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Marrast LM, Chim C, Tocco J, Coletti DJ, Nouryan C, Block L, Martinez J. Expanding Knowledge and Changing Attitudes About Poverty: An Interactive, Interprofessional Approach. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221079446. [PMID: 35225052 PMCID: PMC8891831 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221079446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poverty negatively affects the lives and health of the poor. However, health professionals often have limited personal experience and receive little formal education on surviving under conditions of poverty in the United States, which may contribute to suboptimal patient care and outcomes. PURPOSE We conducted a 3-h, interactive, experiential poverty simulation workshop with an interprofessional group of pre-professional health students to increase their comprehension about the realities of poverty. METHOD As part of the evaluation, participants completed a self-assessment of their attitudes and skills using a Likert scale and open-ended questions; a reflection prompt about how the workshop might affect their professional practice; and a pre- and post-assessment questionnaire. DISCUSSION Participants' attitudes about low-income patients became more favorable; they gained awareness and expressed empathy through the role-play experience. Our analysis revealed increased understanding of social determinants of health, of life challenges that patients face outside of healthcare, and that solutions must be collaborative as the challenges facing poor patients are multifactorial. CONCLUSION The workshop allowed interprofessional students to learn from and with each other about the experiences of poor patients. Future sessions should emphasize interprofessional skill-building and action, potentially in virtual formats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack Tocco
- Northwell Health, Center for Equity of Care, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Coletti
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | | | - Lauren Block
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Johanna Martinez
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Roswell RO, Cogburn CD, Tocco J, Martinez J, Bangeranye C, Bailenson JN, Wright M, Mieres JH, Smith L. Cultivating Empathy Through Virtual Reality: Advancing Conversations About Racism, Inequity, and Climate in Medicine. Acad Med 2020; 95:1882-1886. [PMID: 32701556 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Racism and bias are fundamental causes of health inequities, and they negatively affect the climate of academic medical institutions across the United States. APPROACH In 2019, the Zucker School of Medicine and Northwell Health piloted a virtual reality (VR) racism experience as a component of professional development for medical school and health system leaders, faculty, and staff. Participants experienced a 60-minute, interactive, large-group session on microaggressions and, as individuals, a 20-minute VR module. These were followed by group reflection and debriefing. The sessions, developed in collaboration with a VR academic team, represented a response to institutional climate assessment surveys, which indicated the need for expanded professional training on cross-cultural communication and enhancing inclusion. OUTCOMES In October 2019, 112 faculty and staff participated in the workshop. On a postworkshop survey, completed by 76 participants (67.9%), most respondents (90.8%) reported feeling engaged in the VR experience. Additionally, the majority agreed that VR was an effective tool for enhancing empathy (94.7%), that the session enhanced their own empathy for racial minorities (85.5%), and that their approach to communication would change (67.1%). In open-ended responses, participants frequently conveyed enthusiasm, powerful emotional and physiologic responses, and enhanced empathy. They also suggested more time for follow-up discussions. NEXT STEPS Next steps include assessing the scalability of the VR module; determining effective complementary engagements; and measuring the module's longitudinal effects on racial empathy, discrimination, and institutional climate. As VR becomes more common in medical education, developing VR modules to address other forms of discrimination (e.g., sexism, homophobia) could also benefit the institutional climates of medical schools and health systems as academic medicine continues to build toward health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Roswell
- R.O. Roswell is associate dean, Diversity and Inclusion, and associate professor of science education and cardiology, the Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Courtney D Cogburn
- C.D. Cogburn is associate professor of social work, The Columbia Population Research Center and the Data Science Institute, and director, The Cogburn Research Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jack Tocco
- J. Tocco is consultant, the Center for Equity of Care, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York
| | - Johanna Martinez
- J. Martinez is associate professor of medicine and director, GME Diversity and Inclusion, the Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Catherine Bangeranye
- C. Bangeranye is assistant dean, Diversity and Inclusion, and assistant professor of science education, the Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Jeremy N Bailenson
- J.N. Bailenson is Thomas More Storke Professor of Communication, and founding director, Virtual Human Interaction Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael Wright
- M. Wright is vice president, the Center for Equity of Care, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York
| | - Jennifer H Mieres
- J.H. Mieres is chief diversity and inclusion officer, senior vice president, the Center for Equity of Care, Northwell Health, and associate dean, Faculty Affairs, and professor of cardiology, the Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Lawrence Smith
- L. Smith is executive vice president and physician-in-chief, Northwell Health, and dean, the Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
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Mootz JJ, Evans H, Tocco J, Ramon CV, Gordon P, Wainberg ML, Yin MT. Acceptability of electronic healthcare predictive analytics for HIV prevention: a qualitative study with men who have sex with men in New York City. Mhealth 2020; 6:11. [PMID: 32270003 PMCID: PMC7136656 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2019.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large data sets, also known as "big data", shared in health information exchanges (HIEs), can be used in novel ways to advance health, including among communities at risk for HIV infection. We examined values and opinions about the acceptability of using electronic healthcare predictive analytics (eHPA) to promote HIV prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM). Our aims were twofold: (I) to evaluate the perspectives of MSM with diverse race/ethnicity and age on the acceptability of predictive analytics to determine individual HIV risk and (II) to determine acceptability of having targeted prevention messaging based upon those risk estimates sent directly to the consumer.Method: Two of the authors facilitated 12 focus groups (n=57) with adult MSM without HIV, living in NYC. Groups were divided by ethnicity (Black, Latino, and White) and age (under 35 and 35 and over). Participants were recruited through HIV prevention sites, community-based organizations, social media, and Internet sites that serve these communities. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze the data with Dedoose. RESULTS We identified six main themes related to acceptability: (I) reach, relevance, and potential uptake of using predictive analytics to establish HIV risk and deliver targeted prevention messaging; (II) patient-provider communication; (III) public health and individual rights; (IV) perceptions of intervention effectiveness; (V) electronic health data security; and (VI) stigma. Within each thematic domain, MSM discussed concerns, benefits, and provided recommendations for implementation. CONCLUSIONS MSM in this study were supportive of the use of "big data" and technology to reach marginalized populations and improve public health, yet expressed concerns about the relevance, effectiveness, and security eHPA. Efforts to advance eHPA for HIV prevention should address these concerns, especially among the most-at-risk communities of color. Development of eHPA for HIV prevention should involve targeted messaging that addresses specific concerns regarding eHPA security, accuracy, and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Mootz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Evans
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Tocco
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Vivar Ramon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Gordon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milton L. Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael T. Yin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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