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McCanlies EC, Gu JK, Kashon M, Yucesoy B, Ma CC, Sanderson WT, Kim K, Ludeña-Rodriguez YJ, Hertz-Picciotto I. Parental occupational exposure to solvents and autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory look at gene-environment interactions. Environ Res 2023; 228:115769. [PMID: 37004853 PMCID: PMC10273405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McCanlies
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Berran Yucesoy
- Former Affiliate of Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Claudia C Ma
- Former Affiliate of Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | | | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Velazquez-Kronen R, Millen AE, Ochs-Balcom HM, Mnatsakanova A, Gu JK, Andrew M, Violanti J. Sleep Quality and Dietary Patterns in an Occupational Cohort of Police Officers. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:543-555. [PMID: 34304645 PMCID: PMC8786972 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1954925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between self-reported sleep quality, sleep duration, and dietary patterns among police officers in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Stress (BCOPS) study.422 police officers aged 21-74 (2004-2009).We used a cross-sectional study design and obtained sleep quality and duration from responses to the 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Using 46 energy-adjusted food groups derived from a 125-item food frequency questionnaire, we identified dietary patterns using exploratory factor analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations of sleep quality and duration with the derived dietary patterns.We identified major dietary patterns: fruits and vegetables (FV), dairy products, starches and fried foods, and meat and eggs. Individuals with poor sleep quality had a lower average FV score than those with optimal sleep (β [SE] = -0.32 [0.13]; p = .01). Significant interactions were observed between sex and the FV and dairy products dietary patterns, where women with poor sleep quality had a lower mean FV score compared to women with optimal sleep quality (β [SE] = -0.81 [0.29]; p = .01). Women with < 6 hours sleep duration had a lower mean dairy score compared to women with ≥ 7 hours sleep duration (β [SE] = -0.69 [0.29]; p = .02). We did not observe these associations among men.Among women, good sleep quality and long sleep duration were associated with a dietary pattern high in consumption of both fruits and vegetables and dairy products.Abbreviations: BCOPS: Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Stress study; BMI: body mass index; FFQ: food frequency questionnaire; FV: fruits and vegetables; KMO: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test; MET: metabolic equivalent of task score; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Velazquez-Kronen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Charles LE, Mnatsakanova A, Fekedulegn D, Violanti JM, Gu JK, Andrew ME. Associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with sleep duration and quality: the BCOPS study. Sleep Med 2021; 89:166-175. [PMID: 35026653 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Our objective was to investigate associations between ACEs and sleep measures among 206 police officers from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study. METHODS ACEs (independent variable) was assessed using the ACE questionnaire. Sleep measures were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy. ANOVA/ANCOVA were used to investigate associations between ACEs and sleep measures. RESULTS The mean self-reported sleep duration was significantly lower among participants who reported ≥1 ACEs compared to those who reported no ACEs (6.0 ± 0.11 vs. 6.4 ± 0.14 h; multivariate-adjusted p = 0.035). Sleep efficiency was significantly lower among participants who reported ≥1 ACEs compared to those who reported none (mean = 88.7%, 95% CI = 87.7-89.6 vs. 90.2%, 89.2-91.2; unadjusted p = 0.031) but was slightly attenuated and lost statistical significance after multivariate-adjustment (88.8%, 87.8-89.7 vs. 90.1%, 88.9-91.1; p = 0.094). Compared to participants who reported no ACEs, those who reported ≥1 ACEs had a higher mean activity index score (36.9 ± 0.96 vs. 31.2 ± 1.25; multivariate-adjusted p = 0.001); a higher mean wake after sleep onset (WASO) (44.3 ± 2.24 vs. 35.3 ± 2.92 min; multivariate-adjusted p = 0.019); and a higher sleep fragmentation index (3.8 ± 1.65 vs. 3.3 ± 1.20 unadjusted p = 0.044 and 3.8 ± 0.13 vs. 3.3 ± 0.18; multivariate-adjusted p = 0.062). Among men (but not women) who reported ≥1 ACEs, self-reported sleep duration was significantly lower (5.9 ± 0.13 vs. 6.4 ± 0.15 h; multivariate-adjusted p = 0.025) and activity index was significantly higher (39.1 ± 1.3 vs. 33.2 ± 1.51; multivariate-adjusted p = 0.004) compared to those who reported no ACEs. CONCLUSION Exposure to ≥1 ACE was associated with worse sleep measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luenda E Charles
