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Zimmer J, Mueller L, Frank-Herrmann P, Rehnitz J, Dietrich JE, Bettendorf M, Strowitzki T, Krivega M. Low androgen signaling rescues genome integrity with innate immune response by reducing fertility in humans. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:30. [PMID: 38212646 PMCID: PMC10784536 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Development of the gonads under complex androgen regulation is critical for germ cells specification. In this work we addressed the relationship between androgens and genomic integrity determining human fertility. We used different study groups: individuals with Differences of Sex Development (DSD), including Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) due to mutated androgen receptor (AR), and men with idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia. Both showed genome integrity status influenced by androgen signaling via innate immune response activation in blood and gonads. Whole proteome analysis connected low AR to interleukin-specific gene expression, while compromised genome stability and tumorigenesis were also supported by interferons. AR expression was associated with predominant DNA damage phenotype, that eliminated AR-positive Sertoli cells as the degeneration of gonads increased. Low AR contributed to resistance from the inhibition of DNA repair in primary leukocytes. Downregulation of androgen promoted apoptosis and specific innate immune response with higher susceptibility in cells carrying genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- Research Group of Gonadal Differentiation and Embryonic Development, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Mueller
- Research Group of Gonadal Differentiation and Embryonic Development, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Frank-Herrmann
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Rehnitz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J E Dietrich
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Bettendorf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krivega
- Research Group of Gonadal Differentiation and Embryonic Development, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Vogt PH, Rauschendorf MA, Zimmer J, Drummer C, Behr R. AZFa Y gene, DDX3Y, evolved novel testis transcript variants in primates with proximal 3´UTR polyadenylation for germ cell specific translation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8954. [PMID: 35624115 PMCID: PMC9142519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational control is a major level of gene expression regulation in the male germ line. DDX3Y located in the AZFa region of the human Y chromosome encodes a conserved RNA helicase important for translational control at the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. In human, DDX3Y protein is expressed only in premeiotic male germ cells. In primates, DDX3Y evolved a second promoter producing novel testis-specific transcripts. Here, we show primate species-specific use of alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites for these testis-specific DDX3Y transcript variants. They have evolved subsequently in the 3´UTRs of the primates´ DDX3Y transcripts. Whereas a distal APA site (PAS4) is still used for polyadenylation of most DDX3Y testis transcripts in Callithrix jacchus; two proximal APAs (PAS1; PAS2) are used predominantly in Macaca mulatta, in Pan trogloydates and in human. This shift corresponds with a significant increase of DDX3Y protein expression in the macaque testis tissue. In chimpanzee and human, shift to predominant use of the most proximal APA site (PAS1) is associated with translation of these DDX3Y transcripts in only premeiotic male germ cells. We therefore assume evolution of a positive selection process for functional DDX3Y testis transcripts in these primates which increase their stability and translation efficiency to promote its cell cycle balancing function in the human male germ line.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. H. Vogt
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M-A. Rauschendorf
- Molecular Health GmbH, Kurfürsten-Anlage 21, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Zimmer
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Drummer
- grid.418215.b0000 0000 8502 7018Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. Behr
- grid.418215.b0000 0000 8502 7018Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Zimmer J, Schmidt S, Klos J, Döring S, Strecker D, Vieths S, Kaul S. The Method makes the Extract: Comparative Analysis of Birch Pollen Allergen Extracts. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:784-787. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - S Schmidt
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - J Klos
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - S Döring
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - D Strecker
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 63225 Langen Germany
| | - S Kaul
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 63225 Langen Germany
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Poli A, Oudin A, Muller A, Hunewald O, Domingues O, Nazarov PV, Puard V, Baus V, Azuaje F, Dittmar G, Zimmer J, Michel T, Niclou SP, Ollert M. KS01.5.A Allergic airway inflammation impacts tumor take and delays experimental glioblastoma progression. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Numerous epidemiological studies have highlighted the protective role of immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic diseases on glioblastoma (GBM) susceptibility and prognosis. However, the mechanistic explanations behind these phenomena remain unexplored. Our objective was to set up a preclinical model and investigate the mechanisms underlying such protection to improve our understanding of the crosstalk between immune system and brain tumor development.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A mouse model of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) induced by repeated nasal instillation of House Dust Mite extract was initiated before intracranial implantation of GL261 glioma cells, in both immunocompetent (C57BL/6) and immunodeficient (RAG-KO) mice. Tumor take and tumor growth were monitored by MRI. Central (microglia) and peripheral (spleen, bone marrow) immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. The response of microglia was further assessed by RNA sequencing. Impact of candidate genes on patient survival was characterized by Cox regression analysis using data from TCGA and CGGA.
RESULTS
Following AAI induction in C57BL/6 mice, engraftment of GL261 cells in the brain was delayed and tumor growth rate was reduced. This correlated with an increase in survival of the mice and was accompanied by increased effector memory T-cells in the circulation. Of note, the survival benefit was lost in RAG-KO mice devoid of adaptive immunity. At the level of the brain, we observed enhanced secretion of TNFα and IL6 in microglia ex vivo. AAI induced a transcriptional reprogramming of microglia towards a pro-inflammatory-like state. We identified an allergy-related microglia gene signature that is associated with improved prognosis of glioma patients.
CONCLUSION
Our results demonstrate that AAI limits both tumor take and GBM progression in mice, providing a preclinical model to study the role of allergic inflammation in GBM susceptibility and prognosis, respectively. At the functional level, we identify a potentiation of microglial and adaptive anti-tumoral immunity. Further investigations are warranted to shed light on the reciprocal crosstalk between microglial reprogramming and peripheral immunity in the context of allergies and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - A Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A Muller
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - O Hunewald
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - O Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - P V Nazarov
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - V Puard
- Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, RPPA platform, Paris, France
| | - V Baus
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - F Azuaje
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - G Dittmar
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - J Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - T Michel
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - S P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Huang F, Schultz B, Menon S, Vawda N, Nijjar Y, Rose B, Dickey M, Trenka K, Zimmer J, Gadbois K, Heikal A, Burke B, Baldwin L, Cuartero J, Wiebe E, Menon G. PO-0172 Towards real-world quality cervical brachytherapy: how convergence met complexity, taxing capacity. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Menon G, Long B, Petit R, Zimmer J, Gadbois K, Niatsetski Y, Wiebe E, Cuartero J, Huang F, Yip E. PO-0214 Investigation of obstructions in ring applicators during pulsed dose rate cervix brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Vogt PH, Bender U, Deibel B, Kiesewetter F, Zimmer J, Strowitzki T. Human AZFb deletions cause distinct testicular pathologies depending on their extensions in Yq11 and the Y haplogroup: new cases and review of literature. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:60. [PMID: 33766143 PMCID: PMC7995748 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic AZFb deletions in Yq11 coined “classical” (i.e. length of Y DNA deletion: 6.23 Mb) are associated with meiotic arrest (MA) of patient spermatogenesis, i.e., absence of any postmeiotic germ cells. These AZFb deletions are caused by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) events between identical sequence blocks located in the proximal arm of the P5 palindrome and within P1.2, a 92 kb long sequence block located in the P1 palindrome structure of AZFc in Yq11. This large genomic Y region includes deletion of 6 protein encoding Y genes, EIFA1Y, HSFY, PRY, RBMY1, RPS4Y, SMCY. Additionally, one copy of CDY2 and XKRY located in the proximal P5 palindrome and one copy of BPY1, two copies of DAZ located in the P2 palindrome, and one copy of CDY1 located proximal to P1.2 are included within this AZFb microdeletion. It overlaps thus distally along 2.3 Mb with the proximal part of the genomic AZFc deletion. However, AZFb deletions have been also reported with distinct break sites in the proximal and/or distal AZFb breakpoint intervals on the Y chromosome of infertile men. These so called “non-classical” AZFb deletions are associated with variable testicular pathologies, including meiotic arrest, cryptozoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, or oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT syndrome), respectively. This raised the question whether there are any specific length(s) of the AZFb deletion interval along Yq11 required to cause meiotic arrest of the patient’s spermatogenesis, respectively, whether there is any single AZFb Y gene deletion also able to cause this “classical” AZFb testicular pathology? Review of the literature and more cases with “classical” and “non-classical” AZFb deletions analysed in our lab since the last 20 years suggests that the composition of the genomic Y sequence in AZFb is variable in men with distinct Y haplogroups especially in the distal AZFb region overlapping with the proximal AZFc deletion interval and that its extension can be “polymorphic” in the P3 palindrome. That means this AZFb subinterval can be rearranged or deleted also on the Y chromosome of fertile men. Any AZFb deletion observed in infertile men with azoospermia should therefore be confirmed as “de novo” mutation event, i.e., not present on the Y chromosome of the patient’s father or fertile brother before it is considered as causative agent for man’s infertility. Moreover, its molecular length in Yq11 should be comparable to that of the “classical” AZFb deletion, before meiotic arrest is prognosed as the patient’s testicular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Vogt
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - U Bender
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Deibel
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Kiesewetter
- Department of Andrology, University Clinic of Dermatology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Zimmer
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Strowitzki
- Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Dunst J, Krug D, Schreiber A, Boicev A, Zimmer J, Laubach R, Weidner N, Dinges S, Hipp M, Schneider R, Weinstrauch E, Martin T, Hörner-Rieber J, Vonthein R, Olbrich D, Illen A, Koenig I, Dellas K. Patient Reported Experience with Treatment Modalities and Safety of Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy - First Results of the Randomized HYPOSIB – Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Vogt PH, Besikoglu B, Bettendorf M, Frank-Herrmann P, Zimmer J, Bender U, Knauer-Fischer S, Choukair D, Sinn P, Lau YFC, Heidemann PH, Strowitzki T. Gonadoblastoma Y locus genes expressed in germ cells of individuals with dysgenetic gonads and a Y chromosome in their karyotypes include DDX3Y and TSPY. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:770-779. [PMID: 30753444 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Which Y genes mapped to the 'Gonadoblastoma Y (GBY)' locus on human Y chromosome are expressed in germ cells of individuals with some Differences of Sexual Development (DSD) and a Y chromosome in their karyotype (DSD-XY groups)? SUMMARY ANSWER The GBY candidate genes DDX3Y and TSPY are expressed in the germ cells of DSD-XY patients from distinct etiologies: patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and sex chromosome mosaics (45,X0/46,XY; 46,XX/46,XY); patients with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS), patients with complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD; e.g. Swyer syndrome). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A GBY locus was proposed to be present on the human Y chromosome because only DSD patients with a Y chromosome in their karyotype have a high-although variable-risk (up to 55%) for germ cell tumour development. GBY was mapped to the proximal part of the short and long Y arm. TSPY located in the proximal part of the short Y arm (Yp11.1) was found to be a strong GBY candidate gene. It is expressed in the germ cells of DSD-XY patients with distinct etiologies but also in foetal and pre-meiotic male spermatogonia. However, the GBY region extends to proximal Yq11 and therefore includes probably more than one candidate gene. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Protein expression of the putative GBY candidate gene in proximal Yq11, DDX3Y, is compared with that of TSPY in serial gonadal tissue sections of 40 DSD-XY individuals from the three DSD patient groups (MGD, Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [CAIS], CGD) with and without displaying malignancy. Expression of OCT3/4 in the same tissue samples marks the rate of pluripotent germ cells. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHOD A total of 145 DSD individuals were analysed for the Y chromosome to select the DSD-XY subgroup. PCR multiplex assays with Y gene specific marker set score for putative microdeletions in GBY Locus. Immunohistochemical experiments with specific antisera mark expression of the GBY candidate proteins, DDX3Y, TSPY, in serial sections of the gonadal tissue samples; OCT3/4 expression analyses in parallel reveal the pluripotent germ cell fraction. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Similar DDX3Y and TSPY protein expression patterns were found in the germ cells of DSD-XY patients from each subgroup, independent of age. In CAIS patients OCT3/4 expression was often found only in a fraction of these germ cells. This suggest that GBY candidate proteins are also expressed in the non-malignant germ cells of DSD-XY individuals like in male spermatogonia. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Variation of the expression profiles of GBY candidate genes in the germ cells of some DSD-XY individuals suggests distinct transcriptional and translational control mechanisms which are functioning during expression of these Y genes in the DSD-XY germ cells. Their proposed GBY tumour susceptibility function to transform these germ cells to pre-malignant GB/Germ Cell Neoplasia in Situ (GB/GCNIS) cells seems therefore to be limited and depending on their state of pluripotency. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These experimental findings are of general importance for each individual identified in the clinic with DSD and a Y chromosome in the karyotype. To judge their risk of germ cell tumour development, OCT3/4 expression analyses on their gonadal tissue section is mandatory to reveal the fraction of germ cells still being pluripotent. Comparative expression analysis of the GBY candidate genes can be helpful to reveal the fraction of germ cells with genetically still activated Y chromosomes contributing to further development of malignancy if at high expression level. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research project was supported by a grant (01GM0627) from the BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung), Germany to P.H.V. and B.B. The authors have no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Vogt
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Besikoglu
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Novum, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Akazienallee 8, Essen, Germany
| | - M Bettendorf
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Frank-Herrmann
- Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Zimmer
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Bender
- Division of Reproduction Genetics, Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Knauer-Fischer
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Choukair
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Sinn
- Division of Gynaecopathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y-F C Lau
- Division of Cell & Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VAMC 111C5, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P H Heidemann
- Children Hospital Augsburg I, Academic Hospital of University of Munich, Stenglinstraβe 2, Augsburg, Germany
| | - T Strowitzki
- Department of Gynaecol. Endocrinology & Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Jansen-Winkeln B, Thieme R, Haase L, Niebisch S, Pommer C, Lyros O, Zimmer J, Lordick F, Remane Y, Frontini R, Gockel I. [Perioperative safety of intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy : Analysis of our first 111 pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) procedures]. Chirurg 2019; 90:137-145. [PMID: 29947920 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-018-0667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a new tool in the treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The aerosol containing chemotherapeutic drugs is administered laparoscopically into the abdominal cavity to achieve a local treatment effect. This can be carried out in combination with systemic chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Within the framework of a register study, we prospectively documented and evaluated the data of our first 111 PIPAC procedures. The analysis focused on perioperative patient safety and safety at the workplace. Perioperative clinical patient data were analyzed and the platinum concentration in the operating room was checked by wipe samples. RESULTS A total of 62 patients were scheduled for PIPAC and 121 operations were carried out. In 9 procedures a secure access to the abdomen could not be found and 54 patients received 111 PIPAC treatments. One patient died as a result of intestinal perforation, six bowel lesions were treated immediately and healed without further complications. A further patient developed a postoperative renal failure. Otherwise, there was no major complications and no cases of toxicity. CONCLUSION The PIPAC procedure can be used as a supplement to systemic drug treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis. An exact selection of suitable patients is important. The PIPAC is a low-risk procedure when performed under strict inclusion criteria and under standardized conditions, for the patients and also the surgical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jansen-Winkeln
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
| | - R Thieme
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - L Haase
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - S Niebisch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - C Pommer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - O Lyros
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - J Zimmer
- Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - F Lordick
- Universitäres Krebszentrum Leipzig (UCCL), Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Y Remane
- Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - R Frontini
- Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - I Gockel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
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Sims JR, Selzler KJ, Downing AM, Willis BA, Aluise CD, Zimmer J, Bragg S, Andersen S, Ayan-Oshodi M, Liffick E, Eads J, Wessels AM, Monk S, Schumi J, Mullen J. Development Review of the BACE1 Inhibitor Lanabecestat (AZD3293/LY3314814). J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2018; 5:214-215. [PMID: 29181490 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several ongoing clinical development programs are investigating potential disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD), including lanabecestat (AZD3293/LY3314814). Lanabecestat is a brain-permeable oral inhibitor of human beta-site amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) that reduces Aβ production. As a potent BACE1 inhibitor, lanabecestat significantly reduced soluble Aβ species and soluble amyloid precursor proteins (sAPPβ) in mouse, guinea pig, and dog in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Significant reductions in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were observed in Phase 1 studies of healthy subjects and AD patients treated with lanabecestat. Three lanabecestat trials are ongoing and intended to support registration in Early AD: (1) Phase 2/3 study in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD and mild AD dementia (AMARANTH, NCT02245737); (2) Delayed-start extension study (AMARANTH-EXTENSION, NCT02972658) for patients who have completed treatment in the AMARANTH Study; and (3) Phase 3 study in mild AD dementia (DAYBREAK-ALZ, NCT02783573). This review will discuss the development of lanabecestat, results from the completed nonclinical and clinical studies, as well as describe the ongoing Phase 3 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Sims
- John R. Sims, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, , +1-317-209-6229
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12
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Braicu E, Sehouli J, Richter R, Vergote I, Concin N, van Nieuwenhuysen E, Achimas P, Berger A, Fetica B, Mahner S, Glajzer J, Papadia A, Woelber L, Gasparri M, Vanderstichele A, Benedetti Panici P, Mueller M, Ruscito I, Zimmer J, Woopen H. Preoperative c-reactive protein and thrombocyte count as potential markers for longterm survival in ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy285.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Zimmer J, Bonertz A, Vieths S. Quality requirements for allergen extracts and allergoids for allergen immunotherapy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45 Suppl 1:4-11. [PMID: 29128092 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
All allergen products for allergen immunotherapy currently marketed in the European Union are pharmaceutical preparations derived from allergen-containing source materials like pollens, mites and moulds. Especially this natural origin results in particular demands for the regulatory requirements governing allergen products. Furthermore, the development of regulatory requirements is complicated by the so far missing universal link between certain quality parameters, in particular biological potency, on the one hand and clinical efficacy on the other hand. As a consequence, each allergen product for specific immunotherapy has to be assessed individually for its quality, safety and efficacy. At the same time, biological potency of allergen products is most commonly determined using IgE inhibition assays based on human sera relative to product-specific in house references, ruling out full comparability of products from different manufacturers. This review article aims to summarize the current quality requirements for allergen products including the special requirements implemented for control of chemically modified allergen extracts (allergoids).
