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Kavle P, Ross AM, Zorn JA, Behera P, Parsonnet E, Huang X, Lin CC, Caretta L, Chen LQ, Martin LW. Exchange-Interaction-Like Behavior in Ferroelectric Bilayers. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2301934. [PMID: 37294272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interlayer coupling in materials, such as exchange interactions at the interface between an antiferromagnet and a ferromagnet, can produce exotic phenomena not present in the parent materials. While such interfacial coupling in magnetic systems is widely studied, there is considerably less work on analogous electric counterparts (i.e., akin to electric "exchange-bias-like" or "exchange-spring-like" interactions between two polar materials) despite the likelihood that such effects can also engender new features associated with anisotropic electric dipole alignment. Here, electric analogs of such exchange interactions are reported, and their physical origins are explained for bilayers of in-plane polarized Pb1-x Srx TiO3 ferroelectrics. Variation of the strontium content and thickness of the layers provides for deterministic control over the switching properties of the bilayer system resulting in phenomena analogous to an exchange-spring interaction and, leveraging added control of these interactions with an electric field, the ability to realize multistate-memory function. Such observations not only hold technological promise for ferroelectrics and multiferroics but also extend the similarities between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials to include the manifestation of exchange-interaction-like phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kavle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aiden M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jacob A Zorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Piush Behera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ching-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lucas Caretta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Addiego C, Zorn JA, Gao W, Das S, Guo J, Qu C, Zhao L, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Chen LQ, Pan X. Multiscale Electric-Field Imaging of Polarization Vortex Structures in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 Superlattices. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1620-1621. [PMID: 37613804 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Addiego
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jacob A Zorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sujit Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chengqing Qu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
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Kavle P, Zorn JA, Dasgupta A, Wang B, Ramesh M, Chen LQ, Martin LW. Strain-Driven Mixed-Phase Domain Architectures and Topological Transitions in Pb 1- x Sr x TiO 3 Thin Films. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2203469. [PMID: 35917499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential for creating hierarchical domain structures, or mixtures of energetically degenerate phases with distinct patterns that can be modified continually, in ferroelectric thin films offers a pathway to control their mesoscale structure beyond lattice-mismatch strain with a substrate. Here, it is demonstrated that varying the strontium content provides deterministic strain-driven control of hierarchical domain structures in Pb1- x Srx TiO3 solid-solution thin films wherein two types, c/a and a1 /a2 , of nanodomains can coexist. Combining phase-field simulations, epitaxial thin-film growth, detailed structural, domain, and physical-property characterization, it is observed that the system undergoes a gradual transformation (with increasing strontium content) from droplet-like a1 /a2 domains in a c/a domain matrix, to a connected-labyrinth geometry of c/a domains, to a disconnected labyrinth structure of the same, and, finally, to droplet-like c/a domains in an a1 /a2 domain matrix. A relationship between the different mixed-phase modulation patterns and its topological nature is established. Annealing the connected-labyrinth structure leads to domain coarsening forming distinctive regions of parallel c/a and a1 /a2 domain stripes, offering additional design flexibility. Finally, it is found that the connected-labyrinth domain patterns exhibit the highest dielectric permittivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kavle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jacob A Zorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Arvind Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Everhardt AS, Damerio S, Zorn JA, Zhou S, Domingo N, Catalan G, Salje EKH, Chen LQ, Noheda B. Periodicity-Doubling Cascades: Direct Observation in Ferroelastic Materials. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:087603. [PMID: 31491229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.087603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Very sensitive responses to external forces are found near phase transitions. However, transition dynamics and preequilibrium phenomena are difficult to detect and control. We have observed that the equilibrium domain structure following a phase transition in ferroelectric and ferroelastic BaTiO_{3} is attained by halving of the domain periodicity multiple times. The process is reversible, with periodicity doubling as temperature is increased. This observation is reminiscent of the period-doubling cascades generally observed during bifurcation phenomena, and, thus, it conforms to the "spatial chaos" regime earlier proposed by Jensen and Bak [Phys. Scr. T 9, 64 (1985)PHSTER0281-184710.1088/0031-8949/1985/T9/009] for systems with competing spatial modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud S Everhardt
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747AG- Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Damerio
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747AG- Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacob A Zorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Silang Zhou
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747AG- Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Neus Domingo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gustau Catalan
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ekhard K H Salje
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Beatriz Noheda
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747AG- Groningen, Netherlands
- CogniGron Center, University of Groningen, 9747AG- Groningen, Netherlands
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