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Ma CC, Gu JK, Bhandari R, Charles LE, Violanti JM, Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME. Associations of objectively measured sleep characteristics and incident hypertension among police officers: The role of obesity. J Sleep Res 2020; 29:e12988. [PMID: 32049409 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations of baseline sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, longest wake episode, number of awakenings, sleep efficiency and sleep duration with incident hypertension during a 7-year follow-up (n = 161, 68% men) and the joint effect of insufficient sleep and obesity on incident hypertension. Sleep parameters were derived from 15-day actigraphy data. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a robust Poisson regression model. Each 10-min increase in sleep onset latency was associated with an 89% higher risk of hypertension (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-3.20). Each 10-min increase in longest wake episode was associated with a 23% higher risk of hypertension (95% CI = 1.01-1.50) and each 10% decrease in sleep efficiency was associated with a 50% higher risk of hypertension (95% CI = 1.02-2.22). These associations were independent of demographic and lifestyle characteristics, depressive symptoms, shift work, sleep duration and body mass index. Having <6 hr of sleep and a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 increased the risk of hypertension (relative risk = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.26-6.25) compared with having ≥6 hr of sleep and a body mass index <30 after controlling for confounders. Relative excess risk due to interaction was 3.49 (95% CI = -1.69-8.68) and ratio of relative risk was 3.21 (95% CI = 0.72-14.26). These results suggest that poor sleep quality is a risk factor for hypertension. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to examine the joint effect of insufficient sleep and obesity on development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Ma
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ruchi Bhandari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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McCanlies EC, Ma CC, Gu JK, Fekedulegn D, Sanderson WT, Ludeña-Rodriguez YJ, Hertz-Picciotto I. The CHARGE study: an assessment of parental occupational exposures and autism spectrum disorder. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:644-651. [PMID: 31248991 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine if parental occupational exposure to 16 agents is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS Demographic, health and parental occupational data were collected as part of the CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment study. The workplace exposure assessment was conducted by two experienced industrial hygienists for the parents of 537 children with ASD and 414 typically developing (TD) children. For each job, frequency and intensity of 16 agents were assessed and both binary and semi-quantitative cumulative exposure variables were derived. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess associations between parental occupational exposures 3 months pre-pregnancy until birth. RESULTS The OR of ASD in the children of mothers exposed to any solvents was 1.5 times higher than the mothers of TD children (95% CI=1.01-2.23). Cumulative exposure indicated that the OR associated with a moderate level of solvent exposure in mothers was 1.85 (95% CI=1.09, 3.15) for children with ASD compared with TD children. No other exposures were associated with ASD in mothers, fathers or the parents combined. CONCLUSION Maternal occupational exposure to solvents may increase the risk for ASD. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence indicating that environmental and occupational exposures may be associated with ASD. Future research should consider specific types of solvents, larger samples and/or different study designs to evaluate other exposures for potential associations with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McCanlies
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Claudia C Ma
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Wayne T Sanderson
- University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yunin J Ludeña-Rodriguez
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Ma CC, Hartley TA, Sarkisian K, Fekedulegn D, Mnatsakanova A, Owens S, Gu JK, Tinney-Zara C, Violanti JM, Andrew ME. Influence of Work Characteristics on the Association Between Police Stress and Sleep Quality. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:30-38. [PMID: 30949378 PMCID: PMC6429527 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Police officers' stress perception, frequency of stressful events (stressors), and police work characteristics may contribute to poor sleep quality through different mechanisms. METHODS We investigated associations of stress severity (measured by stress rating score) and frequency of stressors with sleep quality and examined the influence of police work characteristics including workload, police rank, prior military experience, and shift work on the associations. Participants were 356 police officers (256 men and 100 women) enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study from 2004 to 2009. A mean stress rating score and mean frequency of stressors occurring in the past month were computed for each participant from the Spielberger Police Stress Survey data. Sleep quality was assessed using the global score derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey. Linear associations of the stress rating score and frequency of stressors with sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score) were tested. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status were selected as potential confounders. RESULTS The stress rating score was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (β = 0.17, p = 0.002). Only workload significantly modified this association (β = 0.23, p = 0.001 for high workload group; p-interaction = 0.109). The frequency of stressors was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (β = 0.13, p = 0.025). Only police rank significantly modified the association (β = 0.007, p = 0.004 for detectives/other executives; p-interaction = 0.076). CONCLUSION Both police officers' perception of stress severity and the frequency of stressors are associated with poor sleep quality. Stress coping or sleep promotion regimens may be more beneficial among police officers reporting high workloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. Ma