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Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is known to occur in families. The reported overall incidence of familial cases is 7.6%, with a higher incidence of 15-21% in total colonic aganglionosis and 50% in the rare total intestinal aganglionosis. HSCR is extremely rare in twins. The aim of this study was to systematically analyse the patterns of HSCR in twins published in the literature. METHODS Electronic databases Pubmed and Medline were screened for relevant articles using the keywords "Hirschsprung's disease", "aganglionosis", "twins", "monozygotic", and "dizygotic". Examining reference lists identified further relevant papers. MAIN RESULTS Twelve studies with a total of 18 twin pairs were included in this analysis. 67% twins were discordant. HSCR was found in 24 out of 36 twin subjects (67%), of which 83% affected were male. Rectosigmoid type was reported in 71% of patients, long-segment disease in 21, and 8% presented with a total aganglionosis. Three twin pairs had at least one family member affected with HSCR. CONCLUSION HSCR was found in two-thirds of twin subjects with a male predominance. Rectosigmoid aganglionosis was the most common variant. Disease discordance was identified, where environmental insults were postulated to be predisposing factors to disease expression. Future studies investigating the disease-associated mutations in the already identified HSCR genes should provide insights into the genetic basis of HSCR in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Henderson
- Royal College of Surgeons, in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Nakamura
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Schulz MK, McNulty JA, Handa RJ, Hogan TP, Tillotson GL, Shaw PL, Zimmer J, Castro AJ. Fetal Neocortical Transplants Grafted into Neocortical Lesion Cavities Made in Newborn Rats: An Analysis of Transplant Integration with the Host Brain. Cell Transplant 2017; 4:123-32. [PMID: 7728326 DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal neocortical transplants placed into frontal cortex aspiration lesion cavities in newborn rats have been shown to survive and exchange connections with the host brain. To further study the afferent innervation of such transplants, enzyme- and immunohistochemical techniques were employed to examine the distribution of cholinergic, cat-echolaminergic and serotonergic fibers within the transplants, and radiochemical enzyme assays and high performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the content of neurotransmitter markers for these same fiber systems. To examine functional integration of the transplanted neurons in terms of activation of molecular signaling systems, the graft recipient animals were exposed to a novel open field environment. This behavioral testing paradigm is known to induce c-fos mRNA and Fos protein within several areas of the normal brain, including the sensorimotor cortex. Subsequent detection of the induction of this particular immediate early gene (transcription as well as translation) in the grafts would accordingly indicate genomic activation and therefore functional integration at the level of molecular signaling systems. Our results showed that these global fiber systems are distributed evenly throughout the extent of three mo old neocortical grafts and that the content of transmitter-related markers for these systems do not differ significantly from control cortex. Open field exposure of the grafted animals resulted in c-fos mRNA and Fos protein expression of cells distributed throughout the transplants. We conclude that the “global” fiber system innervation of neocortical transplants placed into newborn rats is similar to the innervation of normal cortex and that grafted neurons respond to host brain activation at the level of molecular signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Schulz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Abstract
Intracerebral grafting of porcine fetal brain cells is a potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Although it is well known that the survival of fetal pig brain cells in the rat brain requires immunosuppression, the response of human T lymphocytes to fetal pig brain cells is unknown. Here we report on the proliferative response of human T lymphocytes to freshly isolated cells and 14-18 days cultured cells from 28- or 35-day-old porcine fetal brains. After 5 days of mixed lymphocyte-brain cell culture, we observed no or only minor T cell responses to the freshly isolated brain cells, while both CD4 cells and CD8 cells proliferated in response to the cultured brain cells. Pretreatment of the cultured brain cells with heat-inactivated human serum significantly reduced the proliferative T cell response. The data suggest that the porcine fetal brain contains cells that can stimulate the human cellular immune system, and that this stimulation may be reduced by pretreatment of the fetal pig brain cells with human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brevig
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense University, Odense C, Denmark
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17
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Dall AM, Danielsen EH, Sørensen JC, Andersen F, Møller A, Zimmer J, Gjedde AH, Cumming P, Zimmer J, Brevig T, Dall AM, Meyer M, Pedersen EB, Gjedde A, Danielsen EH, Cumming P, Andersen F, Bender D, Falborg L, Gee A, Gillings NM, Hansen SB, Hermansen F, Jørgensen HA, Munk O, Poulsen PH, Rodell AB, Sakoh M, Simonsen CZ, Smith DF, Sørensen JC, Østergård L, Moller A, Johansen TE. Quantitative [18F]Fluorodopa/PET and Histology of Fetal Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Grafts to the Striatum of MPTP-Poisoned Minipigs. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional restoration of the dopamine innervation of striatum in MPTP-poisoned Göttingen minipigs was assessed for 6 months following grafting of fetal pig mesencephalic neurons. Pigs were assigned to a normal control group and a MPTP-poisoned group, members of which received no further treatment, or which received bilateral grafts to the striatum of tissue blocks harvested from E28 fetal pig mesencephalon with and without immunosuppressive treatment after grafting, or with additional co-grafting with immortalized rat neural cells transfected to produce GDNF. In the baseline condition, and again at 3 and 6 months postsurgery, all animals were subjected to quantitative [18F]fluorodopa PET scans and testing for motor impairment. At the end of 6 months, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons were counted in the grafts by stereological methods. The MPTP poisoning persistently reduced the magnitude of k3D, the relative activity of DOPA decarboxylase in striatum, by 60%. Grafting restored the rate of [18F]fluorodopa decarboxylation to the normal range, and normalized the scores in motor function. The biochemical and functional recovery was associated with survival of approximately 100,000 TH-positive graft neurons in each hemisphere. Immunosuppression did not impart a greater recovery of [18F]fluorodopa uptake, nor were the number of TH-positive graft neurons or the volumes of the grafts increased in the immunosuppressed group. Contrary to expectation, co-grafting of transfected GDNF-expressing HiB5 cells, a rat-derived neural cell line, tended to impair the survival of the grafts with the lowest values for graft volumes, TH-positive cell numbers, behavioral scores, and relative DOPA decarboxylase activity. From the results we conclude that pig ventral mesencephalic allografts can restore functional dopamine innervation in adult MPTP-lesioned minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Møller Dall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Jens Zimmer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Albert H. Gjedde
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Cumming
- PET Centre, Aarhus General Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J. Zimmer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - T. Brevig
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - A. M. Dall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - M. Meyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - E. B. Pedersen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - A. Gjedde
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - E. H. Danielsen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - P. Cumming
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - F. Andersen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - D. Bender
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - L. Falborg
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - A. Gee
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - N. M. Gillings
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - S. B. Hansen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - F. Hermansen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - H. A. Jørgensen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - O. Munk
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - P. H. Poulsen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - A. B. Rodell
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - M. Sakoh
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - C. Z. Simonsen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - D. F. Smith
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - J. C. Sørensen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - L. Østergård
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
