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Wei WQ, Rowley R, Wood A, MacArthur J, Embi PJ, Denaxas S. Improving reporting standards for phenotyping algorithm in biomedical research: 5 fundamental dimensions. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:1036-1041. [PMID: 38269642 PMCID: PMC10990558 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenotyping algorithms enable the interpretation of complex health data and definition of clinically relevant phenotypes; they have become crucial in biomedical research. However, the lack of standardization and transparency inhibits the cross-comparison of findings among different studies, limits large scale meta-analyses, confuses the research community, and prevents the reuse of algorithms, which results in duplication of efforts and the waste of valuable resources. RECOMMENDATIONS Here, we propose five independent fundamental dimensions of phenotyping algorithms-complexity, performance, efficiency, implementability, and maintenance-through which researchers can describe, measure, and deploy any algorithms efficiently and effectively. These dimensions must be considered in the context of explicit use cases and transparent methods to ensure that they do not reflect unexpected biases or exacerbate inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Robb Rowley
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Angela Wood
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline MacArthur
- British Heart Foundation Data Science Center, Health Data Research, London, NW1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Embi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- British Heart Foundation Data Science Center, Health Data Research, London, NW1 2BE, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Huddleston S, Hertz M, Loor G, Garcha P, Hartwig M, Snyder L, Siddique A, Strah H, Kukreja J, Song T, Jablonski R, Smith M, Walia R, Arjuna A, Lozonschi L, Patel K, Katlaps G, Nemeh H, Suarez E, Huang H, Langer N, Madsen J, Lee A, Dhillon G, MacArthur J, Keshavamurthy S, Nandavaram S, Daneshmand M, Neujahr D, Bush E, Joyce D, Ardehali A, Budev M, McCurry K. Impact of National OCS Lung Procurement & Management Program on Post-Transplant Survival - Real World Data from the Thoracic Organ Perfusion (TOP) Post-Approval Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Henricksen E, Lam M, Tulu Z, Kim D, Guevara-Castro A, Luikart H, Khush K, Moayedi Y, Lee R, Le T, Wang U, Han J, Wayda B, Njoroge J, Hsiao S, Zhang B, MacArthur J, Teuteberg J. Analysis of the Impact of Holding Angiotensin Inhibiting Medications at Various Time Points Prior to Heart Transplant and Primary Graft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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4
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Ruaengsri C, Shudo Y, Malki A, Neto D, Chen R, Bethencourt D, Hiesinger W, MacArthur J, Currie M, Boyd J, Guenthart B, Lee A, Woo J. Successful Heart Transplantation Using a Portable Normothermic Ex-Vivo Donor Heart Preservation System for Extended Criteria Donor after Circulatory Death: A Case Series with Extended Perfusion Times. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Loor G, Garcha P, Huddleston S, Hertz M, Hartwig M, Snyder L, Siddique A, Strah H, Kukreja J, Song T, Jablonski R, Smith M, Walia R, Arjuna A, Lozonschi L, Patel K, Katlaps G, Nemeh H, Suarez E, Huang H, Langer N, Madsen J, Lee A, Dhillon G, MacArthur J, Keshavamurthy S, Nandavaram S, Daneshmand M, Neujahr D, Bush E, Joyce D, Ardehali A, Budev M, McCurry K. Impact of OCS Lung Warm Perfusion Times on Post-Transplant Survival - "Real-World" Experience from Thoracic Organ Perfusion (TOP) Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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6
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Loor G, Garcha P, Huddleston S, Hertz M, Hartwig M, Snyder L, Siddique A, Strah H, Kukreja J, Song T, Jablonski R, Smith M, Walia R, Arjuna A, Lozonschi L, Patel K, Katlaps G, Nemeh H, Suarez E, Huang H, Langer N, Madsen J, Lee A, Dhillon G, MacArthur J, Keshavamurthy S, Nandavaram S, Daneshmand M, Neujahr D, Bush E, Joyce D, Ardehali A, Budev M, McCurry K. First Report of the Organ Care System (OCS) Thoracic Organ Perfusion (TOP) Post-Approval Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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7
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Bohon J, Gonzalez E, Grace C, Harris CT, Jacobsen B, Kachiguine S, Kim D, MacArthur J, Martinez-McKinney F, Mazza S, Nizam M, Norvell N, Padilla R, Potter E, Prakash T, Prebys E, Ryan E, Schumm BA, Smedley J, Stuart D, Tarka M, Torrecilla IS, Wilder M, Zhu D. Use of diamond sensors for a high-flux, high-rate X-ray pass-through diagnostic. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:595-601. [PMID: 35510992 PMCID: PMC9070720 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver pulses of coherent X-rays on the femtosecond time scale, with potentially high repetition rates. While XFELs provide high peak intensities, both the intensity and the centroid of the beam fluctuate strongly on a pulse-to-pulse basis, motivating high-rate beam diagnostics that operate over a large dynamic range. The fast drift velocity, low X-ray absorption and high radiation tolerance properties of chemical vapour deposition diamonds make these crystals a promising candidate material for developing a fast (multi-GHz) pass-through diagnostic for the next generation of XFELs. A new approach to the design of a diamond sensor signal path is presented, along with associated characterization studies performed in the XPP endstation of the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC. Qualitative charge collection profiles (collected charge versus time) are presented and compared with those from a commercially available detector. Quantitative results on the charge collection efficiency and signal collection times are presented over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in the generated electron-hole plasma density.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bohon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E. Gonzalez