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Corresponding author. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 4050, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Tara A. Hartley
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Khachatur Sarkisian
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sherry Owens
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cathy Tinney-Zara
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M. Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael E. Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Ma CC, Gu JK, Charles LE, Andrew ME, Dong RG, Burchfiel CM. Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in the United States: 2006, 2009, and 2014 National Health Interview Survey. Work 2019; 60:623-634. [PMID: 30124463 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual incidence rate of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (WUEMSDs) is increasing in US workers according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, the prevalence of WUEMSDs among US total workers has not been estimated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the prevalence of WUEMSDs among US total workers and among each of major occupations and industries. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey Arthritis supplements (2006, 2009, and 2014) among 50,218 current workers (age ≥18 years) to estimate the 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs and of WUEMSDs affecting work using the SAS-callable SUDAAN software. RESULTS About 11.2 million workers reported WUEMSDs based on three surveys (2006, 2009, and 2014). The 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs was 8.23% the prevalence of WUEMSDs affecting work was 1.24%. The Construction occupation and industry had the highest age- and sex-adjusted 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs (10.98% for Construction occupation; 9.94% for Construction industry) and WUEMSDs affecting work (3.32% for Construction occupation; 2.31% Construction industry). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that construction workers had the highest prevalence of both WUEMSDs and WUEMSDs affecting work. They may be a priority group for interventions to reduce upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Ma
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ren G Dong
- Engineering and Control Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cecil M Burchfiel
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Violanti JM, Mnatsakanova A, Andrew ME, Allison P, Gu JK, Fekedulegn D. Effort-Reward Imbalance and Overcommitment at Work: Associations With Police Burnout. Police Q 2018; 21:440-460. [PMID: 30906189 PMCID: PMC6423541 DOI: 10.1177/1098611118774764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined associations of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and over-commitment at work with burnout among police officers using data from 200 (mean age = 46 years, 29% women) officers enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study. ERI and overcommitment were assessed using Siegrist's "effort/reward" questionnaire. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey was used to assess burnout and its three subscales (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy). Analysis of covariance was used to examine mean values of burnout scores across quartiles of ERI and overcommitment. Linear regression was used to test for linear trend. ERI and overcommitment were positively and significantly associated with cynicism and exhaustion (trend p value < .001), while professional efficacy showed an inverse association with overcommitment (p = .026). Cynicism and exhaustion scores were significantly higher in officers who reported both overcommitment and ERI compared with their counterparts (p < .001). The results suggest that ERI and overcommitment at work are determinants of higher cynicism and exhaustion. The inverse association of overcommitment with professional efficacy (an indicator of engagement at work) suggests that extreme involvement in work may negatively affect efficacy. Overcommitment may be related to a need for approval and inability of officers to withdraw from work, even in an off-duty status. Police agencies should consider organizational remedies to maintain acceptable levels of commitment by officers. In addition, there is a need to monitor and improve effort-reward imbalance experienced by officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E. Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Penelope Allison
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Violanti JM, Ma CC, Mnatsakanova A, Fekedulegn D, Hartley TA, Gu JK, Andrew ME. Associations Between Police Work Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Examining the Moderating Effects of Coping. J Police Crim Psychol 2018; 33:271-282. [PMID: 31024192 PMCID: PMC6477685 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-018-9276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of coping in the association between stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not clear. We investigated the effects of active and passive coping strategies on the associations between police stress (administrative and organization pressure, physical and psychological threats, and lack of support) and PTSD symptoms in 342 police officers. Linear regression model was used in the analyses. The association between physical and psychological stress and PTSD symptoms was stronger in officers who used lower active coping (B = 4.34, p <0.001) compared to those who utilized higher active coping (p -interaction = 0.027) (B =1.79, p ≤ 0.003). A similar result was found between lack of support and PTSD symptoms (p -interaction = 0.016) (lower active coping, B = 5.70, p < 0.001; higher active coping, B = 3.33, p <0.001), but was not significantly different comparing the two groups regarding the association between administrative and organizational pressure and PTSD symptoms (p -interaction = 0.376). Associations of total stress, administrative and organizational pressure, and physical and psychological stressors with PTSD symptoms were significantly stronger in officers who utilized higher passive coping (p -interaction = 0.011, 0.030, and 0.023, respectively). In conclusion, low active or high passive coping methods may exacerbate the effect of work stress on PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Claudia C. Ma