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Zimmer J, Döring S, Strecker D, Trösemeier JH, Hanschmann KM, Führer F, Vieths S, Kaul S. Minor allergen patterns in birch pollen allergen products-A question of pollen? Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1079-1091. [PMID: 28493312 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrary to the scientific differentiation between major and minor allergens, the regulatory framework controlling allergen products in the EU distinguishes relevant and non-relevant allergens. Given the lack of knowledge on their clinical relevance, minor allergens are usually not controlled by allergen product specifications. Especially, in birch pollen (BP) allergen products, minor allergens are commonly disregarded. OBJECTIVES To quantify three minor allergens in BP allergen products from different manufacturers and to assess the influence of the utilized BP on minor allergen patterns. METHODS Apart from common quality parameters such as Bet v 1 content, Bet v 4, Bet v 6 and Bet v 7 were quantified in 70 BP allergen product batches from six manufacturers, using ELISA systems developed in-house. Batch-to-batch variability was checked for agreement with a variability margin of 50%-200% from mean of the given batches for individual allergen content. Subsequently, minor allergen patterns were generated via multidimensional scaling and related to information on the pollen lots used in production of the respective product batches. RESULTS Like the already established Bet v 4 ELISA, the ELISA systems for quantification of Bet v 6 and Bet v 7 were successfully validated. Differences in minor allergen content between products and batch-to-batch consistency were observed. Correlations between minor and major allergen content were low to moderate. About 20% of batches exceeded the variability margin for at least one minor allergen. Interestingly, these fluctuations could not in all cases be linked to the use of certain BP lots. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The impact of the observed minor allergen variability on safety and efficacy of BP allergen products can currently not be estimated. As the described differences could only in few cases be related to the used pollen lots, it is evident that additional factors influence minor allergens in BP allergen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - S Döring
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - D Strecker
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - J H Trösemeier
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - K M Hanschmann
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - F Führer
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - S Kaul
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Kaul S, Zimmer J, Dehus O, Constanzo A, Daas A, Buchheit KH, Asturias J, Arilla MC, Barber D, Bertocchi A, Brunetto B, Carnes JA, Chapman M, Chaudemanche G, Dayan-Kenigsberg J, Döring S, Führer F, Gallego MT, Iacovacci P, Hanschmann KM, Holzhauser T, Hrabina M, Ledesma A, Moingeon P, Nony E, Pini C, Plunkett G, Raulf M, Reese G, Sandberg E, Sander I, Smith B, Strecker D, Valerio C, van Ree R, Weber B, Vieths S. Validation of ELISA methods for quantification of the major birch allergen Bet v 1 (BSP090). Pharmeur Bio Sci Notes 2017; 2017:69-87. [PMID: 29143737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, the potency of allergen products in Europe is expressed in manufacturer-specific units relative to a product-specific in-house reference. Consequently, cross-product comparability of allergen products from different manufacturers with respect to strength and efficacy is impossible. The Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) project BSP090 addresses this issue via the establishment of reference standards in conjunction with ELISA methods for the quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Since the initiation of BSP090, the recombinant major allergen Bet v 1 has been adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission as a Chemical Reference Substance (CRS). In parallel, two sandwich ELISA systems for quantification of Bet v 1 were found suitable in preliminary phases of BSP090 to be validated in a large collaborative study. In this study, the candidate ELISA systems were compared with respect to accuracy, precision and variability. Thirteen participating laboratories tested model samples containing the CRS as well as spiked and unspiked birch pollen extracts. Both in pre-testing and in the collaborative study, the 2 candidate ELISA systems confirmed their suitability to quantify recombinant and native Bet v 1. As no clear-cut decision for one of the ELISA systems could be made based on the results of the collaborative study, a post-study testing was performed. Bet v 1 content of 30 birch pollen allergen products was determined in parallel in both ELISA systems. Consequently, 1 candidate ELISA system was selected to be proposed as the future European Pharmacopoeia standard method for Bet v 1 quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaul
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - J Zimmer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - O Dehus
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - A Constanzo
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Daas
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - K-H Buchheit
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - J Asturias
- Roxall Medicina España, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 401, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - M C Arilla
- Roxall Medicina España, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 401, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - D Barber
- ALK-Abelló S.A., Miguel Fleta 19, ES-28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bertocchi
- ANSM, 143 boulevard Anatole France, 93285 Saint Denis Cedex, France
| | - B Brunetto
- ISS CNCF, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Carnes
- Laboratorios Leti S.L., Calle Del Sol 5, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - M Chapman
- Indoor Biotechnologies, 700 Harris Street, 22903 Charlotteville, USA
| | - G Chaudemanche
- ANSM, 143 boulevard Anatole France, 93285 Saint Denis Cedex, France
| | | | - S Döring
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - F Führer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - M T Gallego
- Laboratorios Leti S.L., Calle Del Sol 5, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - P Iacovacci
- ISS CNCF, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - K M Hanschmann
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - T Holzhauser
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - M Hrabina
- Stallergenes Greer, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92183 Antony Cedex, France
| | - A Ledesma
- ALK-Abelló S.A., Miguel Fleta 19, ES-28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Moingeon
- Stallergenes Greer, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92183 Antony Cedex, France
| | - E Nony
- Stallergenes Greer, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92183 Antony Cedex, France
| | - C Pini
- ISS CNCF, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - G Plunkett
- ALK-Abelló Inc., 1700 Royston Lane, Round Rock, Texas 78664, USA
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Reese
- Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG, Hermann-Kröner-Str. 52, D-21465 Reinbek, Germany
| | - E Sandberg
- Danish Medicines Agency, Axel Heides Gade 1, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - I Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - B Smith
- Indoor Biotechnologies, 700 Harris Street, 22903 Charlotteville, USA
| | - D Strecker
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - C Valerio
- Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - R van Ree
- Academic Medical Centre, Meigbergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Weber
- Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG, Hermann-Kröner-Str. 52, D-21465 Reinbek, Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
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Zimmer J, Takahashi T, Hofmann AD, Puri P. Downregulation of Forkhead box F1 gene expression in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:1121-1126. [PMID: 27663689 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-3967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High mortality and morbidity in infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are attributed to pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are known to be crucial for cell proliferation and homeostasis. FoxF1 is essential for lung morphogenesis, vascular development, and endothelial proliferation. Mutations in FoxF1 and also the Fox family member FoxC2 have been identified in neonates with PH. In human and experimental models of arterial PH, the Fox protein FoxO1 was found to be downregulated. We hypothesized that Fox expression is altered in the lungs of the nitrofen-induced CDH rat model and investigated the expression of FoxF1, FoxC2, and FoxO1. METHODS Following ethical approval (Rec 913b), time-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21, inspected for CDH and divided into CDH (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). Gene expression of FoxF1, FoxC2, and FoxO1 was evaluated with qRT-PCR. Detected alterations of mRNA levels were subsequently assessed on the protein level by performing western blot analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS The relative mRNA level of FoxF1 was significantly downregulated in CDH lungs compared to controls (FoxF1 CDH 1.047 ± 0.108, FoxF1 Ctrl 1.419 ± 0.01, p = 0.014). Relative mRNA levels of FoxC2 and FoxO1 were not found to be altered between the experimental groups (FoxC2 CDH 30.74 ± 8.925, FoxC2 Ctrl 27.408 ± 7.487, p = 0.776; FoxO1 CDH 0.011 ± 0.002, FoxO1 Ctrl 0.011 ± 0.001, p = 0.809). On the protein level, western blotting demonstrated a reduced pulmonary protein expression of FoxF1 in CDH lungs. Confocal microscopy showed a markedly diminished expression of FoxF1 in the pulmonary vasculature of CDH lungs compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a strikingly reduced expression of FoxF1 in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH. Altered FoxF1 gene expression during embryogenesis may participate in vascular maldevelopment resulting in PH in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A D Hofmann