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. T. Harris
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - B. Jacobsen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S. Kachiguine
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - D. Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J. MacArthur
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - F. Martinez-McKinney
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S. Mazza
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - M. Nizam
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - N. Norvell
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - R. Padilla
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - E. Potter
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - E. Prebys
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E. Ryan
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - B. A. Schumm
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - J. Smedley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - D. Stuart
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - M. Tarka
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - M. Wilder
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - D. Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Rhynas SJ, Garrido AG, MacArthur J, Harrison J, MacLullich A, Shenkin S. 133A Life Changing Decision: Exploring Different Perspectives Of Risk In Care Home Discharge Decision Making. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx068.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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MacArthur J, Bowler E, Cerezo M, Gil L, Hall P, Hastings E, Junkins H, McMahon A, Milano A, Morales J, Pendlington ZM, Welter D, Burdett T, Hindorff L, Flicek P, Cunningham F, Parkinson H. The new NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS Catalog). Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D896-D901. [PMID: 27899670 PMCID: PMC5210590 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1388] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog has provided data from published genome-wide association studies since 2008. In 2015, the database was redesigned and relocated to EMBL-EBI. The new infrastructure includes a new graphical user interface (www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/), ontology supported search functionality and an improved curation interface. These developments have improved the data release frequency by increasing automation of curation and providing scaling improvements. The range of available Catalog data has also been extended with structured ancestry and recruitment information added for all studies. The infrastructure improvements also support scaling for larger arrays, exome and sequencing studies, allowing the Catalog to adapt to the needs of evolving study design, genotyping technologies and user needs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline MacArthur
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Emily Bowler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Maria Cerezo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laurent Gil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Peggy Hall
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emma Hastings
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Heather Junkins
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aoife McMahon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Annalisa Milano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Joannella Morales
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Zoe May Pendlington
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Danielle Welter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Tony Burdett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Lucia Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Fiona Cunningham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
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10
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Jones MC, Ampleford DJ, Cuneo ME, Hohlfelder R, Jennings CA, Johnson DW, Jones B, Lopez MR, MacArthur J, Mills JA, Preston T, Rochau GA, Savage M, Spencer D, Sinars DB, Porter JL. X-ray power and yield measurements at the refurbished Z machine. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:083501. [PMID: 25173263 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Advancements have been made in the diagnostic techniques to measure accurately the total radiated x-ray yield and power from z-pinch implosion experiments at the Z machine with high accuracy. The Z machine is capable of outputting 2 MJ and 330 TW of x-ray yield and power, and accurately measuring these quantities is imperative. We will describe work over the past several years which include the development of new diagnostics, improvements to existing diagnostics, and implementation of automated data analysis routines. A set of experiments on the Z machine were conducted in which the load and machine configuration were held constant. During this shot series, it was observed that the total z-pinch x-ray emission power determined from the two common techniques for inferring the x-ray power, a Kimfol filtered x-ray diode diagnostic and the total power and energy diagnostic, gave 449 TW and 323 TW, respectively. Our analysis shows the latter to be the more accurate interpretation. More broadly, the comparison demonstrates the necessity to consider spectral response and field of view when inferring x-ray powers from z-pinch sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D J Ampleford
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - M E Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - R Hohlfelder
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - C A Jennings
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D W Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - B Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - M R Lopez
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J MacArthur
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J A Mills
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - T Preston