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,WV, USA
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,WV, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,WV, USA
| | - Tara A. Hartley
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,WV, USA
| | - Michael E. Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown,WV, USA
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Violanti JM, Fekedulegn D, Gu JK, Allison P, Mnatsakanova A, Tinney-Zara C, Andrew ME. Effort-reward imbalance in police work: associations with the cortisol awakening response. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018. [PMID: 29516173 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that effort-reward imbalance (ERI) is associated with an atypical cortisol response. ERI has been associated with higher job stress. Stress triggers cortisol secretion via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and significant deviation from a typical cortisol pattern can indicate HPA axis dysfunction. METHODS 176 police officers participated from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study. ERI was the exposure variable. Outcome variables were saliva-based peak and mean cortisol values, total area under the curve ground (AUCG) and baseline (AUCI); linear regression line fitted to log-transformed cortisol. Regression analyses were used to examine linear trend between ERI and cortisol parameters. Repeated measures analysis examined whether the pattern of cortisol over time differed between low ERI (< median) and high ERI (≥ median). RESULTS Mean age was 46 years (SD = 6.6). After adjustment for potential confounders, there was a significant inverse association between ERI and peak cortisol (β = - 0.20, p = 0.009), average cortisol (β = - 0.23, p = 0.003), and total area under the curve (β = - 0.21, p = 0.009). ERI was not significantly associated with AUCI (β = - 0.11, p = 0.214); slope of the regression line fitted to the cortisol profile (β = - 0.009, p = 0.908). Repeated measures analyses showed that the cortisol pattern did not vary significantly between high and low ERI using the median as a cut point (interaction p value = 0.790). CONCLUSIONS ERI was inversely associated with the magnitude of awakening cortisol over time, indicating HPA axis dysregulation and potential future health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Penelope Allison
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cathy Tinney-Zara
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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11
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McCanlies EC, Gu JK, Andrew ME, Violanti JM. The effect of social support, gratitude, resilience and satisfaction with life on depressive symptoms among police officers following Hurricane Katrina. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:63-72. [PMID: 29334848 PMCID: PMC6380889 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017746197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Police officers in the New Orleans geographic area faced a number of challenges following Hurricane Katrina. AIM This cross-sectional study examined the effect of social support, gratitude, resilience and satisfaction with life on symptoms of depression. METHOD A total of 86 male and 30 female police officers from Louisiana participated in this study. Ordinary least-square (OLS) regression mediation analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect effects between social support, gratitude, resilience, satisfaction with life and symptoms of depression. All models were adjusted for age, alcohol intake, military experience and an increase in the number of sick days since Hurricane Katrina. RESULTS Mean depressive symptom scores were 9.6 ± 9.1 for females and 10.9 ± 9.6 for males. Mediation analyses indicates that social support and gratitude are directly associated with fewer symptoms of depression. Social support also mediated the relationships between gratitude and depression, gratitude and satisfaction with life, and satisfaction with life and depression. Similarly, resilience mediated the relationship between social support and fewer symptoms of depression. CONCLUSION Social support, gratitude and resilience are associated with higher satisfaction with life and fewer symptoms of depression. Targeting and building these factors may improve an officer's ability to address symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McCanlies