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Kaul S, Zimmer J, Dehus O, Costanzo A, Daas A, Buchheit KH, Asturias JA, Barber D, Carnés J, Chapman M, Dayan-Kenigsberg J, Döring S, Führer F, Hanschmann KM, Holzhauser T, Ledesma A, Moingeon P, Nony E, Pini C, Plunkett G, Reese G, Sandberg E, Sander I, Strecker D, Valerio C, van Ree R, Vieths S. Standardization of allergen products: 3. Validation of candidate European Pharmacopoeia standard methods for quantification of major birch allergen Bet v 1. Allergy 2016; 71:1414-24. [PMID: 27018782 DOI: 10.1111/all.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BSP090 project aims at establishing European Pharmacopoeia Reference Substances in combination with the corresponding ELISA methods for the quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Two sandwich ELISAs proved suitable for quantification of Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, in preceding phases of BSP090. METHODS Two Bet v 1-specific ELISA systems were compared with respect to accuracy and precision in a ring trial including 13 laboratories. Model samples containing recombinant rBet v 1.0101 as well as native birch pollen extracts were measured independently at least three times in each facility. The assessment was completed with a comparative quantification of Bet v 1 in 30 marketed birch allergen products in one laboratory, simulating the future use as reference method. RESULTS In the collaborative study, both candidate ELISAs confirmed their suitability to quantify recombinant and native Bet v 1. ELISA-A showed higher precision and lower interlaboratory variability, yet ELISA-B exhibited slightly higher accuracy. Subsequent parallel measurement of Bet v 1 in a panel of 'real-life' birch allergen products indicated better repeatability of ELISA-B. Both systems detected substantial differences in Bet v 1 content between allergen products, but the effect was more pronounced using ELISA-B due to persistently higher values compared to ELISA-A. CONCLUSIONS In the collaborative study, no deciding differences were observed between the two candidate ELISAs. Further comparison under conditions simulating the intended use combined with the criterion of long-term availability enabled the selection of one Bet v 1-specific ELISA for proposal as European Pharmacopoeia standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kaul
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - J. Zimmer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - O. Dehus
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - A. Costanzo
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM); Strasbourg France
| | - A. Daas
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM); Strasbourg France
| | - K. H. Buchheit
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM); Strasbourg France
| | | | | | - J. Carnés
- Laboratorios Leti S.L.; Tres Cantos Spain
| | - M. Chapman
- Indoor Biotechnologies; Charlottesville VA USA
| | | | - S. Döring
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - F. Führer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - E. Nony
- Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | | | | | - G. Reese
- Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG; Reinbek Germany
| | - E. Sandberg
- Danish Medicines Agency; Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - I. Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance; Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA); Bochum Germany
| | | | - C. Valerio
- Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring MD USA
| | - R. van Ree
- Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - S. Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
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Stelzner S, Jackisch T, Sims A, Kittner T, Puffer E, Zimmer J, Bleyl D, Witzigmann H. Langzeitergebnisse der Extra-Levatorischen Abdomino-Perinealen Exstirpation (ELAPE) bei tiefsitzendem Rektumkarziom. Zentralbl Chir 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several operative techniques have been developed for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in the past decades. Since one-stage transanal pull-through (TAPT) was first performed in 1998, multiple studies have shown favourable short-and midterm results compared to other techniques with shorter operation length, shorter hospital stay and lower complication rates. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the longterm results following TAPT for HD. METHODS A systematic literature search for relevant articles was performed in four databases using the following terms "Hirschsprung/Hirschsprung's disease", "aganglionosis", "transanal", "pullthrough/pull-through", "longterm/long-term" "results", "follow-up" and "outcome". A meta-analysis was conducted for relevant articles for one-stage transanal pull-through for HD with a minimal follow-up of median 36 months regarding constipation, incontinence/soiling, enterocolitis and secondary operations. Odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Six studies with 316 patients matched the set criteria and were included in this analysis. Overall 45 (14.2 %) patients had disturbances of bowel function (OR 0.05, 95 % CI 0.03-0.07, p < 0.00001). Of these, 24 (53.3 %) patients experienced constipation, 8 (17.8 %) incontinence/soiling and 13 (28.9 %) enterocolitis. 10 (3.2 %) patients developed complications requiring secondary surgery. Most patients had a daily defecation frequency of 1-3 bowel movements 3 years postoperatively, resembling the stooling patterns of healthy controls. CONCLUSION Nearly 15 % of all patients operated with TAPT for HD continue to experience persistent bowel symptoms with constipation as the main problem. Further studies on the long-term outcome of children operated with this technique for HD are necessary to evaluate stooling patterns, urinary and sexual function as well as general quality of life during adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Tomuschat
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Wedi E, Müller S, Neusser M, Vogt PH, Tkachenko OY, Zimmer J, Smeets D, Michelmann HW, Nayudu PL. Detection of cross-sex chimerism in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) in interphase cells using fluorescence in situ hybridisation probes specific for the marmoset X and Y chromosomes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 29:RD15321. [PMID: 26876539 DOI: 10.1071/rd15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimerism associated with placental sharing in marmosets has been traditionally analysed using conventional chromosome staining on metaphase spreads or polymerase chain reaction. However, the former technique requires the presence of proliferating cells, whereas the latter may be associated with possible blood cell contamination. Therefore, we aimed to develop a single-cell analysis technique for sexing marmoset cells. We applied fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) to cell nuclei using differentially labelled X and Y chromosome-specific probes. Herein we present the validation of this method in metaphase cells from a marmoset lymphoblastoid cell line, as well as application of the method for evaluation of cross-sex chimerism in interphase blood lymphocytes and haematopoietic bone marrow cells from marmosets of same- and mixed-sex litters. The results show conclusively that haematopoietic cells of bone marrow and leucocytes from blood are cross-sex chimeric when the litter is mixed sex. In addition, single samples of liver and spleen cell suspensions from one individual were tested. Cross-sex chimerism was observed in the spleen but not in liver cells. We conclude that FISH is the method of choice to identify cross-sex chimerism, especially when combined with morphological identification of nuclei of different cell types, which will allow a targeted tissue-specific analysis.
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Luiz T, Scherer G, Wickenkamp A, Blaschke F, Hoffmann W, Schiffer M, Zimmer J, Schaefer S, Voigt C. [Prehospital analgesia by paramedics in Rhineland-Palatinate : Feasability, analgesic effectiveness and safety of intravenous paracetamol]. Anaesthesist 2015; 64:927-936. [PMID: 26497656 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-015-0089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to the widespread practice in life-threatening emergencies, delegation of medical pain therapy to paramedics by the medical director of Emergency Medical Services, EMS, are still the exception in Germany. This is due to the fact that in non-life-threatening situations, the expected benefit and potential side effects of drug therapy have to be carefully weighed. In addition, in Germany federal law generally restricts the administration of opiates to physicians. METHODS In 2011 the medical directors of EMS in the German state of Rhineland- Palatinate (4 million inhabitants) developed and implemented a standard operating procedure (SOP) for paramedics related to the prehospital parenteral administration of paracetamol for patients with isolated limb trauma. After a 2 h training session and examination, paramedics were authorized to administer 1 g of paracetamol to patients with a pain score > 5 points on an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS). For purposes of quality management, every administration of paracetamol had to be prospectively documented on a specific electronic mission form. RESULTS A total of 416 mission forms could be analyzed. After administration of paracetamol the median NRS score decreased from 8 points (interquartile range: 6; 8) to 4 points (interquartile range: 3; 7). In 51.2 % of the patients the pain intensity was reduced by at least 3 NRS points and in 50.5 % of the patients the NRS was less than 5 points after treatment. The extent of pain reduction was positively correlated with the initial NRS value (r = 0.31, p < 0.0001). No serious side effects were noted. The percentage of patients with an initial heart rate > 100/min declined from 14.6 % to 5.2 % after the administration of paracetamol (p < 0.0001), 18.7 % of the patients received paracetamol for trauma not related to the extremities and 7 % of the patients for nontraumatic pain. An emergency physician was involved in 50 % of the EMS missions and 98.6 % of the patients were transported to a hospital for further diagnostics and treatment. CONCLUSION The prehospital intravenous administration of paracetamol by paramedics to patients with limb trauma is simple, safe and in 50 % of the patients effective in achieving a NRS value < 5; however, further improvements in prehospital pain therapy initiated by paramedics are desirable, especially in patients with an initial NRS value > 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Luiz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Notfallmedizin & Informationstechnologie, Fraunhofer IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland. .,Klinik für Anästhesie, Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin 1, Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland.
