1
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Kwart D, He J, Srivatsan S, Lett C, Golubov J, Oswald EM, Poon P, Ye X, Waite J, Zaretsky AG, Haxhinasto S, Au-Yeung E, Gupta NT, Chiu J, Adler C, Cherravuru S, Malahias E, Negron N, Lanza K, Coppola A, Ni M, Song H, Wei Y, Atwal GS, Macdonald L, Oristian NS, Poueymirou W, Jankovic V, Fury M, Lowy I, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Wang B, Skokos D. Cancer cell-derived type I interferons instruct tumor monocyte polarization. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111769. [PMID: 36476866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are highly plastic immune cells that modulate antitumor immunity. Therefore, identifying factors that regulate tumor monocyte functions is critical for developing effective immunotherapies. Here, we determine that endogenous cancer cell-derived type I interferons (IFNs) control monocyte functional polarization. Guided by single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human and mouse tumors, we devise a strategy to distinguish and separate immunostimulatory from immunosuppressive tumor monocytes by surface CD88 and Sca-1 expression. Leveraging this approach, we show that cGAS-STING-regulated cancer cell-derived IFNs polarize immunostimulatory monocytes associated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy response in mice. We also demonstrate that immunosuppressive monocytes convert into immunostimulatory monocytes upon cancer cell-intrinsic cGAS-STING activation. Consistently, we find that human cancer cells can produce type I IFNs that polarize monocytes, and our immunostimulatory monocyte gene signature is enriched in patient tumors that respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Our work exposes a role for cancer cell-derived IFNs in licensing monocyte functions that influence immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Kwart
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jing He
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joyce Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hang Song
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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2
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Waite JC, Wang B, Haber L, Hermann A, Ullman E, Ye X, Dudgeon D, Slim R, Ajithdoss DK, Godin SJ, Ramos I, Wu Q, Oswald E, Poon P, Golubov J, Grote D, Stella J, Pawashe A, Finney J, Herlihy E, Ahmed H, Kamat V, Dorvilliers A, Navarro E, Xiao J, Kim J, Yang SN, Warsaw J, Lett C, Canova L, Schulenburg T, Foster R, Krueger P, Garnova E, Rafique A, Babb R, Chen G, Stokes Oristian N, Siao CJ, Daly C, Gurer C, Martin J, Macdonald L, MacDonald D, Poueymirou W, Smith E, Lowy I, Thurston G, Olson W, Lin JC, Sleeman MA, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Skokos D. Tumor-targeted CD28 bispecific antibodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/549/eaba2325. [PMID: 32581132 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that block the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, many major tumor types remain unresponsive to anti-PD-1 therapy, and even among responsive tumor types, most of the patients do not develop durable antitumor immunity. It has been shown that bispecific antibodies activate T cells by cross-linking the TCR/CD3 complex with a tumor-specific antigen (TSA). The class of TSAxCD3 bispecific antibodies have generated exciting results in early clinical trials. We have recently described another class of "costimulatory bispecifics" that cross-link a TSA to CD28 (TSAxCD28) and cooperate with TSAxCD3 bispecifics. Here, we demonstrate that these TSAxCD28 bispecifics (one specific for prostate cancer and the other for epithelial tumors) can also synergize with the broader anti-PD-1 approach and endow responsiveness-as well as long-term immune memory-against tumors that otherwise do not respond to anti-PD-1 alone. Unlike CD28 superagonists, which broadly activate T cells and induce cytokine storm, TSAxCD28 bispecifics display little or no toxicity when used alone or in combination with a PD-1 blocker in genetically humanized immunocompetent mouse models or in primates and thus may provide a well-tolerated and "off the shelf" combination approach with PD-1 immunotherapy that can markedly enhance antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle C Waite
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauric Haber
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aynur Hermann
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erica Ullman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Drew Dudgeon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Rabih Slim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani K Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephen J Godin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ilyssa Ramos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erin Oswald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacquelynn Golubov
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Devon Grote
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jennifer Stella
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Arpita Pawashe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jennifer Finney
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Evan Herlihy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Amanda Dorvilliers
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elizabeth Navarro
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jenny Xiao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Julie Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacqueline Warsaw
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Clarissa Lett
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauren Canova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Teresa Schulenburg
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Randi Foster
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Pamela Krueger
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elena Garnova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Robert Babb
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Chia-Jen Siao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Christopher Daly
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Cagan Gurer
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joel Martin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lynn Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Douglas MacDonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Poueymirou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Eric Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - John C Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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3