- 1 Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- 1 Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- 1 Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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McCanlies EC, Gu JK, Andrew ME, Burchfiel CM, Violanti JM. Resilience mediates the relationship between social support and post-traumatic stress symptoms in police officers. J Emerg Manag 2017; 15:107-116. [PMID: 28820229 DOI: 10.5055/jem.2017.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Police officers in the New Orleans geographic area faced a number of challenges following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. DESIGN This cross-sectional study examined gratitude, resilience, and satisfaction with life as mediators in the association between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 82 male and 31 female police officers. The Gratitude Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were used to measure gratitude, resilience, satisfaction with life, and social support, respectively. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C). Ordinary least square regression mediation analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect effects among gratitude, resilience, satisfaction with life, social support, and PTSD symptoms. All models were adjusted for age, alcohol, race, and previous military experience. RESULTS Mean PCL-C symptoms were 29.1 (standard deviation [SD] = 14.4) for females and 27.9 (SD = 12.1) for males. There was no direct relationship between social support and PTSD symptoms (c9 = -0.041; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.199, 0.117) independent of the indirect effect through resilience (effect = -0.038; 95%CI = -0.099, -0.002). Neither gratitude (effect = -0.066; 95% CI = -0.203, 0.090) nor satisfaction with life (effect = -0.036, 95% CI = -0.131, 0.046) contribute to the indirect effect. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that resilience mediates the relationship between social support and symp-toms of PTSD. Targeting social support and resilience in officers may facilitate reduction of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McCanlies
- Epidemiologist, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Statistician, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Statistician, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Cecil M Burchfiel
- Epidemiologist, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John M Violanti
- Full Research Professor, Principle Investigator, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Lemons AR, Hogan MB, Gault RA, Holland K, Sobek E, Olsen-Wilson KA, Park Y, Park JH, Gu JK, Kashon ML, Green BJ. Microbial rRNA sequencing analysis of evaporative cooler indoor environments located in the Great Basin Desert region of the United States. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2017; 19:101-110. [PMID: 28091681 PMCID: PMC5450635 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00413j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies conducted in the Great Basin Desert region of the United States have shown that skin test reactivity to fungal and dust mite allergens are increased in children with asthma or allergy living in homes with evaporative coolers (EC). The objective of this study was to determine if the increased humidity previously reported in EC homes leads to varying microbial populations compared to homes with air conditioners (AC). Children with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis living in EC or AC environments were recruited into the study. Air samples were collected from the child's bedroom for genomic DNA extraction and metagenomic analysis of bacteria and fungi using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The analysis of bacterial populations revealed no major differences between EC and AC sampling environments. The fungal populations observed in EC homes differed from AC homes. The most prevalent species discovered in AC environments belonged to the genera Cryptococcus (20%) and Aspergillus (20%). In contrast, the most common fungi identified in EC homes belonged to the order Pleosporales and included Alternaria alternata (32%) and Phoma spp. (22%). The variations in fungal populations provide preliminary evidence of the microbial burden children may be exposed to within EC environments in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Lemons
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Mary Beth Hogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Ruth A Gault
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kathleen Holland
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Kimberly A Olsen-Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Yeonmi Park
- Field Studies Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ju-Hyeong Park
- Field Studies Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brett J Green
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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14
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Umbright C, Sellamuthu R, Roberts JR, Young SH, Richardson D, Schwegler-Berry D, McKinney W, Chen B, Gu JK, Kashon M, Joseph P. Pulmonary toxicity and global gene expression changes in response to sub-chronic inhalation exposure to crystalline silica in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2017; 80:1349-1368. [PMID: 29165057 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1384773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to crystalline silica results in serious adverse health effects, most notably, silicosis. An understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying silica-induced pulmonary toxicity is critical for the intervention and/or prevention of its adverse health effects. Rats were exposed by inhalation to crystalline silica at a concentration of 15 mg/m3, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 3, 6 or 12 weeks. Pulmonary toxicity and global gene expression profiles were determined in lungs at the end of each exposure period. Crystalline silica was visible in lungs of rats especially in the 12-week group. Pulmonary toxicity, as evidenced by an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and albumin content and accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), was