| | - G Scherer
- Rettungsdienstbereiche Rheinhessen & Bad Kreuznach, Ingelheim am Rhein, Deutschland
| | - A Wickenkamp
- Deutsches Zentrum für Notfallmedizin & Informationstechnologie, Fraunhofer IESE, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland
| | - F Blaschke
- Rettungsdienstbereiche Ludwigshafen & Südpfalz, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
| | - W Hoffmann
- Rettungsdienstbereich Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland
| | - M Schiffer
- Rettungsdienstbereich Trier, Trier, Deutschland
| | - J Zimmer
- Rettungsdienstbereich Trier, Trier, Deutschland
| | - S Schaefer
- Rettungsdienstbereiche Koblenz & Montabaur, Koblenz, Deutschland
| | - C Voigt
- Rettungsdienstbereiche Koblenz & Montabaur, Koblenz, Deutschland
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Abstract
PURPOSE Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system, which occurs due to the failure of neural crest cell migration. Rodent animal models of aganglionosis have contributed greatly to our understanding of the genetic basis of HSCR. Several natural or target mutations in specific genes have been reported to produce developmental defects in neural crest migration, differentiation or survival. The aim of this study was to review the currently available knockout models of HSCR to better understand the molecular basis of HSCR. METHODS A review of the literature using the keywords "Hirschsprung's disease", "aganglionosis", "megacolon" and "knockout mice model" was performed. Resulting publications were reviewed for relevant mouse models of human aganglionosis. Reference lists were screened for additional relevant studies. RESULTS 16 gene knockout mouse models were identified as relevant rodent models of human HSCR. Due to the deletion of a specific gene, the phenotypes of these knockout models are diverse and range from small bowel dilatation and muscular hypertrophy to total intestinal aganglionosis. CONCLUSIONS Mouse models of aganglionosis have been instrumental in the discovery of the causative genes of HSCR. Although important advances have been made in understanding the genetic basis of HSCR, animal models of aganglionosis in future should further help to identify the unknown susceptibility genes in HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zimmer
- Chair of plastics processing technology; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, TU Dortmund University; Leonhard-Euler-Str. 5 44227 Dortmund
| | - G. Chauvin
- Nestle R&D Center; CT-Pack, 29 Quality Road 618802 Singapore
| | - M. Stommel
- Chair of plastics processing technology; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, TU Dortmund University; Leonhard-Euler-Str. 5 44227 Dortmund
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Zimmer J. Microcolon: With Report of Two Cases. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418514802900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Zimmer J. Planigraphy of the Temporal Bone. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418515203700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Zimmer J. Examination of the Esophagus with Abdominal Compression. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418516205700202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bilku D, Zimmer J, Hall T, Chung W, Stover C, Dennison A. Effect of parenteral omega-3 fish oil on C3 levels and mortality in septic patients on Intensive Care Unit. Int J Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.06.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Henni A, Lee S, Kelly S, Zimmer J, Dehghani P, Lavoie A. Working Together for Primary Prevention: Training Medical Students’ to Provide Smoking Cessation Counseling. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Dunst J, Schreiber A, Zimmer J, Dinges S, Boicev A, Andreas P, Klug M, Winkler C, Krockenberger K, Dellas K. Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy With Simultaneous Boost After Breast-Conserving Therapy: First Results of a Multicentric Phase 2 Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Finsen BR, Sørensen T, González B, Castellano B, Zimmer J. Immunological reactions to neural grafts in the central nervous system. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2012; 2:271-82. [PMID: 21551613 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-1991-245616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunological rejection is a lasting, although highly variable, threat to allo- and xenogeneic neural tissue grafted to the CNS of rodents, monkeys and man. One major determinant for rejection of intracerebral CNS grafts appears to be induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on the donor CNS cells. We have previously examined the cellular immune response against neural mouse xenografts undergoing rejection in the adult rat brain. In this study we focus on the astro- and microglial reactions within and around the graft, and the potential of individual host rat and donor mouse brain cells to express MHC antigens. Previous light microscopical observations of expression of rat MHC antigen class I by endothelial cells, microglial cells, and invading leukocytes were extended to the ultrastructural level and found to include a few astrocytes. Rat and mouse MHC antigen class II was only detected on leukocytes and activated microglial cells. The findings imply that within grafts of brain or spinal cord tissue donor astrocytes, microglial cells and endothelial cells can be induced to act as target cells for class I specific host T cytotoxic cells, while only (graft and host) microglial cells can be induced to express MHC antigen class II and present antigen to sensitized (and possibly also resting) host T helper cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Finsen
- PharmaBiolec, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus (Denmark)
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35
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Gueler B, Sonne SB, Zimmer J, Hilscher B, Hilscher W, Græm N, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Vogt PH. AZFa protein DDX3Y is differentially expressed in human male germ cells during development and in testicular tumours: new evidence for phenotypic plasticity of germ cells. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1547-55. [PMID: 22466863 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DDX3Y (DBY), located within AZoospermia Factor a (AZFa) region of the human Y chromosome (Yq11), encodes a conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase expressed only in germ cells and with a putative function at G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Deletion of AZFa results most often in germ cell aplasia, i.e. Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. To investigate the function of DDX3Y during human spermatogenesis, we examined its expression during development and maturation of the testis and in several types of testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs), including the pre-invasive carcinoma in situ (CIS) precursor cells which are believed to originate from fetal gonocytes. METHODS DDX3Y protein expression was analysed during development in different tissues by western blotting. The localization of DDX3Y in normal fetal and prepubertal testis tissue of different ages as well as in a series of distinct TGCT tissue samples (CIS, classical seminoma, spermatocytic seminoma, teratoma and embryonal carcinoma) was performed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Germ cell-specific expression of DDX3Y protein was revealed in fetal prospermatogonia but not in gonocytes and not before the 17th gestational week. After birth, DDX3Y was expressed at first only in the nuclei of Ap spermatogonia, then also in the cytoplasm similarly to that seen after puberty. In CIS cells, DDX3Y was highly expressed and located predominantly in the nuclei. In invasive TGCT, significant DDX3Y expression was found in seminomas of the classical and spermatocytic type, but not in somatically differentiated non-seminomas, consistent with its germ-cell specific function. CONCLUSIONS The fetal germ cell DDX3Y expression suggests a role in early spermatogonial proliferation and implies that, in men with AZFa deletion, germ cell depletion may begin prenatally. The strong expression of DDX3Y in CIS cells, but not in gonocytes, indicates phenotypic plasticity of CIS cells and suggests partial maturation to spermatogonia, likely due to their postpubertal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gueler
