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Dordas-Perpinya M, Sergeant N, Yanez-Ortiz I, Catalan J, Delehedde M, Bruyas J, Briand-Amirat L, Miro J. 176 Characterisation of proAKAP4 expression, metabolism, and localisation in. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv35n2ab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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2
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Xia T, Catalan J, Hu C, Batterman S. Development of a mobile platform for monitoring gaseous, particulate, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 193:7. [PMID: 33313969 PMCID: PMC9987650 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Michigan Pollution Assessment Laboratory (MPAL) is a mobile air quality monitoring platform designed to measure conventional, toxic, and greenhouse gas (GHG) air pollutants. The spatially and temporally resolved data collected can be used for multiple purposes, such as mapping spatial patterns and identifying peaks. The truck-based platform includes instrumentation for 11 gaseous pollutants and for particulate matter (PM), size distribution (7 nm to 20 μm), PM10, black and brown carbon, and trace metals. MPAL is equipped with meteorological instruments, a high-accuracy GPS, forward and reverse cameras, and a data logging and display system. We selected commercially available instrumentation based on sensitivity, response time, and robustness. The vehicle's power system allows ~ 6.5 h of continuous operation with all instruments operating. This article details the design, construction, and evaluation of MPAL and summarizes data collected in its first year (March 2019 to March 2020) of operation. We completed a series of runs on 84 days in Detroit, Michigan, an area with a diverse set of traffic, industrial, and commercial emission sources, and collected 265,816 1-s observations (excluding collocations, zero checks, and other quality assurance measurements). Using data from these runs as well as special tests, we present results of performance evaluations that examined the response time, PM losses, and wind measurements and compare results to stationary regulatory monitoring data. We highlight key issues and provide practical solutions to help evaluate and resolve these issues and share many lessons learned in developing and using a mobile platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - James Catalan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stuart Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Temple S, Catalan J. Group Work with Patients following Deliberate Self-Poisoning or Self-Injury: Description of Some Therapeutic Strategies. Br J Occup Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030802267704001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Temple
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX
| | - J. Catalan
- Oxford University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX
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Barber TJ, Bansi L, Pozniak A, Asboe D, Nelson M, Moyle G, Davies N, Margetts A, Ratcliffe D, Catalan J, Boffito M, Gazzard B. Low levels of neurocognitive impairment detected in screening HIV-infected men who have sex with men: The MSM Neurocog Study. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 28:715-722. [PMID: 27510645 DOI: 10.1177/0956462416665061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected men who have sex with men aged 18-50 years, using a simple battery of screening tests in routine clinical appointments. Those with suspected abnormalities were referred on for further assessment. The cohort was also followed up over time to look at evolving changes. HIV-infected participants were recruited at three clinical sites in London during from routine clinical visits. They could be clinician or self-referred and did not need to be symptomatic. They completed questionnaires on anxiety, depression, and memory. They were then screened using the Brief Neurocognitive Screen (BNCS) and International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS). Two hundred and five HIV-infected subjects were recruited. Of these, 59 patients were excluded as having a mood disorder and two patients were excluded due to insufficient data, leaving 144 patients for analysis. One hundred and twenty-four (86.1%) had a normal composite z score (within 1 SD of mean) calculated for their scores on the three component tests of the BNCS. Twenty (13.9%) had an abnormal z score, of which seven (35%) were symptomatic and 13 (65%) asymptomatic. Current employment and previous educational level were significantly associated with BNCS scores. Of those referred onwards for diagnostic testing, only one participant was found to have impairment likely related to HIV infection. We were able to easily screen for mood disorders and cognitive impairment in routine clinical practice. We identified a high level of depression and anxiety in our cohort. Using simple screening tests in clinic and an onward referral process for further testing, we were not able to identify neurocognitive impairment in this cohort at levels consistent with published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Barber
- 1 SSAT Clinical Trials Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Bansi
- 3 HIV Critical Epidemiology, 2nd Biostatistics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Pozniak
- 4 Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Asboe
- 4 Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Nelson
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 4 Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Moyle
- 4 Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N Davies
- 4 Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Margetts
- 5 Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, South Kensington and Chelsea Mental Health Centre, London, UK
| | - D Ratcliffe
- 5 Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, South Kensington and Chelsea Mental Health Centre, London, UK
| | - J Catalan
- 5 Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, South Kensington and Chelsea Mental Health Centre, London, UK
| | - M Boffito
- 1 SSAT Clinical Trials Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Gazzard
- 1 SSAT Clinical Trials Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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5
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Hall-Craggs MA, Williams IG, Wilkinson ID, Paley M, Chinn RJ, Chong WK, Kendall BE, Harrison MJ, Baldeweg T, Pugh K, Riccio M, Catalan J, Weller IV. Proton Spectroscopy in a Cross-Section of HIV-Positive Asymptomatic Patients Receiving Immediate Compared with Deferred Zidovudine (Concorde Study). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:103-13. [PMID: 16873173 DOI: 10.1300/j128v01n03_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine by proton spectroscopy for any difference in cerebral metabolites in patients taking part in the Concorde study (comparing the efficacy of immediate versus deferred treatment with zidovudine on asymptomatic HIV infected individuals). Forty seven HIV positive male patients [29 immediate, 18 deferred zidovudine] were examined in the last 9 months of the therapeutic trial. Magnetic resonance imaging and proton spectroscopy were performed at 1.5 Tesla using a single voxel placed in the parieto-occipital white matter. No significant difference was found in metabolite ratios comparing immediate versus deferred zidovudine (NA/NA+Cho+Cr 0.52 vs. 0.52). High quality spectra were acquired in relatively large numbers of patients and logistically spectroscopy may be applied to clinical therapeutic studies.
