(How) ChatGPT-Artificial Intelligence Thinks It Can Help/Harm Physiatry

ABSTRACT

ChatGPT is a chatbot that is based on the generative pretrained transformer architecture as an artificial inteligence-based large language model. Its widespread use in healthcare practice, research, and education seems to be (increasingly) inevitable. Also considering the relevant limitations regarding privacy, ethics, bias, legal, and validity, in this article, its use as a supplement (for sure not as a substitute for physicians) is discussed in light of the recent literature. Particularly, the "opinion" of ChatGPT about how it can help/harm physiatry is exemplified.

EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM Dynamic Ultrasound Protocols for Ankle/Foot

ABSTRACT

In this dynamic scanning protocol, ultrasound examination of the ankle is described using various maneuvers to assess different conditions. Real-time patient examination and scanning videos are used for better simulation of daily clinical practice. The protocol is prepared by several/international experts in the field of musculoskeletal ultrasound and within the umbrella of European Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study Group in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine/Ultrasound Study Group of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.

Ultrasound-guided injection of the achilles paratenon: A cadaveric investigation

BACKGROUND

Injections around the Achilles tendon (AT) are commonly performed in clinical practice to manage non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy, but the presence/distribution of the injectate with relation to its sheath has not been assessed specifically. Accordingly, the aim of this cadaveric investigation was to demonstrate the feasibility of Achilles paratenon injection under ultrasound guidance - by confirming the exact needle positioning as well as the dye distribution inside the paratenon lumen.

METHODS

A descriptive laboratory study with three human cadaveric specimens (one fresh cadaver and two cadavers embalmed using the Fix for Life (F4L) method) was performed in a tertiary-care academic institution. The interventional technique and the related anatomical findings were illustrated. During the injection, the needle was advanced inside the Achilles paratenon under ultrasound guidance i.e. in-plane medial-to-lateral approach. With the objective to confirm its correct placement, the needle was kept in situ on the right AT of the fresh cadaver. Likewise, to demonstrate the location of the dye inside the lumen of Achilles paratenon, the other five ATs - four on the embalmed cadavers and one on the fresh cadaver - were injected with 5 mL of green color dye. After removal of the needle, a layer-by-layer anatomical dissection was performed on all three cadavers.

RESULTS

On the right AT of the fresh cadaver, the position of the needle's tip within the Achilles paratenon was confirmed. Accurate placement of the dye inside the paratenon lumen was confirmed in four (80%) ATs, one of the fresh and three of the embalmed cadavers. No spread inside the crural fascia compartment or between the AT and the Kager's fat pad was observed. Herewith, unintentional spilling of the dye within the superficial soft tissues of the posterior leg was reported in the left AT of one of the two embalmed cadavers (20%).

CONCLUSIONS

Ultrasound-guided injection using the in-plane, medial-to-lateral approach can accurately target the lumen of Achilles paratenon.

Mnemonics and Metaphorical Videos for Detecting/Diagnosing Musculoskeletal Sonopathologies

ABSTRACT

Musculoskeletal ultrasound identifies a broad range of pathologies. Typical sonographic images of certain pathological/abnormal conditions can be rendered and "highlighted" for the daily practice/language of musculoskeletal sonographers. The following text and accompanying figures/videos represent a collection of findings pertaining to commonplace pathological conditions. This article is the second part of a series-after the characteristic/metaphoric descriptions of normal musculoskeletal structures.

EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM Dynamic Ultrasound Protocols for (Adult) Hip

ABSTRACT

In this dynamic scanning protocol, ultrasound assessment of the adult hip is described using different maneuvers for various conditions. Real-time patient examination and ultrasound scanning videos are coupled for convenience as well as for better insight. The text covers the common conditions around the hip where especially dynamic ultrasound scanning provides valuable information in addition to static imaging. The protocol is prepared by an international consensus of several experts in the field of musculoskeletal ultrasound.

The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children

INTRODUCTION

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions (closed schools and sports centers, social isolation, masks) may have a negative impact on children's health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) of Czech children during COVID-19 in autumn 2020.

METHODS

Ninety-eight Czech children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.47 years) completed the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Czech Children (PAQ-C/cz) during COVID lockdown. Data were compared with previously published norms. Thirty-five children also reported daily number of steps measured by accelerometers.

RESULTS

Total PAQ-C score was 0.38 lower during COVID compared to Pre-COVID [t(302) = 5.118., p < .001]. The male PAQ-C total score was 0.37 lower [t(146) = 3.21., p = .002)] and the female total score was 0.39 lower [t(154) = 3.97., p < .001] during COVID compared to Pre-COVID. Specifically, responses of PA during spare time, before-school, physical education (PE), and recess were significantly lower during COVID. The average number of steps was 7.767 steps/day (boys = 9.255; girls = 6.982).

CONCLUSION

COVID lockdown resulted in significant reduction of PA in Czech children. Strategies to promote adequate PA of children during the pandemic need to be determined.

Ultrasound Imaging and Guidance in Common Wrist/Hand Pathologies

ABSTRACT

Wrist/hand pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition with a great spectrum of etiologies (varying from overuse injuries to soft tissue tumors). Although most of the anatomical structures are quite superficial and easily evaluated during physical examination, for several reasons, the use of ultrasound imaging and guidance has gained an intriguing and paramount concern in the prompt management of relevant patients. In this aspect, the present review aims to illustrate detailed cadaveric wrist/hand anatomy to shed light into better understanding the corresponding ultrasonographic examinations/interventions in carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, rhizarthrosis, and the radiocarpal joint arthritis. In addition, evidence from the literature supporting the rationale why ultrasound guidance is henceforth unconditional in musculoskeletal practice is also exemplified.

Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: From Ultrasound Scanning to Treatment

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is commonly encountered in clinical practice. It results from either static or dynamic compression of the ulnar nerve. While the retroepicondylar groove and its surrounding structures are quite superficial, the use of ultrasound (US) imaging is associated with the following advantages: (1) an excellent spatial resolution allows a detailed morphological assessment of the ulnar nerve and adjacent structures, (2) dynamic imaging represents the gold standard for assessing the ulnar nerve stability in the retroepicondylar groove during flexion/extension, and (3) US guidance bears the capability of increasing the accuracy and safety of injections. This review aims to illustrate the ulnar nerve's detailed anatomy at the elbow using cadaveric images to understand better both static and dynamic imaging of the ulnar nerve around the elbow. Pathologies covering ulnar nerve instability, idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome, space-occupying lesions (e.g., ganglion, heterotopic ossification, aberrant veins, and anconeus epitrochlearis muscle) are presented. Additionally, the authors also exemplify the scientific evidence from the literature supporting the proposition that US guidance is beneficial in injection therapy of UNE. The non-surgical management description covers activity modifications, splinting, neuromobilization/gliding exercise, and physical agents. In the operative treatment description, an emphasis is put on two commonly used approaches-in situ decompression and anterior transpositions.

The utility of ultrasound examination in cubital tunnel syndrome caused by heterotopic ossification

This case presents the utility of ultrasound examination in diagnostics, providing accurate therapy and follow-up of entrapment syndrome of the ulnar nerve, caused by heterotopic ossification. The heterotopic ossifications were in this case presumably linked to a long-term working with a vibration sander.