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Bart NK, Fatkin D, Gunton J, Hare JL, Korczyk D, Kwok F, Lam K, Russell D, Sidiqi H, Sutton T, Gibbs SDJ, Mollee P, Thomas L. 2024 Australia-New Zealand Expert Consensus Statement on Cardiac Amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:420-442. [PMID: 38570258 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 5 years, early diagnosis of and new treatments for cardiac amyloidosis (CA) have emerged that hold promise for early intervention. These include non-invasive diagnostic tests and disease modifying therapies. Recently, CA has been one of the first types of cardiomyopathy to be treated with gene editing techniques. Although these therapies are not yet widely available to patients in Australia and New Zealand, this may change in the near future. Given the rapid pace with which this field is evolving, it is important to view these advances within the Australian and New Zealand context. This Consensus Statement aims to update the Australian and New Zealand general physician and cardiologist with regards to the diagnosis, investigations, and management of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Bart
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia. http://www.twitter.com/drnikkibart
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Gunton
- Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James L Hare
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, and Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Dariusz Korczyk
- Department of Cardiology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Fiona Kwok
- Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn Lam
- Department of Cardiology, Western Australia Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Russell
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Hasib Sidiqi
- Department of Haematology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tim Sutton
- Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau, Auckland; and Department of Cardiology, Auckland, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Simon D J Gibbs
- Department of Haematology, Eastern Health; Epworth Freemasons; and Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Peter Mollee
- Queensland Amyloidosis Centre, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane; and, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Liza Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney; and, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Umapathysivam MM, Gunton J, Stranks SN, Jesudason D. Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in Two Patients Without Diabetes After Introduction of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:140-143. [PMID: 37988720 PMCID: PMC10733652 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ketoacidosis induced by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment has been consistently observed in clinical practice in patients with type 2 diabetes despite minimal indication from the landmark cardiovascular outcome trials. It has been postulated that individuals without diabetes will not develop this complication due to an adequate insulin secretory capacity, which will protect against significant ketone formation. Cardiovascular outcome trials examining SGLT2i use in individuals with heart failure but not diabetes have not reported ketoacidosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We describe the first two case reports of severe nondiabetic ketoacidosis after initiation of an SGLT2i for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and we describe the management strategies employed and implication for the pathophysiology of SGLT2i-associated ketoacidosis. RESULTS Each individual presented with ketoacidosis triggered by reduced oral nutrition intake. For both individuals, ketoacidosis resolved with intravenous glucose administration, encouragement of consumption of oral glucose-containing fluid, and minimal insulin administration. CONCLUSIONS These two cases demonstrate that SGLT2i-associated ketoacidosis is possible in individuals without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M. Umapathysivam
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Endocrine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - James Gunton
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steve N. Stranks
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Jesudason
- Endocrine Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
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Pham K, Hecker T, Joseph M, Gunton J. Transthoracic Echocardiographic Predictive Probability of Pulmonary Hypertension in Liver Transplant candidates: Implications for Clinical Practice. Journal of Liver Transplantation 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.liver.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Pham K, Hecker T, Joseph M, Gunton J. Accuracy of Pulmonary Arterial Systolic Pressure by Echocardiography in Patients With Advanced Liver Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim K, Hecker T, Perry R, Ullah S, Gunton J, Joseph M. Assessment of Myocardial Work Using Echocardiography in Predicting Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Tan J, Hecker T, Ilyas F, Jones L, Wollaston F, Swan A, Gunton J, De Pasquale C. Acute Effects of Dapagliflozin on Myocardial Work in Type 2 Diabetics With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Crossover Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kim K, Hecker T, Perry R, Ullah S, Gunton J, Joseph M. Baseline Myocardial Work on Echocardiography Reflects the Severity of Coronary Disease in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu X, Perry R, Hecker T, Gunton J, Joseph M. Left Atrial Reservoir Strain: An Emerging Non-Invasive Differentiator of Pre- and Post-Capillary Pulmonary Hypertension? Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pham K, Upadhyaya S, Hecker T, Ullah S, Joseph M, Gunton J. Utility of Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Detecting Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients Awaiting Liver Transplant. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Le M, Hussein A, Prosser A, Horsfall M, Lambrakis K, Hecker T, Lek R, Harris J, Burdeniuk C, Gunton J, De Pasquale C. 099 Comparison of the use of Sacubitril/Valsartan and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) in a Tertiary Hospital. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hecker T, Kashkavij S, Mcleod A, Wu K, Perry R, Gunton J, Ganesan A, Joseph M. 292 Assessment of Novel Left Atrial Strain Software in Healthy Volunteers to Obtain Normal Ranges and Assess for Feasibility and Reproducibility. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ganesan AN, Gunton J, Nucifora G, McGavigan AD, Selvanayagam JB. Impact of Late Gadolinium Enhancement on mortality, sudden death and major adverse cardiovascular events in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 254:230-237. [PMID: 29407096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central role of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as the definitive risk marker of adverse outcomes in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy is increasingly uncertain. The current study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with the objective of evaluating the prognostic importance of Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) on the key endpoints of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and sudden death. METHODS The study was prospectively registered in PROPSERO (CRD 42016039034). Electronic databases and reference lists were searched for studies evaluating the impact of LGE-CMR on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, ventricular arrhythmia or sudden death, or major adverse cardiovascular events. Data were extracted from 36 studies including n=7882 patients. RESULTS LGE was strongly associated with all-cause mortality HR 2.96 (95%CI: 2.37, 3.70, P<0.001), cardiovascular mortality HR 3.27 (95% CI: 2.05, 5.22, P<0.001), ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death HR 3.76 (95% CI: 3.14, 4.52, P<0.001), and major adverse cardiovascular events HR 3.24 (95% CI: 2.32, 4.52, P<0.001). In subgroup analyses, LGE was associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in both LVEF≤35% and LVEF>35% patients (P<0.001 all endpoints), as well as in nonischemic and ischemic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) in CMR predicts all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death, and major adverse cardiovascular events, independent of LVEF. Future trials of investigational therapies in NICM and ICM should consider the utilization of LGE to identify patients at risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand N Ganesan
- Flinders University, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | | | - Gaetano Nucifora
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Andrew D McGavigan
- Flinders University, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Australia
| | - Joseph B Selvanayagam
- Flinders University, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia.
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King A, Gunton J, Perry R, Depasquale C, Chew D, Joseph M. Can Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy be Differentiated from Anterior Myocardial Infarction Using Echocardiography and Patient Demographic Features Without Coronary Angiogram? Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tara S, Swan A, Lau G, Gunton J, Khan E, Joseph M. Automated Function Imaging in Exercise Stress Echocardiography of Low-Risk Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gunton J, Jones J, Nandal S, Alhammad N, Hartshorne T, Jones D, O'Shea C, Chew D, Marwick T, De Pasquale C. Evaluation of the “Door-Bell Test”, a Test of Frailty and HF Cardiorespiratory Status on Heart Failure Hospital Discharge, and its Relationship to Future Events. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gunton J, Joseph M, Swan A, Brown L, Selvanayagam J, Perry R. Strain Analysis Using a Novel Vendor Independent Software on Different Imaging Formats: A Comparative Study. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gunton J, Ganesan A, Nucifora G, McGavigan A, Bridgman C, Grover S, Selvanayagam J. Prognostic Importance of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Ischaemic and Nonischaemic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Jones D, Alhammad N, Horsfall M, Gunton J, Hartshorne T, O'Shea C, Lehman S, Sinhal A, Vaile J, Chew D. A Retrospective Review of FMC Practice Guidelines for Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Care in Metropolitan vs Non-Metropolitan Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gunton J, Hartshorne T, Chuang A, Chew D. Should P2Y12 inhibitors be administered empirically in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome management prior to coronary angiography? A decision-making analysis into the value of pre-treatment. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Davies L, Wilmshurst EG, McElduff A, Gunton J, Clifton-Bligh P, Fulcher GR. The relationship among homocysteine, creatinine clearance, and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:1805-9. [PMID: 11574446 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.10.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although it is accepted that elevated plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels occur in end-stage renal disease and type 2 diabetes, the changes with milder renal dysfunction (e.g., microalbuminuria) are less clearly established. This study explores the relationship among tHcy, creatinine clearance (Ccr), and albumin excretion rate (AER) in a population with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 260 patients with type 2 diabetes were screened in our outpatient clinic during 10 months. Fasting blood samples were collected, and AER was calculated from an overnight timed urine sample. Ccr was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault formula. RESULTS A total of 198 subjects (76%) had normoalbuminuria (<20 microg/min), 50 subjects (19%) had microalbuminuria (20-200 microg/min), and 12 subjects (5%) had macroalbuminuria (>or=200 microg/min). Those with microalbuminuria had higher levels of tHcy than those with normoalbuminuria (13.2 +/- 7.8 vs. 11.3 +/- 4.6 micromol/l, P < 0.05). Patients were then subdivided based on low Ccr (<80 ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)) and normal Ccr (>or=80 x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)). None of the patients with macroalbuminuria had normal Ccr. In those with normoalbuminuria, tHcy levels were higher than in those with low Ccr than in those with normal Ccr (12.0 +/- 4.6 vs. 10.0 +/- 4.4 micromol/l, P < 0.01). The same was found for those with microalbuminuria (low Ccr versus normal Ccr: 14.6 +/- 9.0 vs. 10.2 +/- 2.8 micromol/l, P < 0.02). For normal Ccr, tHcy was similar irrespective of AER (normoalbuminuria versus microalbuminuria: 10.0 +/- 4.4 vs. 10.2 +/- 2.8 micromol/l, NS). For low Ccr, tHcy was higher in those with microalbuminuria versus normoalbuminuria (14.6 +/- 9.0 vs. 12.0 +/- 4.6 micromol/l, P = 0.01). Using multivariate regression, Ccr, but neither AER nor the presence of albuminuria, was an independent predictor of tHcy. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that in patients with type 2 diabetes, the relationship between plasma tHcy and AER is largely due to associated changes in renal function, as defined by Ccr.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Davies
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
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Gillman LM, Gunton J, Turenne CY, Wolfe J, Kabani AM. Identification of Mycobacterium species by multiple-fluorescence PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3085-91. [PMID: 11526133 PMCID: PMC88301 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.9.3085-3091.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of mycobacteria to the species level by growth-based methodologies is a process that has been fraught with difficulties due to the long generation times of mycobacteria. There is an increasing incidence of unusual nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, especially in patients with concomitant immunocompromised states, which has led to the discovery of new mycobacterial species and the recognition of the pathogenicity of organisms that were once considered nonpathogens. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and sensitive techniques that can accurately identify all mycobacterial species. Multiple-fluorescence-based PCR and subsequent single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis (MF-PCR-SSCP) of four variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were used to identify species-specific patterns for 30 of the most common mycobacterial human pathogens and environmental isolates. The species-specific SSCP patterns generated were then entered into a database by using BioNumerics, version 1.5, software with a pattern-recognition capability, among its multiple uses. Patient specimens previously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were subsequently tested by this method and were identified by comparing their patterns with those in the reference database. Fourteen species whose SSCP patterns were included in the database were correctly identified. Five other test organisms were correctly identified as unique species or were identified by their closest relative, as they were not in the database. We propose that MF-PCR-SSCP offers a rapid, specific, and relatively inexpensive identification tool for the differentiation of mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Gillman
- National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Abstract
Thermolabile proteases were identified in three Gram-negative psychrotrophic bacteria. The protease from the psychrotrophic strain A9 was purified and its application to common molecular biology techniques was demonstrated. Heat-stable molecular biology enzymes (Taq polymerase and PvuII) were digested by a heat-labile protease, which was then inactivated by a mild heat treatment. The clear benefit of using heat-labile proteases arises in situations where further reactions may be accomplished without an intermediate purification step, thereby saving time and avoiding the possibility of product loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, V8W 3P6, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Abstract