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Skokos D, Waite JC, Haber L, Crawford A, Hermann A, Ullman E, Slim R, Godin S, Ajithdoss D, Ye X, Wang B, Wu Q, Ramos I, Pawashe A, Canova L, Vazzana K, Ram P, Herlihy E, Ahmed H, Oswald E, Golubov J, Poon P, Havel L, Chiu D, Lazo M, Provoncha K, Yu K, Kim J, Warsaw JJ, Stokes Oristian N, Siao CJ, Dudgeon D, Huang T, Potocky T, Martin J, MacDonald D, Oyejide A, Rafique A, Poueymirou W, Kirshner JR, Smith E, Olson W, Lin J, Thurston G, Sleeman MA, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD. A class of costimulatory CD28-bispecific antibodies that enhance the antitumor activity of CD3-bispecific antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/525/eaaw7888. [PMID: 31915305 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex to peptide-major histocompatibility complexes ("signal 1"); activation is enhanced by engagement of a second "costimulatory" receptor, such as the CD28 receptor on T cells binding to its cognate ligand(s) on the target cell ("signal 2"). CD3-based bispecific antibodies act by replacing conventional signal 1, linking T cells to tumor cells by binding a tumor-specific antigen (TSA) with one arm of the bispecific and bridging to TCR/CD3 with the other. Although some of these so-called TSAxCD3 bispecifics have demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy in patients with cancer, their activity remains to be optimized. Here, we introduce a class of bispecific antibodies that mimic signal 2 by bridging TSA to the costimulatory CD28 receptor on T cells. We term these TSAxCD28 bispecifics and describe two such bispecific antibodies: one specific for ovarian and the other for prostate cancer antigens. Unlike CD28 superagonists, which broadly activate T cells and resulted in profound toxicity in early clinical trials, these TSAxCD28 bispecifics show limited activity and no toxicity when used alone in genetically humanized immunocompetent mouse models or in primates. However, when combined with TSAxCD3 bispecifics, they enhance the artificial synapse between a T cell and its target cell, potentiate T cell activation, and markedly improve antitumor activity of CD3 bispecifics in a variety of xenogeneic and syngeneic tumor models. Combining this class of CD28-costimulatory bispecific antibodies with the emerging class of TSAxCD3 bispecifics may provide well-tolerated, off-the-shelf antibody therapies with robust antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Janelle C Waite
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauric Haber
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Alison Crawford
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Aynur Hermann
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erica Ullman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Rabih Slim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephen Godin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ilyssa Ramos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Arpita Pawashe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauren Canova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kristin Vazzana
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Priyanka Ram
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Evan Herlihy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erin Oswald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacquelynn Golubov
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lauren Havel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Danica Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Miguel Lazo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kathleen Provoncha
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kevin Yu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Julie Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Warsaw
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Chia-Jen Siao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Drew Dudgeon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Terra Potocky
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joel Martin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Douglas MacDonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Adelekan Oyejide
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Poueymirou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jessica R Kirshner
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Eric Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - John Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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4
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Wang B, Zhang W, Jankovic V, Golubov J, Poon P, Oswald EM, Gurer C, Wei J, Ramos I, Wu Q, Waite J, Ni M, Adler C, Wei Y, Macdonald L, Rowlands T, Brydges S, Siao J, Poueymirou W, MacDonald D, Yancopoulos GD, Sleeman MA, Murphy AJ, Skokos D. Combination cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and GITR can rescue CD8+ T cell dysfunction and maintain memory phenotype. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/29/eaat7061. [PMID: 30389797 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with cancer do not develop durable antitumor responses after programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) checkpoint inhibition monotherapy because of an ephemeral reversal of T cell dysfunction and failure to promote long-lasting immunological T cell memory. Activating costimulatory pathways to induce stronger T cell activation may improve the efficacy of checkpoint inhibition and lead to durable antitumor responses. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of more than 2000 tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in mice receiving both PD-1 and GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein) antibodies and found that this combination synergistically enhanced the effector function of expanded CD8+ T cells by restoring the balance of key homeostatic regulators CD226 and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), leading to a robust survival benefit. Combination therapy decreased CD8+ T cell dysfunction and induced a highly proliferative precursor effector memory T cell phenotype in a CD226-dependent manner. PD-1 inhibition rescued CD226 activity by preventing PD-1-Src homology region 2 (SHP2) dephosphophorylation of the CD226 intracellular domain, whereas GITR agonism decreased TIGIT expression. Unmasking the molecular pathways driving durable antitumor responses will be essential to the development of rational approaches to optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Erin M Oswald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Cagan Gurer
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joyce Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ilyssa Ramos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Janelle Waite
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Christina Adler
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lynn Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tracey Rowlands
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Jean Siao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,Tarrytown, New York, NY 10591, USA.