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zimmer J, Lange B, Frick JS, Sauer H, Zimmermann K, Schwiertz A, Rusch K, Klosterhalfen S, Enck P. A vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human colonic faecal microbiota. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011. [PMID: 21811294 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Consisting of ≈10(14) microbial cells, the intestinal microbiota represents the largest and the most complex microbial community inhabiting the human body. However, the influence of regular diets on the microbiota is widely unknown. SUBJECTS/METHODS We examined faecal samples of vegetarians (n=144), vegans (n=105) and an equal number of control subjects consuming ordinary omnivorous diet who were matched for age and gender. We used classical bacteriological isolation, identification and enumeration of the main anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and computed absolute and relative numbers that were compared between groups. RESULTS Total counts of Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae spp. were significantly lower (P=0.001, P=0.002, P=0.006 and P=0.008, respectively) in vegan samples than in controls, whereas others (E. coli biovars, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., other Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Citrobacter spp. and Clostridium spp.) were not. Subjects on a vegetarian diet ranked between vegans and controls. The total microbial count did not differ between the groups. In addition, subjects on a vegan or vegetarian diet showed significantly (P=0.0001) lower stool pH than did controls, and stool pH and counts of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly correlated across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a strict vegan or vegetarian diet results in a significant shift in the microbiota while total cell numbers remain unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Zimmer J, Lange B, Frick JS, Sauer H, Zimmermann K, Schwiertz A, Rusch K, Klosterhalfen S, Enck P. A vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human colonic faecal microbiota. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:53-60. [PMID: 21811294 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Consisting of ≈10(14) microbial cells, the intestinal microbiota represents the largest and the most complex microbial community inhabiting the human body. However, the influence of regular diets on the microbiota is widely unknown. SUBJECTS/METHODS We examined faecal samples of vegetarians (n=144), vegans (n=105) and an equal number of control subjects consuming ordinary omnivorous diet who were matched for age and gender. We used classical bacteriological isolation, identification and enumeration of the main anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and computed absolute and relative numbers that were compared between groups. RESULTS Total counts of Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae spp. were significantly lower (P=0.001, P=0.002, P=0.006 and P=0.008, respectively) in vegan samples than in controls, whereas others (E. coli biovars, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., other Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Citrobacter spp. and Clostridium spp.) were not. Subjects on a vegetarian diet ranked between vegans and controls. The total microbial count did not differ between the groups. In addition, subjects on a vegan or vegetarian diet showed significantly (P=0.0001) lower stool pH than did controls, and stool pH and counts of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly correlated across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a strict vegan or vegetarian diet results in a significant shift in the microbiota while total cell numbers remain unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
The human DEAD-box Y (DBY) RNA helicase (aka DDX3Y) gene is thought to be the major azoospermia factor a (AZFa) gene in proximal Yq11. Men with its deletion display no somatic pathologies, but suffer from complete absence of germ cells. Accordingly, DDX3Y protein is expressed only in the germline in spermatogonia, although the transcripts were found in many tissues. Here, we show the complex transcriptional control of a testis-specific DDX3Y transcript class with initiation at different sites upstream of the gene’s open reading frame (5′Untranslated Region; UTR) and with polyadenylation in their proximal 3′UTR. The most distal transcriptional start site (TSS; ∼1 kb upstream) was mapped in MSY2, a Y-specific minisatellite. As this testis-specific 5′UTR was subsequently processed by three alternative splicing events, it has been tentatively designated ‘exon-T’(estis). The MSY2 sequence unit was also found upstream of the mouse Ddx3y gene. However, only after its tandem amplification on the Y chromosome of Platyrrhini (new world monkeys) and Catarrhini (old world monkeys) did MSY2 become part of a novel distal promoter for DDX3Y expression in testis tissue and provides a second transcriptional start site (T-TSS-II) in Catarrhini. We therefore suggest that the development of a novel distal DDX3Y promoter in primates, which is activated only in testis tissue, is probably part of the gene’s germline translation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Rauschendorf
- Unit of Molecular Genetics & Infertility, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Reproductive Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Schuettler J, Peng Z, Zimmer J, Sinn P, von Hagens C, Strowitzki T, Vogt PH. Variable expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene in patients with premature ovarian failure syndrome is not dependent on number of (CGG)n triplets in exon 1. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1241-51. [PMID: 21335413 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene in blood cells has been claimed to be associated with variable (CGG)(n) triplet numbers in the 5' untranslated region of this gene. Increased CGG triplet numbers, including that of the so-called premutation range (n= 55-200), were shown to have a risk of <26% to impair ovarian reserve leading to primary ovarian insufficiency and premature ovarian failure (POF). METHODS DNA and RNA samples were isolated from 74 patients with idiopathic POF to evaluate quantitatively the expression of FMR1 in leukocytes and CGG triplet number on FMR1 gene alleles. mRNA levels were normalized and compared with those of control women. Expression of the encoded protein (FMRP) was analysed by immunohistochemistry on ovarian biopsy tissue sections. RESULTS A large variance of the FMR1 transcript level was found in the leukocyte RNA samples, but only in patients with POF, and this variability did not correlate to variance of CGG triplet numbers found on both FMR1 alleles (19 < n > 90). During normal folliculogenesis, FMRP is predominantly expressed in granulosa cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FMR1 expression during human folliculogenesis is probably a quantitative trait. Proper function of FMRP in granulosa cells seems to depend on an optimal transcript level. All women with CGG triplet numbers outside the range associated with normal folliculogenesis (26 < n > 34) are therefore expected to have a relaxed FMR1 transcription control. FMR1 transcript levels in leukocytes might therefore be diagnostic for altered FMRP levels in granulosa cells, which will affect the process of folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schuettler
- Department of Gynecology Endocrinology, University Women Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chan Wong E, Hatakeyama C, P. Robinson W, Ma S, Vogt PH, Schuettler J, Peng Z, Zimmer J, von Hagens C, Sinn P, Strowitzki T, Wu E, Hatakeyama C, Ma S, Koustas G, Sjoblom C. SELECTED ORAL COMMUNICATION SESSION, SESSION 51: (EPI) GENETICS, Tuesday 5 July 2011 17:00 - 18:00. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Acar-Perk B, Weimer J, Koch K, Salmassi A, Arnold N, Mettler L, Schmutzler AG, Ottolini CS, Griffin DK, Handyside AH, Summers MC, Thornhill AR, Montjean D, Benkhalifa M, Cohen-Bacrie P, Siffroi JP, Mandelbaum J, Berthaut I, Bashamboo A, Ravel C, McElreavey K, Ao A, Zhang XY, Yilmaz A, Chung JT, Demirtas E, Son WY, Dahan M, Buckett W, Holzer H, Tan SL, Perheentupa A, Vierula M, Jorgensen N, Skakkebaek NE, Chantot-Bastaraud S, McElreavey K, Toppari J, Muzii L, Magli MC, Gioia L, Mattioli M, Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L, Koscinski I, Elinati E, Fossard C, Kuentz P, Kilani Z, Demirol A, Gurgan T, Schmitt F, Velez de la Calle J, Iqbal N, Louanjli N, Pasquier M, Carre-Pigeon F, Muller J, Barratt C, Viville S, Magli C, Grugnetti C, Castelletti E, Paviglianiti B, Gianaroli L, Pepas L, Braude P, Grace J, Bolton V, Khalaf Y, El-Toukhy T, Galeraud-Denis I, Bouraima H, Sibert L, Rives N, Carreau S, Janse F, de With LM, Fauser BCJM, Lambalk CB, Laven JSE, Goverde AJ, Giltay JC, De Leo V, Governini L, Quagliariello A, Margollicci MA, Piomboni P, Luddi A, Miyamura H, Nishizawa H, Ota S, Suzuki M, Inagaki A, Egusa H, Nishiyama S, Kato T, Nakanishi I, Fujita T, Imayoshi Y, Markoff A, Yanagihara I, Udagawa Y, Kurahashi H, Alvaro Mercadal B, Imbert R, Demeestere I, De Leener A, Englert Y, Costagliola S, Delbaere A, Velilla E, Colomar A, Toro E, Chamosa S, Alvarez J, Lopez-Teijon M, Fernandez S, Hosoda Y, Hasegawa A, Morimoto N, Wakimoto Y, Ito Y, Komori S, Sati L, Zeiss C, Demir R, McGrath J, Ku SY, Kim YJ, Kim YY, Kim HJ, Park KE, Kim SH, Choi YM, Moon SY, Minor A, Chow V, Ma S, Martinez Mendez E, Gaytan M, Linan A, Pacheco A, San Celestino M, Nogales C, Ariza M, Cernuda D, Bronet F, Lendinez Ramirez AM, Palomares AR, Perez-Nevot B, Urraca V, Ruiz Martin A, Reche A, Ruiz Galdon M, Reyes-Engel A, Treff NR, Tao X, Taylor