka U, Lista F, Martigne P, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Rothkamm K, Thierens H, Valente M, Vandersickel V, Vral A, Braselmann H, Meineke V, Abend M, Beinke C. Laboratory Intercomparison of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Radiat Res 2013; 180:120-8. [DOI: 10.1667/rr3234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Beinke C, Barnard S, Boulay-Greene H, De Amicis A, De Sanctis S, Herodin F, Jones A, Kulka U, Lista F, Lloyd D, Martigne P, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Romm H, Rothkamm K, Valente M, Meineke V, Braselmann H, Abend M. Laboratory Intercomparison of the Dicentric Chromosome Analysis Assay. Radiat Res 2013; 180:129-37. [DOI: 10.1667/rr3235.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Romm H, Ainsbury E, Barnard S, Barrios L, Barquinero J, Beinke C, Deperas M, Gregoire E, Koivistoinen A, Lindholm C, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Puig R, Rothkamm K, Sommer S, Thierens H, Vandersickel V, Vral A, Wojcik A. Automatic scoring of dicentric chromosomes as a tool in large scale radiation accidents. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2013; 756:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rothkamm K, Beinke C, Romm H, Badie C, Balagurunathan Y, Barnard S, Bernard N, Boulay-Greene H, Brengues M, De Amicis A, De Sanctis S, Greither R, Herodin F, Jones A, Kabacik S, Knie T, Kulka U, Lista F, Martigne P, Missel A, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Peinnequin A, Poyot T, Roessler U, Scherthan H, Terbrueggen B, Thierens H, Valente M, Vral A, Zenhausern F, Meineke V, Braselmann H, Abend M. Comparison of established and emerging biodosimetry assays. Radiat Res 2013; 180:111-9. [PMID: 23862692 DOI: 10.1667/rr3231.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rapid biodosimetry tools are required to assist with triage in the case of a large-scale radiation incident. Here, we aimed to determine the dose-assessment accuracy of the well-established dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) in comparison to the emerging γ-H2AX foci and gene expression assays for triage mode biodosimetry and radiation injury assessment. Coded blood samples exposed to 10 X-ray doses (240 kVp, 1 Gy/min) of up to 6.4 Gy were sent to participants for dose estimation. Report times were documented for each laboratory and assay. The mean absolute difference (MAD) of estimated doses relative to the true doses was calculated. We also merged doses into binary dose categories of clinical relevance and examined accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the assays. Dose estimates were reported by the first laboratories within 0.3-0.4 days of receipt of samples for the γ-H2AX and gene expression assays compared to 2.4 and 4 days for the DCA and CBMN assays, respectively. Irrespective of the assay we found a 2.5-4-fold variation of interlaboratory accuracy per assay and lowest MAD values for the DCA assay (0.16 Gy) followed by CBMN (0.34 Gy), gene expression (0.34 Gy) and γ-H2AX (0.45 Gy) foci assay. Binary categories of dose estimates could be discriminated with equal efficiency for all assays, but at doses ≥1.5 Gy a 10% decrease in efficiency was observed for the foci assay, which was still comparable to the CBMN assay. In conclusion, the DCA has been confirmed as the gold standard biodosimetry method, but in situations where speed and throughput are more important than ultimate accuracy, the emerging rapid molecular assays have the potential to become useful triage tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
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Wong KF, Siu LLP, Ainsbury E, Moquet J. Cytogenetic biodosimetry: what it is and how we do it. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:168-173. [PMID: 23535678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicentric assay is the international gold standard for cytogenetic biodosimetry after radiation exposure, despite being very labour-intensive, time-consuming, and highly expertise-dependent. It involves the identification of centromeres and structure of solid-stained chromosomes and the enumeration of dicentric chromosomes in a large number of first-division metaphases of cultured T lymphocytes. The dicentric yield is used to estimate the radiation exposure dosage according to a statistically derived and predetermined dose-response curve. It can be used for population triage after large-scale accidental over-exposure to ionising radiation or with a view to making clinical decisions for individual patients receiving substantial radiation. In this report, we describe our experience in the establishment of a cytogenetic biodosimetry laboratory in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. This was part of the contingency plan for emergency measures against radiation accidents at nuclear power stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong.