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Tromer RM, Barbosa MB, Bartumeus F, Catalan J, da Luz MGE, Raposo EP, Viswanathan GM. Inferring Lévy walks from curved trajectories: A rescaling method. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:022147. [PMID: 26382383 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.022147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An important problem in the study of anomalous diffusion and transport concerns the proper analysis of trajectory data. The analysis and inference of Lévy walk patterns from empirical or simulated trajectories of particles in two and three-dimensional spaces (2D and 3D) is much more difficult than in 1D because path curvature is nonexistent in 1D but quite common in higher dimensions. Recently, a new method for detecting Lévy walks, which considers 1D projections of 2D or 3D trajectory data, has been proposed by Humphries et al. The key new idea is to exploit the fact that the 1D projection of a high-dimensional Lévy walk is itself a Lévy walk. Here, we ask whether or not this projection method is powerful enough to cleanly distinguish 2D Lévy walk with added curvature from a simple Markovian correlated random walk. We study the especially challenging case in which both 2D walks have exactly identical probability density functions (pdf) of step sizes as well as of turning angles between successive steps. Our approach extends the original projection method by introducing a rescaling of the projected data. Upon projection and coarse-graining, the renormalized pdf for the travel distances between successive turnings is seen to possess a fat tail when there is an underlying Lévy process. We exploit this effect to infer a Lévy walk process in the original high-dimensional curved trajectory. In contrast, no fat tail appears when a (Markovian) correlated random walk is analyzed in this way. We show that this procedure works extremely well in clearly identifying a Lévy walk even when there is noise from curvature. The present protocol may be useful in realistic contexts involving ongoing debates on the presence (or not) of Lévy walks related to animal movement on land (2D) and in air and oceans (3D).
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Tromer
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - M B Barbosa
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, Blanes, 17300, Spain
| | - F Bartumeus
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, Blanes, 17300, Spain
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola, 08193, Spain
| | - J Catalan
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, Blanes, 17300, Spain
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola, 08193, Spain
| | - M G E da Luz
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - E P Raposo
- Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - G M Viswanathan
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Complex Systems, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
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Nightingale A, Ratcliffe D, Leonidou L, Margetts A, Asboe D, Gazzard B, Catalan J, Barber TJ. HIV-related neurocognitive impairment screening: the patient's perspective on its utility and psychological impact. AIDS Care 2014; 26:1036-41. [PMID: 24625218 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.894619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite ever improving advances in antiretroviral therapy, neurocognitive impairments such as asymptomatic and mild neurocognitive impairment remain a significant problem for the HIV-positive population. We distributed a post-neurocognitive impairment screening service evaluation questionnaire to assess satisfaction and anxiety. Subjects were HIV positive and aged 18-50. They were screened using the Brief Neurocognitive Score and International HIV Dementia Score as well as undergoing screening for anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment [GAD-7]), depression (Participant Health Questionnaire Mood Scale [PHQ-9]) and memory (Everyday Memory Questionnaire [EMQ-R]). On completion, they were either reassured that the tests were normal or were referred for further investigation. Following assessment, subjects were asked to complete an anonymous satisfaction survey; 101 surveys were analysed. Forty-nine per cent of participants stated that they "felt better" following screening, 43% said it "made no difference", 6% stated it "worried me" and 1% "did not understand". On a scale of 0-10 of helpfulness, the mean score was 7.53. Forty-seven subjects indicated that they were referred for further investigation and 46 subjects that nothing else was needed; 8 reported they did not know. Those referred on rated satisfaction at a mean of 7.54/10 and those with normal screen as 7.09/10 (p = 0.46). Of the groups that were referred for further investigation, 6% said the test "worried them" compared to 4% in the non-referred group. Forty-nine per cent said they "felt better" despite an abnormal result compared to 50% in a normal screening result (p = 0.76). The results of this survey show that screening for neurocognitive impairment by this method is acceptable and helpful to participants. It did not lead to an increase in anxiety and there was no correlation between referred for further investigations and anxiety suggesting concerns about creating undue anxiety by screening and referral are unfounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nightingale
- a St. Stephen's AIDS Trust , Chelsea and Westminster Hospital , London , UK