seen in animals depending upon silica exposure duration. The most severe histological changes, noted in the 12-week exposure group, consisted of chronic active inflammation, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, and fibrosis. Microarray analysis of lung gene expression profiles detected significant differential expression of 38, 77, and 99 genes in rats exposed to silica for 3-, 6-, or 12-weeks, respectively, compared to time-matched controls. Among the significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEG), 32 genes were common in all exposure groups. Bioinformatics analysis of the SDEG identified enrichment of functions, networks and canonical pathways related to inflammation, cancer, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and tissue remodeling in response to silica exposure. Collectively, these results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pulmonary toxicity following sub-chronic inhalation exposure to crystalline silica in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Umbright
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Rajendran Sellamuthu
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Shih-Houng Young
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diana Richardson
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bean Chen
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Pius Joseph
- a Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
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15
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Croston TL, Nayak AP, Lemons AR, Goldsmith WT, Gu JK, Germolec DR, Beezhold DH, Green BJ. Influence of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia viability on murine pulmonary microRNA and mRNA expression following subchronic inhalation exposure. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1315-27. [PMID: 27473664 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal exposure to fungal bioaerosols derived from contaminated building materials or agricultural commodities may induce or exacerbate a variety of adverse health effects. The genomic mechanisms that underlie pulmonary immune responses to fungal bioaerosols have remained unclear. OBJECTIVE The impact of fungal viability on the pulmonary microRNA and messenger RNA profiles that regulate murine immune responses was evaluated following subchronic inhalation exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. METHODS Three groups of naïve B6C3F1/N mice were exposed via nose-only inhalation to A. fumigatus viable conidia, heat-inactivated conidia (HIC), or HEPA-filtered air twice a week for 13 weeks. Total RNA was isolated from whole lung 24 and 48 h postfinal exposure and was further processed for gene expression and microRNA array analysis. The molecular network pathways between viable and HIC groups were evaluated. RESULTS Comparison of data sets revealed increased Il4, Il13 and Il33 expression in mice exposed to viable vs. HIC. Of 415 microRNAs detected, approximately 50% were altered in mice exposed to viable vs. HIC 48 h postexposure. Significantly down-regulated (P ≤ 0.05) miR-29a-3p was predicted to regulate TGF-β3 and Clec7a, genes involved in innate responses to viable A. fumigatus. Also significantly down-regulated (P ≤ 0.05), miR-23b-3p regulates genes involved in pulmonary IL-13 and IL-33 responses and SMAD2, downstream of TGF-β signalling. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, a novel interaction was identified between viable conidia and SMAD2/3. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Examination of the pulmonary genetic profiles revealed differentially expressed genes and microRNAs following subchronic inhalation exposure to A. fumigatus. MicroRNAs regulating genes involved in the pulmonary immune responses were those with the greatest fold change. Specifically, germinating A. fumigatus conidia were associated with Clec7a and were predicted to interact with Il13 and Il33. Furthermore, altered microRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers to evaluate fungal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Croston
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - A P Nayak
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - A R Lemons
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - W T Goldsmith
- Engineering and Control Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J K Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D R Germolec
- Toxicology Branch, DNTP/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - D H Beezhold
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - B J Green
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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16
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Ma CC, Burchfiel CM, Charles LE, Dorn JM, Andrew ME, Gu JK, Joseph PN, Fekedulegn D, Slaven JE, Hartley TA, Mnatsakanova A, Violanti JM. Authors' response to the letter to the editor: "Definition of sleep duration and carotid artery intima media thickness: caution for risk assessment". Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:490-1. [PMID: 24415485 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Ma
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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17