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G A Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - M Savage
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D Spencer
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D B Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Welter D, MacArthur J, Morales J, Burdett T, Hall P, Junkins H, Klemm A, Flicek P, Manolio T, Hindorff L, Parkinson H. The NHGRI GWAS Catalog, a curated resource of SNP-trait associations. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:D1001-6. [PMID: 24316577 PMCID: PMC3965119 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1981] [Impact Index Per Article: 198.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Catalog provides a publicly available manually curated collection of published GWAS assaying at least 100,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and all SNP-trait associations with P <1 × 10(-5). The Catalog includes 1751 curated publications of 11 912 SNPs. In addition to the SNP-trait association data, the Catalog also publishes a quarterly diagram of all SNP-trait associations mapped to the SNPs' chromosomal locations. The Catalog can be accessed via a tabular web interface, via a dynamic visualization on the human karyotype, as a downloadable tab-delimited file and as an OWL knowledge base. This article presents a number of recent improvements to the Catalog, including novel ways for users to interact with the Catalog and changes to the curation infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Welter
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacqueline MacArthur
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joannella Morales
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tony Burdett
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peggy Hall
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather Junkins
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan Klemm
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teri Manolio
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucia Hindorff
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Welter D, MacArthur J, Morales J, Burdett T, Hall P, Junkins H, Klemm A, Flicek P, Manolio T, Hindorff L, Parkinson H. The NHGRI GWAS Catalog, a curated resource of SNP-trait associations. Nucleic Acids Res 2013. [PMID: 24316577 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1229.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Catalog provides a publicly available manually curated collection of published GWAS assaying at least 100,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and all SNP-trait associations with P <1 × 10(-5). The Catalog includes 1751 curated publications of 11 912 SNPs. In addition to the SNP-trait association data, the Catalog also publishes a quarterly diagram of all SNP-trait associations mapped to the SNPs' chromosomal locations. The Catalog can be accessed via a tabular web interface, via a dynamic visualization on the human karyotype, as a downloadable tab-delimited file and as an OWL knowledge base. This article presents a number of recent improvements to the Catalog, including novel ways for users to interact with the Catalog and changes to the curation infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Welter
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK, Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA and Division of Policy, Communication and Education, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Brown M, MacArthur J, McKechanie A, Mack S, Hayes M, Fletcher J. Learning Disability Liaison Nursing Services in south-east Scotland: a mixed-methods impact and outcome study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2012; 56:1161-1174. [PMID: 22142456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been significant concerns about the care and treatment of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) when attending general hospitals, which have led to inquiries that highlight service and systems failures. One response has been the development of Learning Disability Liaison Nursing (LDLN) Services across the UK that aim to ensure that additional, specialist support is available for patients, their carers and general healthcare professionals. METHODS A mixed-methods study to investigate the impact of LDLN Services across four Scottish NHS boards was undertaken. In total, 323 referrals made over 18 months were analysed along with qualitative data drawn from interviews and focus groups with a sample of 85 participants including patients with ID (n = 5), carers (n = 16), primary care healthcare professionals (n = 39) and general hospital professionals (n = 19) and learning disability liaison nurses (n = 6). RESULTS The referral patterns to the four liaison nursing services closely matched the known health needs of adults with ID, with common admissions being due to neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal issues. The LDLN role was seen to be complex and impacted on three key areas: (i) clinical patient care; (ii) education and practice development; and (iii) strategic organisational developments. Specific patient outcomes were linked to issues relating to capacity and consent to treatment, fostering person-centred adjustments to care, augmenting communication and the liaison nurses acting as positive role models and ambassadors for people with ID. CONCLUSIONS The LDLN Services were valued by stakeholders by achieving person-centred outcomes. With their expert knowledge and skills, the liaison nurses had an important role in developing effective systems and processes within general hospital settings. The outcomes highlight the importance of supporting and promoting LDLN Services and the challenges in delivering the multifaceted elements of the role. There is a need to take account of the complex and multidimensional nature of the LDLN role and the possible tensions between achieving clinical outcomes, education and practice developments and organisational strategic initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brown
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, UK.
