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Mitra S, Bhagwan J, William A, Siddiqui O, Saxena S. Paeniclostridium sordellii causing liver abscess: A rare case report in India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 49:100595. [PMID: 38641008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Paeniclostridium sordellii, an anaerobic bacterium, causes hepatic infections in alcoholics and post-surgery (liver transplantation). While liver and brain abscesses are rare, drainage procedures and targeted antibiotic therapy assisted by early microbiological diagnosis have reduced mortality rates. We report a rare case of pyogenic liver abscess caused by Paeniclostridium sordellii in India, the early diagnosis of which has led to life saving outcome for the patient. Hence, the microbiological diagnosis and comprehensive medical-surgical treatment are vital for preventing mortality in Paeniclostridium sordellii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India.
| | - Jai Bhagwan
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India.
| | - Ashish William
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India.
| | - Oves Siddiqui
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India.
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi, India.
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Tlhagale M, Liphadzi S, Bhagwan J, Naidoo V, Jonas K, van Vuuren L, Medema G, Andrews L, Béen F, Ferreira ML, Saatci AM, Alpaslan Kocamemi B, Hassard F, Singer AC, Bunce JT, Grimsley JMS, Brown M, Jones DL. Establishment of local wastewater-based surveillance programmes in response to the spread and infection of COVID-19 - case studies from South Africa, the Netherlands, Turkey and England. J Water Health 2022; 20:287-299. [PMID: 36366987 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 340 million infection cases (as of 21 January 2022) and more than 5.57 million deaths globally. In reaction, science, technology and innovation communities across the globe have organised themselves to contribute to national responses to COVID-19 disease. A significant contribution has been from the establishment of wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance interventions and programmes for monitoring the spread of COVID-19 in at least 55 countries. Here, we examine and share experiences and lessons learnt in establishing such surveillance programmes. We use case studies to highlight testing methods and logistics considerations associated in scaling the implementing of such programmes in South Africa, the Netherlands, Turkey and England. The four countries were selected to represent different regions of the world and the perspective based on the considerable progress made in establishing and implementing their national WBE programmes. The selected countries also represent different climatic zones, economies, and development stages, which influence the implementation of national programmes of this nature and magnitude. In addition, the four countries' programmes offer good experiences and lessons learnt since they are systematic, and cover extensive areas, disseminate knowledge locally and internationally and partnered with authorities (government). The programmes also strengthened working relations and partnerships between and among local and global organisations. This paper shares these experiences and lessons to encourage others in the water and public health sectors on the benefits and value of WBE in tackling SARS-CoV-2 and related future circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tlhagale
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - S Liphadzi
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail: ; Univerisity of Venda, University Rd, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - J Bhagwan
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - V Naidoo
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - K Jonas
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - L van Vuuren
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - G Medema
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - L Andrews
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - F Béen
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - M L Ferreira
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - A M Saatci
- Turkish Water Institute (SUEN), Libadiye Cad. 54 Küçükçamlıca Üsküdar 34696, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Alpaslan Kocamemi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, Kadıkoy 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Hassard
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, UNISA Science Campus, 1710 Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - J T Bunce
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0LT, UK; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Seacole Building, 2 Marsham Street, London SW1P 4DF, UK
| | - J M S Grimsley
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0LT, UK
| | - M Brown
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0LT, UK; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - D L Jones
- Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
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Bhagwan J, Kumar A, Kumar R, Goyal L, Goel P, Kumar S. Molecular evidence of Theileria equi infection in Hyalomma anatolicum ticks infested on sero-positive Indian horses. Acta Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26204002 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A sizeable Indian equine population is considered to be pre-immune carrier of Theileria equi infection. In this study we confirmed the presence of T. equi specific DNA in Hyalomma anatolicum ticks which were infested on sero-positive horses. Fifty two Indigenous horses were randomly selected from endemic areas and their blood and tick samples were collected. Tick salivary glands and blood samples were processed for separation of DNA and serum, respectively. Serum samples were analyzed by EMA-2ELISA and nine horses were found positive for T. equi specific antibodies. Species-specific primers were designed from EMA-2 gene of T. equi, so as to amplify 398 bp fragment in PCR. The gene fragment was amplified in PCR on the DNA samples (from blood) from these nine sero-positive horses. Corresponding six tick's DNA samples collected from these nine seropositive animals were observed positive in PCR. Further, qPCR assay demonstrated presence of T. equi DNA in infected tick's salivary glands, which was also confirmed by microscopic examination of infected acinar. This study concluded that Hyalomma anatolicum ticks infested on T. equi seropositive horses have sporozoite developmental stage in their salivary glands, which is an evidence for transmitting potential of these tick among Indian horse population.
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Yadav S, Jain SK, Arora JK, Sharma P, Sharma A, Bhagwan J, Goyal K, Sahoo BS. Traumatic abdominal wall hernia: Delayed repair: Advantageous or taxing. Int J Surg Case Rep 2012; 4:36-9. [PMID: 23103630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is a rare entity. Most cases occur in children, following an injury from the bicycle handle bar. In adults, it usually results from road traffic accidents (RTA). We present one of the largest reported cases of TAWH following RTA managed by delayed mesh repair. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 35yr old obese male with RTA was diagnosed with TAWH with 19cm×15cm defect in left flank. As there were no intra abdominal injuries and overlying skin was abraded, he was planned for elective repair after 6 months. On exploration a defect of 30cm×45cm was found extending from midline anteriorly to 8cm short of midline posteriorly in transverse axis and costal margin to iliac crest in craniocaudal axis. After restoration of bowel into abdominal cavity, primary closure or even approximation of muscular defect was not possible thus a mesh closure using 60cm×60cm prolene mesh in subcutaneous plane was done. After 4 months follow up, patient is healthy and has no recurrence. DISCUSSION Emergent surgical management of TAWH is usually favoured due to high incidence of associated intra abdominal injuries. Delayed repair may be undertaken in selected cases. CONCLUSION TAWH, although rare, should be suspected in cases of RTA with abdominal wall swellings. With time, the hernia defect may enlarge and muscles may undergo atrophy making delayed repair difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Yadav
- Department of surgery, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Rewari BB, Purohit V, Chhabra RM, Bhagwan J. Emergencies in HIV--part 2. J Assoc Physicians India 2008; 56:783-786. [PMID: 19263705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In a short span of two and a half decades, HIV/AIDS has emerged as second largest killer disease that has affected mankind. The triple drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) has ensured a reasonably good quality of life to HIV infected individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several opportunistic infections/malignancies that may be life threatening and need quick intervention by health care workers. These emergencies could be related to opportunistic infections that are seen at presentation or that occur as the immune system gets weaker, or may bedue to HIV itself per se. The emergencies could also result from use of antiretroviral drugs like lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, bone marrow suppression and may include the immune reconstitution syndromes. The emergencies due to the opportunistic conditions and HIV per se had been dealt with in detail in the part 1, and this part describes various emergencies that could be encountered due to the administration of the anti retroviral treatment. Some patients may present due to emergencies as a result of co-administration of antiretroviral drugs with drugs used for treatment of some opportunistic infections like ATT etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Rewari
- RML Hospital, National AIDS Control Organisation, New Delhi
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