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Barber TJ, Bradshaw D, Hughes D, Leonidou L, Margetts A, Ratcliffe D, Thornton S, Pozniak A, Asboe D, Mandalia S, Boffito M, Davies N, Gazzard B, Catalan J. Screening for HIV-related neurocognitive impairment in clinical practice: challenges and opportunities. AIDS Care 2013; 26:160-8. [PMID: 23869661 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2013.819401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With increasingly successful management of HIV, focus has shifted away from AIDS-related complications to other chronic co-morbidities. For HIV-related cognitive problems, the true aetiopathogenesis and epidemiology remains unclear. Rather than a systematic review, this paper presents the challenges and the opportunities we faced in establishing our own clinical service. Papers were identified using Pubmed and the terms "screening", "HIV" and "neurocognitive". This article covers the background of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) with a focus on HIV-related neurocognitive impairment (NCI), detailing classification, prevalence, diagnostic categories and diagnostic uncertainties. Screening is discussed, including a comparison of the available screening tools for cognitive deficits in HIV-infected patients and the importance of practice effects. Discussed also are the normal ranges and the lack thereof and potential investigations for those found to have impairments. We conclude by discussing the role of NCI screening in routine clinical care at the current time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Barber
- a St. Stephen's Centre , Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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9
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Cazaux B, Catalan J, Justy F, Escudé C, Desmarais E, Britton-Davidian J. Evolution of the structure and composition of house mouse satellite DNA sequences in the subgenus Mus (Rodentia: Muridea): a cytogenomic approach. Chromosoma 2013; 122:209-20. [PMID: 23515652 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-013-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The composition and orientation of the house mouse satellite DNA sequences (minor, major, TLC) were investigated by a FISH and CO-FISH approach in 11 taxa belonging to three clades of the subgenus Mus. Using a phylogenetic framework, our results highlighted two distribution patterns. The TLC satellite, the most recently discovered satellite, was present in all clades but varied quantitatively among species. This distribution supported its appearance in the ancestor of the subgenus followed by independent evolution in species of each clade. In contrast, the minor and major satellites occurred in only two clades of the subgenus indicating the simultaneous and recent amplification of these sequences. In addition, although qualitative differences in the composition and orientation of the satellite sequences were observed among the taxa, none of the features studied were unique to the house mouse and could account for the extensive chromosomal plasticity evidenced in Mus musculus domesticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cazaux
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier 2, cc065, Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Camarero L, Catalan J. Atmospheric phosphorus deposition may cause lakes to revert from phosphorus limitation back to nitrogen limitation. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1118. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fuentes P, Catalan J. A clinical perspective: anti tau's treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2012; 8:686-8. [PMID: 21605037 DOI: 10.2174/156720511796717221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer΄s Disease (AD) physiopathology is not yet totally established. Nevertheless it is known that a metabolism dysfunction of the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) and the abnormal tau protein phosphorylation lead to the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. These events finally drive to the clinical expression of dementia. Formally approved during the past decade, treatments for AD are lacking of an updating, being essentially symptomatic. Anticholinesterase agents have failed in providing a substantial improvement in the mental health condition of AD patients. On the other hand, antiamyloid strategies, have failed in their efficacy or security on their last development phases. In this context, tau represents a potential therapeutic target, by the action of drugs that diminish its aggregation, or acting by altering its phosphorylation or filaments formation. There is also anti-tau miscellaneous strategies such as normal microtubule-stabilizing agents. Thus, it might be possible that in a near future the neurodegenerative process could be stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fuentes
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Salvador & Department of Geriatrics, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Chile.
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Britton-Davidian J, Cazaux B, Catalan J. Chromosomal dynamics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the house mouse: micro-evolutionary insights. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 108:68-74. [PMID: 22086078 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the number and chromosomal location of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was studied in the house mouse, Mus musculus (2n=40). From an origin in Western Asia, this species colonized the Middle East, Europe and Asia. This expansion was accompanied by diversification into five subspecies. NOR diversity was revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using 18S and 28S probes on specimens spanning Asia to Western Europe. The results showed that the house mouse genome possessed a large number of NOR-bearing autosomes and a surprisingly high rate of polymorphism for the presence/absence of rRNA genes on all these chromosomes. All NOR sites were adjacent to the centromere except for two that were telomeric. Subspecific differentiation established from the NOR frequency data was concordant with the overall pattern of radiation proposed from molecular studies, but highlighted several discrepancies that need to be further addressed. NOR diversity in M. musculus consisted of a large number of polymorphic NORs that were common to at least two subspecies, and a smaller number of NORs that were unique to one subspecies. The most parsimonious scenario argues in favor of a subspecific differentiation by lineage sorting of ancestral NOR polymorphisms; only the unique NORs would have appeared by inter-chromosomal transposition, except for the two telomeric ones that may have originated by hybridization with another species. Such a scenario provides an alternative view from the one prevailing in most systematic and phylogenetic analyses that NORs have a high transposition rate due to concerted evolution of rRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex, France.