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Kulka U, Ainsbury L, Atkinson M, Barquinero JF, Barrios L, Beinke C, Bognar G, Cucu A, Darroudi F, Fattibene P, Gil O, Gregoire E, Hadjidekova V, Haghdoost S, Herranz R, Jaworska A, Lindholm C, Mkacher R, Mörtl S, Montoro A, Moquet J, Moreno M, Ogbazghi A, Oestreicher U, Palitti F, Pantelias G, Popescu I, Prieto MJ, Romm H, Rothkamm K, Sabatier L, Sommer S, Terzoudi G, Testa A, Thierens H, Trompier F, Turai I, Vandersickel V, Vaz P, Voisin P, Vral A, Ugletveit F, Woda C, Wojcik A. Realising the European Network of Biodosimetry (RENEB). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 151:621-625. [PMID: 22923244 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, a network for biological dosimetry has been created to strengthen the emergency preparedness and response capabilities in case of a large-scale nuclear accident or radiological emergency. Through the RENEB (Realising the European Network of Biodosimetry) project, 23 experienced laboratories from 16 European countries will establish a sustainable network for rapid, comprehensive and standardised biodosimetry provision that would be urgently required in an emergency situation on European ground. The foundation of the network is formed by five main pillars: (1) the ad hoc operational basis, (2) a basis of future developments, (3) an effective quality-management system, (4) arrangements to guarantee long-term sustainability and (5) awareness of the existence of RENEB. RENEB will thus provide a mechanism for quick, efficient and reliable support within the European radiation emergency management. The scientific basis of RENEB will concurrently contribute to increased safety in the field of radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany.
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Stronati L, Testa A, Moquet J, Edwards A, Cordelli E, Villani P, Marino C, Fresegna AM, Appolloni M, Lloyd D. 935 MHz cellular phone radiation. Anin vitrostudy of genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 82:339-46. [PMID: 16782651 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600739173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The possibility of genotoxicity of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) applied alone or in combination with x-rays was investigated in vitro using several assays on human lymphocytes. The chosen specific absorption rate (SAR) values are near the upper limit of actual energy absorption in localized tissue when persons use some cellular telephones. The purpose of the combined exposures was to examine whether RFR might act epigenetically by reducing the fidelity of repair of DNA damage caused by a well-characterized and established mutagen. METHODS Blood specimens from 14 donors were exposed continuously for 24 h to a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) basic 935 MHz signal. The signal was applied at two SAR; 1 and 2 W/Kg, alone or combined with a 1-min exposure to 1.0 Gy of 250 kVp x-rays given immediately before or after the RFR. The assays employed were the alkaline comet technique to detect DNA strand breakage, metaphase analyses to detect unstable chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleate lymphocytes and the nuclear division index to detect alterations in the speed of in vitro cell cycling. RESULTS By comparison with appropriate sham-exposed and control samples, no effect of RFR alone could be found for any of the assay endpoints. In addition RFR did not modify any measured effects of the x-radiation. CONCLUSIONS This study has used several standard in vitro tests for chromosomal and DNA damage in Go human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to a combination of x-rays and RFR. It has comprehensively examined whether a 24-h continuous exposure to a 935 MHz GSM basic signal delivering SAR of 1 or 2 W/Kg is genotoxic per se or whether, it can influence the genotoxicity of the well-established clastogenic agent; x-radiation. Within the experimental parameters of the study in all instances no effect from the RFR signal was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stronati
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Science, CR, ENEA Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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Moquet J, Ainsbury E, Bouffler S, Lloyd D. Exposure to low level GSM 935 MHZ radiofrequency fields does not induce apoptosis in proliferating or differentiated murine neuroblastoma cells. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 131:287-296. [PMID: 18550513 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiofrequency (RF) fields characteristic of mobile phones at non-thermal levels can induce apoptosis in murine neuroblastoma (N2a) cells in both proliferating and differentiated states. Cells were exposed continuously for 24 h to one of the three 935-MHz RF signals: global system for mobile communication (GSM) basic, GSM talk and a continuous wave, unmodulated signal; all at a specific energy absorption rate of 2 W kg(-1). The measured increase in temperature of the cells due to the RF fields was around 0.06 degrees C. At a number of time points between 0 and 48 h post-exposure, the cells were assessed for apoptosis under a fluorescence microscope using three independent assays: Annexin V, caspase activation and in situ end-labelling. No statistically significant differences in apoptosis levels were observed between the exposed and sham-exposed cells using the three assays at any time point post-exposure. These data suggest that RF exposures, characteristic of GSM mobile phones, do not significantly affect the apoptosis levels in proliferating and differentiated murine neuroblastoma cell line N2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moquet
- Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Edwards AA, Lindholm C, Darroudi F, Stephan G, Romm H, Barquinero J, Barrios L, Caballin MR, Roy L, Whitehouse CA, Tawn EJ, Moquet J, Lloyd DC, Voisin P. Review of translocations detected by FISH for retrospective biological dosimetry applications. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2005; 113:396-402. [PMID: 15928034 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nch452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Several European laboratories have combined their research efforts to arrive at a consensus view on using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for retrospective dosimetry. The aim of this review is to report these views and to highlight some areas where further work is needed. Translocations in the stable cells should be measured only in the cells that contain the full complement of the painted material. Two-way and one-way translocations should be combined with equal weight. The control level of translocations has a strong dependence on age, which has now been measured and the system has been calibrated. In conclusion, the technique works and a lifetime dose to the bone marrow from low-linear energy transfer radiation of 0.5 Gy above normal background levels can be measured for any individual. The main application is considered to provide an independent verification of lifetime doses to individuals who might form a part of an epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Edwards
- Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division (HPA), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Edwards A, Voisin P, Sorokine-Durm I, Maznik N, Vinnikov V, Mikhalevich L, Moquet J, Lloyd D, Delbos M, Durand V. Biological estimates of dose to inhabitants of Belarus and Ukraine following the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2004; 111:211-219. [PMID: 15266074 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nch039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well various assays on blood can detect radiation dose to people exposed many years previously and, if possible, to estimate that dose. The assays were applied to persons resident close to Chernobyl in 1986. Blood samples were taken 13-15 years after the reactor accident. The assays used were the frequencies of lymphocyte chromosomal translocations, micronuclei, HPRT mutations and apoptotic cells. Translocation yields in the exposed groups were marginally higher than in their respective controls, leading to dose estimates of about 0.2 Gy but with large uncertainties. All other assays showed inconsistency from person to person or other variations apparently not related to dose. The measurement of translocations, it is concluded, is the biological method of choice for retrospective dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Edwards
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Lindholm C, Romm H, Stephan G, Schmid E, Moquet J, Edwards A. Intercomparison of translocation and dicentric frequencies between laboratories in a follow-up of the radiological accident in Estonia. Int J Radiat Biol 2002; 78:883-90. [PMID: 12465653 DOI: 10.1080/09553000210155888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform an interlaboratory comparison of FISH chromosome painting and to study the time-course of translocations and dicentrics in three accident victims exposed to radiation. Also, to use the data in the validation of the FISH technique as a retrospective dosimeter. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve blood samples were collected during 4 years from three subjects exposed to radiation in an accident in Estonia in 1994 involving gamma-radiation from a 137Cs source. Two of the subjects were exposed during approximately 7 h, both receiving a protracted dose of about 1 Gy and also localized exposure. The third subject received a protracted whole-body dose of 2.7 Gy during 4 weeks as well as a short-term partial-body dose. Preparations from 48-h metaphase cultures were painted by the FISH technique using routine methods and probe cocktails in four laboratories. Samples from each subject were analysed in two different laboratories that used different combinations of whole chromosome probes. The PAINT nomenclature was applied when recording chromosome aberrations. RESULTS The intercomparison of FISH analysis data showed reasonable similarities between laboratories, the largest discrepancy being 21% in the frequency of two-way translocations in subject 3. Half-time calculations, based on combined data sets from two laboratories, showed that dicentrics decreased rapidly with half-times of approximately 2 years. In all cases, the initial dicentric yields were lower than the initial translocation yields. During the 4-year follow-up, the frequencies of all translocations in cells containing only simple rearrangements fell on average to about 65% of their initial value. Two-way translocations were slightly more persistent than all translocations. The average half-time was about 8 years for two-way translocations and around 6 years for all translocations. Cells containing complex rearrangements were few in number and they disappeared with time. In general, the inclusion of complex cells caused a more rapid fall in aberration yield. CONCLUSIONS In general, the results imply that relatively consistent scoring data were obtained with different chromosome painting protocols. They also support the idea that the reduction of translocations with time is associated with partial-body irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lindholm
- STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, PO Box 14, FIN-00881 Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
Data are presented for a subset of lymphocytes characterized by FISH as missing painted chromosomal material. These lymphocytes occur in both control and irradiated subjects. These cells have a much greater frequency of one-way translocations than cells in which all of the painted chromosomal material is present. Their presence contributes to interindividual variability in control translocation yields. These cells do not appear to be more prevalent in persons exposed to high radiation doses. It is suggested that their exclusion when selecting cells for analysis may improve the sensitivity of FISH as a biological dosimeter at low doses. Mechanisms for the production of these one-way translocations in vivo are also discussed, with a proposal that their variable frequency in individuals may be consistent with exposure to chemical clastogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Edwards
- National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
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