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5
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Billiard F, Karaliota S, Wang B, Stellas D, Serafimidis I, Manousopoulou A, Koutmani Y, Ninou E, Golubov J, DaNave A, Tsakanikas P, Xin Y, Zhang W, Sleeman M, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Garbis SD, Karalis K, Skokos D. Delta-like Ligand-4-Notch Signaling Inhibition Regulates Pancreatic Islet Function and Insulin Secretion. Cell Rep 2018; 22:895-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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6
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Córdova-Acosta E, Zavala-Hurtado JA, Golubov J, Casas A. Reproductive biology of Ferocactus recurvus (Mill.) Borg subsp. recurvus (Cactaceae) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2017; 19:798-805. [PMID: 28561940 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mexico has one of the highest diversities of barrel cacti species worldwide; however, all are threatened and require conservation policies. Information on their reproductive biology is crucial, but few studies are available. Ferocactus recurvus subsp. recurvus is a barrel cactus endemic to the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley. Our research aimed to characterise its floral and pollination biology. We hypothesised bee pollination, as suggested by its floral morphology and behaviour, and self-incompatibility, like most barrel cacti studied. Three study sites were selected in the semiarid Zapotitlán Valley, Mexico. We examined 190 flowers from 180 plants to determine: morphometry and behaviour of flowers, flower visitors and probable pollinators, and breeding system. Flowers showed diurnal anthesis, lasting 2-5 days, the stigma being receptive on day 2 or 3 after the start of anthesis. Flowers produced scarce/no nectar and main visitors were bees (Apidae), followed by flies (Muscidae), ants (Formicidae), thrips (Thripidae) and hummingbirds (Throchilidae); however, only native bees and occasionally wasps contacted the stigma and anthers. Pollination experiments revealed that this species is self-incompatible and xenogamous. In natural conditions, fruit set was 60% and cross-pollination fruit set was 100%. Percentage seed germination resulting from cross-pollination was higher than in the control treatment. Our results provide ecological information for conservation programmes to ensure a high probability of breeding and seed production in natural populations of F. recurvus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Córdova-Acosta
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, México
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, México
| | - J A Zavala-Hurtado
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, México
| | - J Golubov
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Col. Villa Quietud, México, México
| | - A Casas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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7
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Martínez AJ, López-Portillo J, Eben A, Golubov J. Cerambycid girdling and water stress modify mesquite architecture and reproduction. POPUL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-009-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Palleiro N, Mandujano MC, Golubov J. Aborted fruits of Opuntia microdasys (Cactaceae): insurance against reproductive failure. Am J Bot 2006; 93:505-511. [PMID: 21646210 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.4.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
New individuals in clonal populations arise through the recruitment of sexual or clonal offspring. The predominance of one type of regeneration over the other has been correlated with different selective environmental pressures. We compared the reproductive mode (sexual through seeds and vegetative through plantlets or detached cladodes) of Opuntia microdasys from three desert habitats of the Chihuahuan Desert: bajada (BH), hill-piedmont (HPH), and an interdune (IDH). Successful establishment and growth of plantlets were determined in two experiments: (1) the effect of light (three levels of photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]: full, low, and medium) and two levels of watering and (2) maternal effects and provenance of plantlets. Adult plant densities did not differ among habitats (639 individuals/ha), but the number of offspring and fruit production increased significantly at BH. Plantlets (94.3%) dominated the form of recruitment for all habitats, followed by cladodes (3.1%) and seedlings (2.6%). A higher proportion of plantlets established in the low and medium PAR treatments (76%) in comparison to full exposure (39%). Maternal factors affected survival and growth, but plantlet provenance did not. The high fruit abortion rate resulting from environmental and maternal effects provided suitable conditions for establishment of plantlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Palleiro