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Hima K, Thiam M, Catalan J, Gauthier P, Duplantier JM, Piry S, Sembène M, Britton-Davidian J, Granjon L, Dobigny G. Extensive Robertsonian polymorphism in the African rodent Gerbillus nigeriae: geographic aspects and meiotic data. J Zool (1987) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Facial lipoatrophy can be obvious and stigmatising. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) has been used widely for the correction of HIV-associated facial lipoatrophy. Analysis of the PLLA treatment protocols of 441 consecutive patients was undertaken. Product dilution, product volume per session, number of sessions, time between sessions, facial areas treated, plane of injection and incidence of injection-site nodules were recorded. Assessments included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Appearance Satisfaction Questionnaire. During the learning curve 30 patients were treated every 2 weeks for a minimum of three sessions. A 3-ml dilution was used and a total of 5 ml was injected in the deep dermis of the buccal areas. The incidence of nodule formation was 31% and 52% of patients did not achieve resolution of their facial disfigurement. A total of 411 patients were treated every 4 weeks for a minimum of four sessions. A minimum 5-ml dilution was used and a minimum total of 10-ml was injected subcutaneously in the temporal, infraorbital and buccal areas. The incidence of nodule formation was 2.9% and 10% of patients did not achieve resolution of their facial disfigurement. Patient anxiety and depression scores and appearance satisfaction scores improved significantly with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kavouni
- Department of HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Bartumeus F, Catalan J, Viswanathan GM, Raposo EP, da Luz MGE. The influence of turning angles on the success of non-oriented animal searches. J Theor Biol 2008; 252:43-55. [PMID: 18321530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal searches cover a full range of possibilities from highly deterministic to apparently completely random behaviors. However, even those stochastic components of animal movement can be adaptive, since not all random distributions lead to similar success in finding targets. Here we address the general problem of optimizing encounter rates in non-deterministic, non-oriented searches, both in homogeneous and patchy target landscapes. Specifically, we investigate how two different features related to turning angle distributions influence encounter success: (i) the shape (relative kurtosis) of the angular distribution and (ii) the correlations between successive relative orientations (directional memory). Such influence is analyzed in correlated random walk models using a proper choice of representative turning angle distributions of the recently proposed Jones and Pewsey class. We consider the cases of distributions with nearly the same shape but considerably distinct correlation lengths, and distributions with same correlation but with contrasting relative kurtosis. In homogeneous landscapes, we find that the correlation length has a large influence in the search efficiency. Moreover, similar search efficiencies can be reached by means of distinctly shaped turning angle distributions, provided that the resulting correlation length is the same. In contrast, in patchy landscapes the particular shape of the distribution also becomes relevant for the search efficiency, specially at high target densities. Excessively sharp distributions generate very inefficient searches in landscapes where local target density fluctuations are large. These results are of evolutionary interest. On the one hand, it is shown that equally successful directional memory can arise from contrasting turning behaviors, therefore increasing the likelihood of robust adaptive stochastic behavior. On the other hand, when target landscape is patchy, adequate tumbling may help to explore better local scale heterogeneities, being some details of the shape of the distribution also potentially adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bartumeus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Asboe D, Catalan J, Mandalia S, Dedes N, Florence E, Schrooten W, Noestlinger C, Colebunders R. Sexual dysfunction in HIV-positive men is multi-factorial: a study of prevalence and associated factors. AIDS Care 2007; 19:955-65. [PMID: 17851990 DOI: 10.1080/09540120701209847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To establish the prevalence of sexual dysfunction amongst HIV-positive men and to determine the factors associated with dysfunction we conducted a cross-sectional study in seven European HIV treatment centres. Data on medical history, antiretroviral treatment and laboratory results were collected by interview and case record review. Sexual function was evaluated by the participant self-completion of a questionnaire based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) 711/929. Seventy-seven percent of participants returned the questionnaire. Data from 668 (72%) respondents were included. Thirty-three percent (95%CI: 29.4-36.5%) had moderate/severe erectile dysfunction (EDF) and 24% (95%CI: 20.9-27.3%) had moderate to severe impairment of sexual desire. Variables significantly associated with EDF in multivariable analysis were older age (greater than 40 years), heterosexual status, non-alcohol drinking status, depression, antidepressants, psychotropic medications and duration of ARV therapy. Low sexual desire (LSD) was associated with older age (greater than 40 years), depression and black African ethnicity. We establish that EDF and LSD are common in both ARV naïve and ARV experienced, HIV-positive individuals. Erectile dysfunction was associated with long duration of ARV treatment, with a significantly increased risk of dysfunction in the quartile with the longest period of exposure. No significant association was seen with specific classes of anti-retrovirals. Older age, and depression were the variables most consistently associated with both EDF and LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Asboe
- Directorate of HIV/GU Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Britton-Davidian J, Catalan J, Lopez J, Ganem G, Nunes AC, Ramalhinho MG, Auffray JC, Searle JB, Mathias ML. Patterns of genic diversity and structure in a species undergoing rapid chromosomal radiation: an allozyme analysis of house mice from the Madeira archipelago. Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 99:432-42. [PMID: 17611494 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6801021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal radiation of the house mouse in the island of Madeira most likely involved a human-mediated colonization event followed by within-island geographical isolation and recurrent episodes of genetic drift. The genetic signature of such processes was assessed by an allozyme analysis of the chromosomal races from Madeira. No trace of a decrease in diversity was observed suggesting the possibility of large founder or bottleneck sizes, multiple introductions and/or a high post-colonization expansion rate. The Madeira populations were more closely related to those of Portugal than to other continental regions, in agreement with the documented human colonization of the island. Such a Portuguese origin contrasts with a study indicating a north European source of the mitochondrial haplotypes present in the Madeira mice. This apparent discrepancy may be resolved if not one but two colonization events took place, an initial north European introduction followed by a later one from Portugal. Asymmetrical reproduction between these mice would have resulted in a maternal north European signature with a nuclear Portuguese genome. The extensive chromosomal divergence of the races in Madeira is expected to contribute to their genic divergence. However, there was no significant correlation between chromosomal and allozyme distances. This low apparent chromosomal impact on genic differentiation may be related to the short time since the onset of karyotypic divergence, as the strength of the chromosomal barrier will become significant only at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UM2, CNRS), Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement, CC65, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to investigate whether patients with self-inflicted burns have larger burns, and a worse outcome, than patients with accidental burns. The secondary objective was to examine patient pre-injury characteristics to identify ways of preventing the burn occurring. A case-controlled study was performed: 36 deliberate self-burn patients were matched separately to two groups of accidental burn patients. The first group was used to compare burn severity. Patients were matched for age and sex; they were excluded if they had a psychiatric diagnosis, or a non-burn injury. The second group was used to compare outcome. The same matching and exclusion criteria were used as in the first group, with the addition of burn-size. Deliberate self-burn patients have significantly larger burns (p<0.01; median total body surface area (TBSA) 10% versus 1.5%) than accidental burn patients. They also stay in hospital longer, even when matched for burn-size (p<0.02; median stay 15 days versus 9 days). Self-inflicted burns occurred in supervised environments in 28% of cases. The number of deliberate self-burns could be reduced with simple interventions such as restricting smoking in hospitals and prisons, and also by identifying high-risk patients. The poor outcome from deliberate self-burns could be improved by well-coordinated multidisciplinary patient management with early psychiatric team involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Horner
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, England.