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Ma CC, Burchfiel CM, Charles LE, Dorn JM, Andrew ME, Gu JK, Joseph PN, Fekedulegn D, Slaven JE, Hartley TA, Mnatsakanova A, Violanti JM. Associations of objectively measured and self-reported sleep duration with carotid artery intima media thickness among police officers. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:1341-51. [PMID: 24038303 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the association of objectively measured and self-reported sleep duration with carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) among 257 police officers, a group at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Sleep duration was estimated using actigraphic data and through self-reports. The mean maximum IMT was the average of the largest 12 values scanned bilaterally from three angles of the near and far wall of the common carotid, bulb, and internal carotid artery. Linear and quadratic regression models were used to assess the association of sleep duration with IMT. RESULTS Officers who had fewer than 5 or 8 hr or more of objectively measured sleep duration had significantly higher maximum IMT values, independent of age. Self-reported sleep duration was not associated with either IMT measure. CONCLUSION Attainment of sufficient sleep duration may be considered as a possible strategy for atherosclerosis prevention among police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. Ma
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | - Cecil M. Burchfiel
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | - Luenda E. Charles
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | | | - Michael E. Andrew
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | | | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | | | - Tara A. Hartley
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown; West Virginia
| | - John M. Violanti
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine; School of Public Health and Health Professions; State University of New York at Buffalo; Buffalo; New York
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Violanti JM, Gu JK, Charles LE, Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME, Burchfiel CM. Is suicide higher among separated/retired police officers? an epidemiological investigation. Int J Emerg Ment Health 2011; 13:221-228. [PMID: 22900456 PMCID: PMC4700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is often assumed that separated or retired officers are at increased risk for suicide. The goal of this study was to compare police suicide rates between currently working and separated/retired officers. A 55-year retrospective mortality police cohort was utilized consisting of 3228 officers who worked between January 1, 1950 and December 31, 2005. Poisson regression and survival analysis were used for comparisons. Adjusted for age and years of service, suicide rates were 8.4 (95% CI = 3.8-18.7) times higher in working officers vs. separated/retired officers (110.5 vs. 13.1 per 100,000 person-years respectively). Survival time to suicide was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) for current working officers, suggesting suicide in a significantly shorter time span. Previous research indicates that the majority of suicides in working officers occur in the five years just prior to retirement eligibility, suggesting a period of decision anxiety. Results suggest a higher risk of suicide among working compared to separated/retired officers. However, the need for suicide prevention efforts remains important among both active and retired police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Violanti
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
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Abstract
In this article, the methods of isolation and determination of bile acids are reviewed. Methods for separation of bile acids from cattle and pig bile are given in detail. Isolation of a mixture of cholic acid and deoxycholic acids from cattle bile and their subsequent purification are described. The isolation and purification of hyodeoxycholic acid and other components of pig bile are also included. Methods for the determination of bile acids in various biological samples are reviewed, including enzyme assays, radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay and chromatographic methods. Among chromatographic methods, separation and determination of bile acids by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the use of high performance liquid chromatography since this has recently been the most commonly applied method for the separation and determination of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kandrac
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the design and operations of the South Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Follow-up Registry. DESIGN Statewide prospective cohort study. SETTING State of South Carolina. PARTICIPANTS 2118 persons discharged from acute care hospitals after experiencing TBI. INTERVENTION Telephone interviews. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Service needs, alcohol and drug use, psychosocial health, health-related quality of life, functional status, symptoms of TBI, employment, global life satisfaction, and death. RESULTS Selected initial and 1-year follow-up findings concerning demographic, insurance status, income, and employment factors. CONCLUSIONS Population-based outcome studies that describe longer term problems associated with TBI, the need for services, and estimated disability could be useful to inform public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elisabeth Pickelsimer