D, Levy B, Ferry KM, Scott Jr. RT, Vasan S, Acharya KK, Vasan B, Yalaburgi R, Ganesan KK, Darshan SC, Neelima CH, Deepa P, Akhilesh B, Sravanthi D, Sreelakshmi KS, Deepti H, van Doorninck JH, Eleveld C, van der Hoeven M, Birnie E, Steegers EAP, Galjaard RJ, Laven JSE, van den Berg IM, Fiorentino F, Spizzichino L, Bono S, Biricik A, Kokkali G, Rienzi L, Ubaldi FM, Iammarrone E, Gordon A, Pantos K, Oitmaa E, Tammiste A, Suvi S, Punab M, Remm M, Metspalu A, Salumets A, Rodrigo L, Mir P, Cervero A, Mateu E, Mercader A, Vidal C, Giles J, Remohi J, Pellicer A, Martin J, Rubio C, Mozdarani H, Moghbeli Nejad S, Behmanesh M, Alleyasin A, Ghedir H, Ibala-Romdhane S, Mamai O, Brahem S, Elghezal H, Ajina M, Gribaa M, Saad A, Mateu E, Rodrigo L, Martinez MC, Mercader A, Peinado V, Milan M, Al-Asmar N, Pellicer A, Remohi J, Rubio C, Mercader A, Buendia P, Delgado A, Escrich L, Amorocho B, Simon C, Remohi J, Pellicer A, Martin J, Rubio C, Petrussa L, Van de Velde H, De Munck N, De Rycke M, Altmae S, Martinez-Conejero JA, Esteban FJ, Ruiz-Alonso M, Stavreus-Evers A, Horcajadas JA, Salumets A, Bug B, Raabe-Meyer G, Bender U, Zimmer J, Schulze B, Vogt PH, Laisk T, Peters M, Salumets A, Grabar V, Feskov A, Zhilkova E, Sugawara N, Maeda M, Seki T, Manome T, Nagai R, Araki Y, Georgiou I, Lazaros L, Xita N, Chatzikyriakidou A, Kaponis A, Grigoriadis N, Hatzi E, Grigoriadis I, Sofikitis N, Zikopoulos K, Gunn M, Brezina PR, Benner A, Du L, Kearns WG, Shen X, Zhou C, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Zeng Y, Zhuang G, Benner A, Brezina PR, Gunn MC, Du L, Richter K, Kearns WG, Andreeva P, Dimitrov I, Konovalova M, Kyurkchiev S, Shterev A, Daser A, Day E, Turley H, Immesberger A, Haaf T, Hahn T, Dear PH, Schorsch M, Don J, Golan N, Eldar T, Yaverboim R. POSTER VIEWING SESSION - REPRODUCTIVE (EPI) GENETICS. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The human DEAD-box Y (DBY) RNA helicase (aka DDX3Y) gene is thought to be the major azoospermia factor a (AZFa) gene in proximal Yq11. Although it is transcribed in many tissues, the protein is expressed only in spermatogonia. In this study, we demonstrate that this translational control mechanism is probably germ cell-specific because of its association with expression of a distinct class of DDX3Y testis transcripts present only in pre- and post-meiotic male germ cells. They are initiated from a second distal DDX3Y promoter domain at two distinct start sites in the gene's 5' untranslated region (UTR) exon-T sequence. With the aid of an EGFP-3xFLAG reporter cassette cloned downstream of DDX3Y minigenes containing exons 1-4 and two different exon-T extensions, we discovered that DDX3Y translation is influenced by the presence of several ATG triplets located in exon-T, thus upstream of the main translational ATG start codon in exon 1. Strong translational repression of the DDX3Y minigene transcripts was observed when they contained the longest exon-T sequence with five upstream ATG triplets (uATGs). The potential formation of complex distinct stem-loop structures serve here as additional repressor element. Only minor translational attenuation was seen for the DDX3Y minigene transcripts when containing the shortest exon-T sequence, that is, starting at first transcriptional start site (coined 'T-TSS-I'). It was completely released after its single uATG was abolished by mutation. As we found DDX3Y transcripts with the longest exon-T sequence predominantly in spermatids, our results suggest that the amount of DDX3Y protein in pre-meiotic germ cells and its absence in post-meiotic germ cells are tightly controlled by the different extensions of exon-T in this germ cell-specific DDX3Y transcript class.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jaroszynski
- Unit Molecular Genetics and Fertility Disorders, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women Hospital, Heidelberg
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andrès
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Schultz C, Zimmer J, Härtel C, Rupp J, Temming P, Strunk T. Attenuation of monocyte proinflammatory cytokine responses to Neisseria meningitidis in children by erythropoietin. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 154:187-91. [PMID: 18785973 PMCID: PMC2612721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal disease is a leading infectious cause of death in children in industrialized countries. The induction of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis-related multi-organ failure. Here, we demonstrate that N. meningitidis serotypes A and B induce significantly higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha positive cells in vitro in infants and young children compared with adults (serotype A/B; infants: 64.9%/63.9%; children: 77.8%/64.3% versus adults: 27.7%/32%; P < 0.005). Serotype A induces also higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 positive cells in neonates and infants compared with adults (serotype A; newborn 55.4%; infants 58.8% versus adults 49%; P < 0.05). Treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin in vitro resulted in significant attenuation of the N. meningitidis-induced proinflammatory response in all age groups (reduction rate of erythropoietin for IL-6 after stimulation with serotype B: newborn 28%, infants 15%, children 23% and adults 28% and for TNF-alpha after stimulation with serotype B: newborn 27%, infants 22%, children 20% and adults 28%; P < 0.05). We conclude that (i) Neisseria meningitidis induces a higher TNF-alpha response in infants and children compared with adults and (ii) erythropoietin was able to attenuate IL-6 and TNF-alpha production in all investigated age groups. These data may explain the high incidence of meningococcal infection in infants and makes erythropoietin a potentially attractive candidate for interventional strategies in an otherwise devastating course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schultz
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany.
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Abstract
The azoospermia factor (AZF) locus in Yq11 is now functionally subdivided in three distinct spermatogenesis loci: AZFa, AZFb and AZFc. After knowledge of the complete genomic Y sequence in Yq11, 14 Y genes encoding putatively functional proteins and expressed in human testis are found to be located in one of the three AZF intervals. Therefore, a major question for each infertility clinic performing molecular screening for AZF deletions has now raised concerning the functional contribution of the encoded AZF proteins to human spermatogenesis. Additionally, it has been shown that distinct chromatin regions in Yq11 overlapping with the genomic AZFb and AZFc intervals are probably involved in the pre-meiotic X and Y chromosome pairing process. An old hypothesis on the germ line function of AZF becomes therefore revitalized. It proposed a specific chromatin folding code in Yq11, which controls the condensation cycle of the Y chromosome in the male germ line. Thus, with the exception of AZF proteins functionally expressed during the pre-meiotic differentiation and proliferation of spermatogonia, the need for AZF proteins functionally expressed at meiosis or during the post-meiotic spermatid maturation process is difficult to assess before the identification of specific mutations in the corresponding AZF gene causing male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Vogt
- Molecular Genetics and Infertility Unit, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Infertility, University Women Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zorn C, Cremer T, Cremer C, Zimmer J. UV-Microirradiation of Chinese Hamster Cells and Posttreatment with Caffceine: Induction of Chromosome Shattering in Chromatin Outside the Irradiation Site. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1978.tb02205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cremer C, Cremer T, Zorn C, Zimmer J. The Influence of the Distribution of Photolesions on the Induction of Chromosome Shattering in Chinese Hamster Cells by UV-Microirradiation and Caffeine. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1978.tb02159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cremer T, Cremer C, Zorn C, Zimmer J. Induction of Chromosome Shattering by Whole Cell Irradiation (Λ= 254 nm) and Posttreatment with Caffeine: A Quantitative Evaluation. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1978.tb02160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xapelli S, Bernardino L, Ferreira R, Grade S, Silva AP, Salgado JR, Cavadas C, Grouzmann E, Poulsen FR, Jakobsen B, Oliveira CR, Zimmer J, Malva JO. Interaction between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in NPY-mediated neuroprotection against excitotoxicity: a role for microglia. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:2089-102. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Andrès E, Daou S, Federici L, Zimmer J. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: preliminary results in patients aged >65 years. QJM 2007; 100:249. [PMID: 17369620 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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