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Vives I, Grimalt JO, Ventura M, Catalan J, Rosseland BO. Age dependence of the accumulation of organochlorine pollutants in brown trout (Salmo trutta) from a remote high mountain lake (Redó, Pyrenees). Environ Pollut 2005; 133:343-350. [PMID: 15519465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDT were examined in the muscle of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from a high mountain lake located in the Pyrenees (Catalonia, Spain) that was used as a model of these lacustrine environments. Results indicate that fish age is the main factor of variability among specimens in this population that is subjected to atmospheric inputs of the organochlorine compounds (OC). Increases of 2- and 20-fold between fish aged 1 year and 15 years old are found. The observed pattern cannot be explained in terms of fish size, condition factor, or muscle lipid content. Higher molecular weight compounds (higher lipophilicity) are better correlated with fish age than low molecular weight compounds. A transformation from 4,4'-DDT to 4,4'-DDE occurs in fish after ingestion; this results in amplified age-dependent signals, especially in male specimens. In contrast, PCB congener #180 has lower age dependence than the general OC group, which could be due to its high hydrophobicity (log K(ow) > 7). In any case, selective accumulation of hydrophobic compounds is already observed among younger fish (age, 1 year). Due to this effect, the relative OC composition does not reflect the main OC pollutants in the lake waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vives
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Mathias ML, Nunes AC, Marques CC, Sousa I, Ramalhinho MG, Auffray JC, Catalan J, Britton-Davidian J. Adaptive energetics in house mice, Mus musculus domesticus, from the island of Porto Santo (Madeira archipelago, North Atlantic). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004; 137:703-9. [PMID: 15123178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Revised: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bioenergetic strategies of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) from the island of Porto Santo were investigated and compared with those of mice from mainland Portugal. Energy obtained from food ingestion was 18.2% lower in Porto Santo mice than in mainland mice (1.53 vs. 1.87 kJ/g/day). The same pattern was observed for metabolisable energy intake, which was 19.2% lower in island specimens (0.87 vs. 1.08 kJ/g/day for mainland specimens). Apparent digestibility was similar in both groups of mice. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) of Porto Santo individuals was low (1.16 ml O(2)/g/h), representing only 56% of the predicted value, based on body mass, while mainland individuals exhibited a BMR closer to the expected value, corresponding to 87% of the predicted value (1.80 ml O(2)/g/h). Thermoregulatory abilities within the range of 10-28 degrees C ambient temperature did not differ between island and mainland mice. Results suggest an adaptation of Porto Santo mice to the environmental aridity of the island of Porto Santo, leading to a conservative energetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mathias
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C 2, 3(o) Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Orr G, Catalan J, Longstaff C. Are we meeting the psychological needs of heterosexual men with HIV disease? A retrospective case controlled study of referrals to a psychological medicine unit in London, UK. AIDS Care 2004; 16:586-93. [PMID: 15223528 DOI: 10.1080/09540120410001716388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to ascertain what proportion of HIV-positive heterosexual men cared for at a central London teaching hospital HIV medical unit, were referred to the Psychological Medicine Unit, and to compare those HIV-positive male heterosexual patients with age and sex matched HIV-positive gay male controls. Hospital and Psychological Medicine Unit databases were interrogated to identify relevant patients seen during the period between February 1992 and December 2002. Furthermore, 50 heterosexual patients, who had been referred to the Psychological Medicine Unit, were matched for age and date of referral, with one gay male HIV-positive control patient. Demographic and illness data was gathered for the subjects and controls. Data was collected on 50 subjects in each group. The main findings of the study were: (1) that heterosexual men with HIV are almost three times less likely to be referred for specialist mental health care than HIV-positive gay men; (2) that heterosexual men with HIV disease, who were referred to the Psychological Medicine Unit, were less likely to be from a white ethnic background compared to gay men; (3) were less likely to be given a diagnosis of a depressive illness; but (4) were more likely to have a substance misuse diagnosis. Gay male patients who are HIV-positive are more likely to experience difficulties with sexual dysfunction, and receive a formal psychiatric diagnosis. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Orr
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, South Kensington and Chelsea Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
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Abstract
Although selection against hybridization is expected to generate prezygotic divergence in unimodal hybrid zones, such a pattern has been seldom described. This study aims to better understand how prezygotic mechanisms may evolve in such zones. We investigated prezygotic divergence between populations of two subspecies of mice (Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus) located at the edges of their unimodal hybrid zone in Denmark, and we developed an original multiple-population choice-test design, which allows assessment of within and between subspecies variation. Our study demonstrates that a strong assortative preference characterises one of the two subspecies (musculus) and that urinary signals are involved in this subspecies recognition. Taking into account the specific genetic and geographical characteristics of the Danish hybrid zone, we discuss the influence of the above pattern on its fate and the mechanisms that could have favoured this prezygotic divergence, among which the role of recombined populations constituting the core of the zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Smadja
- Laboratoire Génetique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier II, France.
