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Hayat F, Deason JT, Bryan RL, Terkeltaub R, Song W, Kraus WL, Pluth J, Gassman NR, Migaud ME. Synthesis, Detection, and Metabolism of Pyridone Ribosides, Products of NAD Overoxidation. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:248-258. [PMID: 38198686 PMCID: PMC10880730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Pyridone-containing adenine dinucleotides, ox-NAD, are formed by overoxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and exist in three distinct isomeric forms. Like the canonical nucleosides, the corresponding pyridone-containing nucleosides (PYR) are chemically stable, biochemically versatile, and easily converted to nucleotides, di- and triphosphates, and dinucleotides. The 4-PYR isomer is often reported with its abundance increasing with the progression of metabolic diseases, age, cancer, and oxidative stress. Yet, the pyridone-derived nucleotides are largely under-represented in the literature. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of the series of ox-NAD and pyridone nucleotides and measure the abundance of ox-NAD in biological specimens using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Overall, we demonstrate that all three forms of PYR and ox-NAD are found in biospecimens at concentrations ranging from nanomolar to midmicromolar and that their presence affects the measurements of NAD(H) concentrations when standard biochemical redox-based assays are applied. Furthermore, we used liver extracts and 1H NMR spectrometry to demonstrate that each ox-NAD isomer can be metabolized to its respective PYR isomer. Together, these results suggest a need for a better understanding of ox-NAD in the context of human physiology since these species are endogenous mimics of NAD+, the key redox cofactor in metabolism and bioenergetics maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hayat
- Mitchell
Cancer Institute, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Department
of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, United States
| | - J. Trey Deason
- Mitchell
Cancer Institute, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Department
of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, United States
| | - Ru Liu Bryan
- School
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- VA
San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, California 92161, United States
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- School
of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- VA
San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, California 92161, United States
| | - Weidan Song
- Cecil
H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Cecil
H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Janice Pluth
- Department
of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las
Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1720 second Ave S, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Marie E. Migaud
- Mitchell
Cancer Institute, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Department
of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, Alabama 36604, United States
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