Common Pediatric Hand Anomalies

Upper extremity congenital anomalies in the newborn are second only to congenital heart anomalies. Some of the more commonly encountered upper extremity anomalies are trigger thumb, thumb hypoplasia, polydactyly, syndactyly, and amniotic band syndrome. While some conditions occur in isolation, others are known to commonly occur in association with syndromes. Familiarity with these conditions is important not only to provide adequate evaluation and workup of these patients but also to deliver appropriate surgical intervention and prepare parents with appropriate expectations. In this article, we outline the etiology, classification, surgical management, and outcomes of these five commonly encountered upper extremity congenital anomalies.

Robotics in Implant-Based and Autologous Breast Reconstruction

Autologous and implant-based breast reconstruction continues to evolve as new technology and mastectomy techniques become available. Robotic-assisted breast reconstruction represents a growing field within plastic surgery, with the potential to improve aesthetic and functional outcomes, as well as patient satisfaction. This article provides a review of indications, techniques, and outcome data supporting the use of robotic assistance in both implant-based and autologous breast reconstruction from surgeons around the world.

Robotic-Assisted Nipple Sparing Mastectomy

Minimally invasive approaches to breast surgery have evolved from endoscopic techniques to recent developments in robotic-assisted mastectomies. Initial studies on robotic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) have shown improved patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes with similar complication rates and oncological outcomes in selected patients. This chapter reviews techniques used and available data on complications and clinical outcomes for RNSM. Currently, RNSM is an investigational technique in the United States and should be performed in clinical trials with U.S. Food & Drug Administration approval to rigorously evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this approach.