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Guisande C, Bartumeus F, Ventura M, Catalan J. Role of food partitioning in structuring the zooplankton community in mountain lakes. Oecologia 2003; 136:627-34. [PMID: 12827488 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2002] [Accepted: 05/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trophic-niche differentiation is often cited as a main factor in structuring zooplankton assemblages, although field evidence for this is rarely presented. The study was based on a survey of 29 Pyrenean lakes with altitudes ranging between 1,875 and 2,990 m carried out during July and August 2000. Because of the oligotrophic nature of these lakes, we aimed to confirm that food partitioning is a major factor in shaping zooplankton assemblages. We analysed the amino acid composition of six cladocera and seven copepod species. A discriminant analysis showed that each species could be distinguished according to its amino acid composition. A negative relationship between amino acid differentiation and co-occurrence among the cladocera and cyclopoid copepod was observed. In contrast, calanoids did not show any relationship and were characterised by a high amino acid differentiation between species. As the differences in the amino acid composition among zooplankton species indicate distinct food sources, the relationship found indicates that trophic-niche differentiation plays a key role in determining the assemblage of these zooplankton communities. Therefore exploitative competition, either at present or in the past by driving co-evolutionary histories, has been a significant factor in structuring the cladocera and cyclopoid communities in these oligotrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guisande
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36200 Vigo, Spain.
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Tyrer P, Thompson S, Schmidt U, Jones V, Knapp M, Davidson K, Catalan J, Airlie J, Baxter S, Byford S, Byrne G, Cameron S, Caplan R, Cooper S, Ferguson B, Freeman C, Frost S, Godley J, Greenshields J, Henderson J, Holden N, Keech P, Kim L, Logan K, Manley C, MacLeod A, Murphy R, Patience L, Ramsay L, De Munroz S, Scott J, Seivewright H, Sivakumar K, Tata P, Thornton S, Ukoumunne OC, Wessely S. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual in recurrent deliberate self-harm: the POPMACT study. Psychol Med 2003; 33:969-976. [PMID: 12946081 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291703008171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We carried out a large randomized trial of a brief form of cognitive therapy, manual-assisted cognitive behaviour therapy (MACT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) for deliberate self-harm. METHOD Patients presenting with recurrent deliberate self-harm in five centres were randomized to either MACT or (TAU) and followed up over 1 year. MACT patients received a booklet based on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) principles and were offered up to five plus two booster sessions of CBT from a therapist in the first 3 months of the study. Ratings of parasuicide risk, anxiety, depression, social functioning and global function, positive and negative thinking, and quality of life were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty patients were randomized. Sixty per cent of the MACT group had both the booklet and CBT sessions. There were seven suicides, five in the TAU group. The main outcome measure, the proportion of those repeating deliberate self-harm in the 12 months of the study, showed no significant difference between those treated with MACT (39%) and treatment as usual (46%) (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.14, P=0.20). CONCLUSION Brief cognitive behaviour therapy is of limited efficacy in reducing self-harm repetition, but the findings taken in conjunctin with the economic evaluation (Byford et al. 2003) indicate superiority of MACT over TAU in terms of cost and effectiveness combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyrer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Imperial College, King's College and Maudsley Hospitals, Center for the Economics of Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Britton-Davidian J, Catalan J, Belkhir K. Chromosomal and allozyme analysis of a hybrid zone between parapatric Robertsonian races of the house mouse: a case of monobrachial homology. Cytogenet Genome Res 2003; 96:75-84. [PMID: 12438783 DOI: 10.1159/000063040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed chromosomal and allozyme analysis of Robertsonian (Rb) populations of the house mouse in Alsace (France) was performed to evaluate the model of speciation by monobrachial centric fusions. The karyological analysis confirmed the existence of a hybrid zone between two Rb races differentiated by monobrachially homologous Rb fusions. The clinical distribution of Rb fusions showed that almost no overlap occurred between the Rb fusions specific to each race, indicating the presence of an acrocentric peak in the center of the hybrid zone. Thus, only chromosomal heterozygotes carrying one to three trivalents were present, instead of the expected highly unfit interracial hybrids, none of which were observed. The effect of karyotypic differentiation on genic divergence was tested across the hybrid zone by comparing levels of genetic structure for chromosomal and allozyme markers according to the isolation by distance model. Results confirmed the highly significant spatial structure for chromosomes, but revealed none for allozymes, indicating that genic diversity was not structured according to karyotype. These data suggest the absence of a strong chromosomal barrier to gene flow, which does not conform with predictions of the model of speciation by monobrachial centric fusions. In addition, the relatedness of these Rb races to neighboring ones, as well as the nonrandom contribution of several chromosomes to the Rb fusions, was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Britton-Davidian
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR5554), Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazardous and harmful use of alcohol remains a public health concern, and many general hospital admissions are alcohol-related. AIM To compare the CAGE and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaires in screening general medical admissions for harmful or hazardous drinking. DESIGN Prospective questionnaire-based study. METHODS Both questionnaires were administered, and demographic data collected. RESULTS One hundred and three patients were included. Of these, 36% were identified by the AUDIT to be drinking hazardously or harmfully, and 22% were identified as CAGE cases. All CAGE cases were also AUDIT cases. DISCUSSION As the CAGE and the AUDIT are designed to identify different populations, it is not surprising that significantly fewer cases were identified using the CAGE. The AUDIT identifies not just the harmful drinkers detected by the CAGE, but also hazardous drinkers, who have not yet reached that level of harm. As drinkers at an earlier stage may respond better to interventions aimed at reducing their consumption, the AUDIT is preferable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T McCusker
- Brent, Kensington, Chelsea and Westminster Mental Health Trust Substance Misuse Service, London, UK.