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Laboratorio de Dinámica de Poblaciones y Evolución de Historias de Vida, Apartado Postal 70-275 Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, C.P. 04510 México, D.F., México
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Golubov J, Eguiarte LE, Mandujano MC, López-Portillo J, Montaña C. Why be a honeyless honey mesquite? Reproduction and mating system of nectarful and nectarless individuals. Am J Bot 1999; 86:955-963. [PMID: 10406718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Populations of Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana in the Chihuahuan desert have a fixed dimorphic system of nectar production in which half the individuals produce nectar (are nectarful) and the other half are nectarless. We analyzed the impact of nectar production on different estimates of fitness, comparing nectarful against nectarless individuals in size, mating system, seed traits, and fruit set in a 1-ha scrubland. Of the reproductive individuals (358), 46% were nectarful and 54% were nectarless. Neither tree size nor flowering phenology differed between nectar morphs. Fixation indices (F) for both progeny (F = -0.2) and adults (F = -0.45) were negative, and high heterozygosities were found in adults and progeny (H = 0.45). No differences were found between nectar morphs for F, H, and single (t(s) = 1.1) and multilocus (t(m) = 1.03) outcrossing rates. Controlled pollinations showed differences between selfing and control treatments with no differences between nectar morphs. Nectarless individuals produced significantly more pollen grains than did nectar producers, but all other measured floral traits showed no differences. Nectarful trees were visited by pollinators 21 times more often and had a significantly higher overall fruit set than did nectarless trees. No differences between nectar morphs in seed mass or in percentage seed germination were found, but heavier seeds tended to have higher heterozygosities. Both morphs had similar success as females, but nectarless trees had ∼7% higher male function. We discuss three possible scenarios for the evolution of the fixed dimorphism in nectar production, two involving unstable phases (substitution of one morph by the other, and evolution towards dioecy) and one stable scenario (maintenance of the dimorphic system).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Golubov
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Aptdo. Postal 70-275, Cd. Universitaria, UNAM 04510, México D.F.; and
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Abstract
Since gastric acid is an important luminal factor in the absorption of non-heme iron, the effect of omeprazole on the absorption of iron in a rat model was studied. Iron absorption studies were performed on rats on a normal diet (N = 42) and rats fed an iron-deficient diet (N = 43) for three weeks. Rats were orally dosed with 40 mumol/kg of omeprazole or placebo daily for two days prior to iron absorption studies. Rats were orally dosed with 1 mmol of ferrous chloride, ferric chloride or food iron (dietary suspension) containing 11 micrograms of iron and labeled with 1 microCi of 59Fe. Omeprazole-treated rats on the normal diet had no significant reduction in the absorption of ferric, ferrous, or food iron. In the rats on the iron-deficient diet, the absorption of ferrous iron decreased from 76 +/- 7.5% (mean +/- SE) in control rats to 38 +/- 8.5% in the omeprazole-treated rats (P less than 0.003) and the absorption of food iron decreased from 65 +/- 7.5% in control rats to 37 +/- 6.5% in the omeprazole-treated rats (P less than 0.016). There was no significant reduction in the absorption of ferric iron. Omeprazole therapy is unlikely to be associated with significant iron malabsorption in normal patients but may reduce iron absorption in pathological states associated with increased iron absorption such as iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Golubov
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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