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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McCutcheon EP, Selassie AW, Gu JK, Pickelsimer EE. Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury, 1993???2000A Population-Based Assessment of Methylprednisolone Administration and Hospitalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 56:1076-83. [PMID: 15179249 DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000082312.71894.d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) after acute traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is controversial. This study compared differences in acute care charge, hospital stay, and related variables as a function of MPSS receipt. METHODS Determinants of MPSS administration were examined after acute TSCI for South Carolina patients during the period 1993 to 2000 in a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS Administration of MPSS was documented for 48.7% of 1,227 randomly selected patients with TSCI. Patients admitted via trauma centers and emergency departments were more likely to receive MPSS (trama center level 1 odds ratio [OR], 4.06; 95% CI confidence interval [CI], 2.11-7.83; emergency department OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.20-2.23). Hospital charge and length of stay were significantly higher for MPSS recipients. CONCLUSIONS The study findings indicate MPSS use is associated with higher acute care charges and longer hospital stays. These findings suggest the need for outcome studies to assess the long-term benefits of MPSS administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Parrish McCutcheon
- South Carolina Traumatic Head and Spinal Cord Injury Information System, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Zhong DF, Gu JK, Chen RD, Luo X. [Study on major metabolites of 3H-1,2-dihydro-2-(4-methylphenylamino)-methyl-1-pyrrolizinone in rabbits]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1998; 31:855-60. [PMID: 9863257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of a 750 mg oral dose of Z-47 [3H-1, 2-dihydro-2-(4-methylphenylamino) methyl-1-pyrrolizinone], a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, in rabbit urine were separated and detected with high performance liquid chromatographic method. On basis of the chromatographic behavior of Z-47 metabolites and biotransformation pathways of drugs with partial structure of Z-47, the carboxylic derivative of Z-47 [4-(3H-1, 2-dihydro-1-pyrrolizinone-2-methylamino) benzoic acid] was proposed as a potential metabolite so that the compound was synthesized. The authentic substance was then compared with one of the metabolites by the chromatographic retention time and the ratio of their UV-absorbances at two wavelengths. The enzyme-hydrolyzed product of another metabolite was also analysed. It was consequently confirmed that the carboxylic derivative of Z-47 and its acyl beta-D-glucuronide are major metabolits of Z-47 in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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Wu WZ, Yang YZ, Jin PY, Liu ZY, Zhuang YC, Zhuang WY, Gu JK, Gu YM. Anti-arrhythmic effects of captopril on coronary occlusion and reperfusion periods in pigs. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1993; 14:520-2. [PMID: 8010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anti-arrhythmic effects of captopril (Cap) were studied in the anesthetized pigs using a reversible balloon catheter. Results showed that Cap did not exert any influence on the weight percentage of ischemic area to the whole left ventricle, on the levels of serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB), nor on the incidence and duration of transient and persistent tachycardia, but reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (2/12, 1/12 in high-dose group pigs treated with Cap 6 mg.kg-1 in the first 10 min, 25 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in the later 90 min and 12/21, 11/21 in control group treated with normal saline through the occlusion and reperfusion periods, respectively, P < 0.05). It was suggested that Cap did not exhibit direct (or non-specific, if any) effects on anti-arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, China
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Yan HC, Gu JK, Jiang ZW. [The adverse effect of catheter ablation on the AV junction in experimental dogs]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1989; 17:93-5, 126-7. [PMID: 2791884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the adverse effects of catheter electrical ablation. Eighteen anesthetized mongrel dogs received 10-400 J of DC countershocks one to five times in each of them near the region of AVJ. Complete AV block was established, no pacemaker was implanted. Electrical unstability was seen nearly in all. Among the date of observation (1-547 days), 16 dogs died spontaneously and the other two were killed. Gross and microscopic examination revealed that cardiac damage produced by DC shock was diffusely spread over the endocardium/valve, myocardium and epicardial layers. The prominent lesions of the acute stage were myocytolysis and/or necrosis of myocardium/endocardium. In chronic stage, diffuse fibrosis and other types of tissue degeneration were revealed, some dogs had both acute and chronic lesions at the same time. Two dogs with perforated aortic valve revealed an elevation of PAEDP, one of them developed marked right heart failure and ascites. We proposed that the acute submicroscopic injury induced by DC shock may progress to a diffuse and irreversible pathologic changes. Therefore, the chronic adverse effects of catheter ablation should be evaluated carefully.
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25
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Wu XN, Gu JK, Wang GL, Ding MM. Rheohepatogram as a parameter in assessing immediate effects of propranolol on portal hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl) 1986; 99:27-31. [PMID: 3089702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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26
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Gu JK. [Impedance rheopneumography]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Xi Ji Bing Za Zhi 1983; 6:112-5. [PMID: 6354640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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