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Duplantier JM, Orth A, Catalan J, Bonhomme F. Evidence for a mitochondrial lineage originating from the Arabian peninsula in the Madagascar house mouse (Mus musculus). Heredity (Edinb) 2002; 89:154-8. [PMID: 12136419 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2001] [Accepted: 04/18/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Various subspecies of the house mouse (Mus musculus sensu lato) are known to have contributed to its worldwide expansion. However, the origin of mice on some larger islands such as Madagascar has remained unknown, with several sources being possible. In order to classify the Malagasy house mouse, individuals were trapped in 13 different localities distributed throughout the island. For 33 individuals the control region (D-Loop) of the mitochondrial DNA was partially sequenced and 21 males were typed for a Zfy-2 polymorphism of the Y chromosome. Malagasy mt DNA lineages constitute a narrow monophyletic group which suggests a recent and probably single origin, and are very close to the gentilulus mitochondrial lineages from Yemen. This was supported by the fact that all the males have the domesticus type Y chromosome, like gentilulus. From these results, it can be inferred that the Malagasy house mice originate probably from the Arabian peninsula in a single colonisation wave, unlike its human population. Our results provide a better molecular description of the Yemeni-Malagasy mitochondrial clade which clearly belongs to the Mus musculus radiation.
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Guirakhoo F, Pugachev K, Arroyo J, Miller C, Zhang ZX, Weltzin R, Georgakopoulos K, Catalan J, Ocran S, Draper K, Monath TP. Viremia and immunogenicity in nonhuman primates of a tetravalent yellow fever-dengue chimeric vaccine: genetic reconstructions, dose adjustment, and antibody responses against wild-type dengue virus isolates. Virology 2002; 298:146-59. [PMID: 12093182 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric yellow fever (YF)-dengue (DEN) viruses (ChimeriVax-DEN) were reconstructed to correct amino acid substitutions within the envelope genes of original constructs described by Guirakhoo et al. (2001, J. Virol. 75, 7290-7304). Viruses were analyzed and compared to the previous constructs containing mutations in terms of their growth kinetics in Vero cells, neurovirulence in mice, and immunogenicity in monkeys as monovalent or tetravalent formulations. All chimeras grew to high titers [ approximately 7 to 8 log(10), plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml] in Vero cells and were less neurovirulent than YF 17D vaccine in mice. For monkey experiments, the dose of DEN2 chimera was lowered to 3 log(10) PFU in the tetravalent mixture in an effort to reduce its dominant immunogenicity. The magnitude of viremia in ChimeriVax-DEN immunized monkeys was similar to that of YF-VAX, but significantly lower than those induced by wild-type DEN viruses. All monkeys developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against homologous (chimeras) or heterologous (wild-type DEN viruses isolated from different geographical regions) viruses after a single dose of monovalent or tetravalent vaccine. Administration of a second dose of tetravalent vaccine 2 months later increased titers to both homologous and heterologous viruses. A dose adjustment for dengue 2 chimera resulted in a more balanced response against dengue 1, 2, and 3 viruses, but a somewhat higher response against chimeric dengue 4 virus. This indicates that further formulations for dose adjustments need to be tested in monkeys to identify an optimal formulation for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guirakhoo
- Acambis Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Hedge B, Catalan J, Fishbein M, Boom FVD, Sherr L. Preface. AIDS Care 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/09540120220123676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Catalan J, Toribio F, Acuna AU. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding and fluorescence of salicylaldehyde, salicylamide, and o-hydroxyacetophenone in gas and condensed phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100391a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abboud JLM, Cabildo P, Canada T, Catalan J, Claramunt RM, De Paz JLG, Elguero J, Homan H, Notario R. Basicity of C-substituted pyrazoles in the gas phase: an experimental (ICR) and theoretical study. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00040a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Catalan J, Mena E, Meutermans W, Elguero J. Solvatochromism of a typical merocyanine: stilbazolium betaine and its 2,6-di-tert-butyl derivative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100188a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Toribio F, Catalan J, Amat F, Acuna AU. Electronically induced proton-transfer reactions in salicylic acid esters and salicyloyl chloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100228a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Catalan J, De Paz JLG, Yanez M, Claramunt RM, Lopez C, Elguero J, Anvia F, Quian JH, Taagepera M, Taft RW. A theoretical and experimental study of the intrinsic basicities of methyldiazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00160a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Acuna AU, Catalan J, Toribio F. Photon energy relaxation and thermal effects on gas-phase electronically excited methyl salicylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j150603a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acuna AU, Amat-Guerri F, Catalan J, Gonzalez-Tablas F. Dual fluorescence and ground state equilibriums in methyl salicylate, methyl 3-chlorosalicylate, and methyl 3-tert-butylsalicylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100443a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Catalan J, De Paz JLG, Yanez M, Elguero J. Relationship between substituent-induced energy and charge effects in proton-transfer equilibria involving heteroaromatic nitrogen systems. The lone pair charge approach. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00334a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anvia F, Walsh S, Capon M, Koppel IA, Taft RW, De Paz JLG, Catalan J. Formation of three- and four-membered-ring structures for the lithium(1+) adducts of appropriate azines. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00169a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Catalan J, Mo O, Perez P, Yanez M. Proton affinities and preferred protonation sites in 3- and 4-substituted pyridines. Prediction from 1s orbital energies. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00516a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Catalan J, De Paz JLG, Yanez M, Amat-Guerri F, Houriet R, Rolli E, Zehringer R, Oelhafen P, Taft RW, et al. .. Study of the gas-phase basicity of 1-methylazaindole, 7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine, and related compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00217a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Catalan J, Mo O, De Paz JLG, Perez P, Yanez M, Elguero J. Basicity of azoles. Part 6. Calculated intrinsic basicities for methyl-substituted pyrazoles and imidazoles. Comparison to aqueous solution data: N-methylation effect. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00197a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bartumeus F, Catalan J, Fulco UL, Lyra ML, Viswanathan GM. Optimizing the encounter rate in biological interactions: Lévy versus Brownian strategies. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:097901. [PMID: 11864054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.097901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An important application involving two-species reaction-diffusion systems relates to the problem of finding the best statistical strategy for optimizing the encounter rate between organisms. We investigate the general problem of how the encounter rate depends on whether organisms move in Lévy or Brownian random walks. By simulating a limiting generalized searcher-target model (e.g., predator-prey, mating partner, pollinator-flower), we find that Lévy walks confer a significant advantage for increasing encounter rates when the searcher is larger or moves rapidly relative to the target, and when the target density is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bartumeus
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Guirakhoo F, Arroyo J, Pugachev KV, Miller C, Zhang ZX, Weltzin R, Georgakopoulos K, Catalan J, Ocran S, Soike K, Ratterree M, Monath TP. Construction, safety, and immunogenicity in nonhuman primates of a chimeric yellow fever-dengue virus tetravalent vaccine. J Virol 2001; 75:7290-304. [PMID: 11462001 PMCID: PMC114964 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.16.7290-7304.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported construction of a chimeric yellow fever-dengue type 2 virus (YF/DEN2) and determined its safety and protective efficacy in rhesus monkeys (F. Guirakhoo et al., J. Virol. 74:5477-5485, 2000). In this paper, we describe construction of three additional YF/DEN chimeras using premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of wild-type (WT) clinical isolates: DEN1 (strain PUO359, isolated in 1980 in Thailand), DEN3 (strain PaH881/88, isolated in 1988 in Thailand), and DEN4 (strain 1228, isolated in 1978 in Indonesia). These chimeric viruses (YF/DEN1, YF/DEN3, and YF/DEN4) replicated to ~7.5 log(10) PFU/ml in Vero cells, were not neurovirulent in 3- to 4-week-old ICR mice inoculated by the intracerebral route, and were immunogenic in monkeys. All rhesus monkeys inoculated subcutaneously with one dose of these chimeric viruses (as monovalent or tetravalent formulation) developed viremia with magnitudes similar to that of the YF 17D vaccine strain (YF-VAX) but significantly lower than those of their parent WT viruses. Eight of nine monkeys inoculated with monovalent YF/DEN1 -3, or -4 vaccine and six of six monkeys inoculated with tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 vaccine seroconverted after a single dose. When monkeys were boosted with a tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 dose 6 months later, four of nine monkeys in the monovalent YF/DEN groups developed low levels of viremia, whereas no viremia was detected in any animals previously inoculated with either YF/DEN1-4 vaccine or WT DEN virus. An anamnestic response was observed in all monkeys after the second dose. No statistically significant difference in levels of neutralizing antibodies was observed between YF virus-immune and nonimmune monkeys which received the tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 vaccine or between tetravalent YF/DEN1-4-immune and nonimmune monkeys which received the YF-VAX. However, preimmune monkeys developed either no detectable viremia or a level of viremia lower than that in nonimmune controls. This is the first recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine successfully evaluated in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guirakhoo
- Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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