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Abstract
This article presents the findings of two studies undertaken during 2002 and 2003 that aimed to explore a range of professional issues facing research nurses. The results indicated that the position of research nurses is often complex because of a combination of contractual and accountability arrangements. This position can be intensified by feelings of isolation, a lack of professional support and limited specific educational opportunities. Experienced research nurses are often highly skilled in terms of their specialist clinical knowledge, and have a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of the research process, including methodological, ethical and practical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hill
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Edinburgh.
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Meng J, Wilke D, Clancey J, MacArthur J, Rutledge R. 92 Dosimetric feasibility of a two — phase versus a simultaneous integrated boost technique for dose escalated prostate radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(05)80253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MacArthur J, Stennies GM, Macheso A, Kolczak MS, Green MD, Ali D, Barat LM, Kazembe PN, Ruebush TK. Efficacy of mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection in Machinga District, Malawi, 1998. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 65:679-84. [PMID: 11791956 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Malaŵi changed its first-line antimalarial drug in 1993 from chloroquine to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Surveillance data has suggested that resistance to SP may be increasing. We compared the efficacy of SP with a potential successor, mefloquine (MQ). By use of a modified World Health Organization in vivo protocol, children infected with P. falciparum were randomized to receive SP (sulfadoxine 25 mg/kg) or MQ (15 mg/kg). We observed combined RII and RIII parasitologic failures of 20.0 and 22.0% in the SP and MQ arms, respectively. Among those in the MQ arm, the relative hazard of failing with a Day 2 drug level < 500 ng/mL was 10.6 times higher than those with levels > or = 500 ng/mL. Given the decreased efficacy of the first-line antimalarial drug and the high failure rates of MQ at this lower dosage, Malaŵi should consider assessing the efficacy and feasibility of alternative drugs to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J MacArthur
- Malaria Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA.
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Brown M, MacArthur J. Discriminating on grounds of need not disabilities. Nurs Times 1999; 95:48-9. [PMID: 10568976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Brown
- Lothian Primary Care NHS Trust
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Michell B, MacArthur J. Continuing professional development. Vet Rec 1989; 125:73. [PMID: 2773233 DOI: 10.1136/vr.125.3.73-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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MacArthur J. Changing role of the veterinary nurse. Vet Rec 1986; 118:379-80. [PMID: 3716091 DOI: 10.1136/vr.118.14.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Rabinov K, MacArthur J. Improved cannula instrument for operative cholangiography. Arch Surg 1980; 115:229. [PMID: 7356842 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1980.01380020095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
This simple, effective technique for performing intraoperative cholangiography uses a smooth-tipped side port cannula that is easily threaded into the cystic duct. Performance of intraoperative cholangiography is expedited by this method and artifacts commonly produced during cholangiography are avoided.
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