16S rRNA sequence data have been used to provide a molecular basis for an accurate system for identification of members of the genus Mycobacterium. Previous studies have shown that Mycobacterium species demonstrate high levels (>94%) of 16S rRNA sequence similarity and that this method cannot differentiate between all species, i.e., M. gastri and M. kansasii. In the present study, we have used the recA gene as an alternative sequencing target in order to complement 16S rRNA sequence-based genetic identification. The recA genes of 30 Mycobacterium species were amplified by PCR, sequenced, and compared with the published recA sequences of M. tuberculosis, M. smegmatis, and M. leprae available from GenBank. By recA sequencing the species showed a lower degree of interspecies similarity than they did by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, ranging from 96.2% between M. gastri and M. kansasii to 75.7% between M. aurum and M. leprae. Exceptions to this were members of the M. tuberculosis complex, which were identical. Two strains of each of 27 species were tested, and the intraspecies similarity ranged from 98.7 to 100%. In addition, we identified new Mycobacterium species that contain a protein intron in their recA genes, similar to M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. We propose that recA gene sequencing offers a complementary method to 16S rRNA gene sequencing for the accurate identification of the Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Blackwood
- National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Bureau of Microbiology, Health Sciences Center, Canada
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King C, Gunton J, Freebairn D, Coutts J, Webb I. The sustainability indicator industry:where to from here? A focus group study to explore the potential of farmer participation in the development of indicators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1071/ea99148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Australia, the work being carried out on sustainability indicators has
become an industry on its own. This paper firstly provides an introduction
that reviews the literature on indicator development and use, particularly in
relation to agricultural production systems. A number of reasons for the
limited use of indicators by farmers are mentioned. Secondly, a focus group
study involving farmers from two dryland cropping areas in Queensland to
investigate sustainability indicators and sustainable farming systems is
presented. The indicators the participants identified during focus groups
included indicators that reflect (i)farming system components, (ii) the
management of these components, (iii) the management of all components and
their interrelationships at the systems level, and (iv) the external factors
that influence and interact with this systems level. Focus group analysis also
showed that the participants perceived sustainability as an on-going process
and a sustainable farming system as dynamic and emergent in nature. The
implications of these findings are discussed. Three key issues were raised (i)
the value of farmer knowledge with respect to the development of indicators
has often been ignored; (ii) there are links between indicators developed
through traditional science and those being used by farmers; and (iii)
off-farm indicators used by farmers may be very useful in policy development
at a variety of levels (e.g. catchment, regional, national, global). The focus
group method involving farmers provided a useful way to gain insights about
farmer perceptions and for farmers to learn from each other during the
research process.
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McLaughlin MJ, Williams CMJ, McKay A, Kirkham R, Gunton J, Jackson KJ, Thompson R, Dowling B, Partington D, Smart MK, Tiller KG. Effect of cultivar on uptake of cadmium by potato tubers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1071/ar9941483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in tubers by commercial potato cultivars was assessed at 12 sites around Australia having differing soil and environmental conditions. At all but two sites there were significant differences in tuber Cd concentrations between cultivars. Some major commercial cultivars had tuber Cd concentrations only half that of others. Advanced breeding lines showed further potential to reduce Cd accumulation. Mean tuber Cd concentrations of the 14 most common cultivars, averaged across all sites, ranged from 30 to 50 8g kg-1 fresh weight (FW), below the maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of 50 8g kg-1 of Cd (FW). However, at some sites certain cultivars exceeded the MPC. A modified joint regression analysis of the data indicated that no cultivars have consistently low or consistently high tuber Cd concentrations across a range of environments. While differences between cultivars were significant, the range in Cd concentrations found between sites was generally greater than the range in Cd concentrations between cultivars at any one site. Thus soil and other site factors (e.g. irrigation water quality, climate, etc.) play a dominant role in controlling Cd accumulation by current commercial cultivars and there is a need to breed new cultivars resistant to Cd accumulation under a wide range of environments.
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