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Kwan SY, Castillo DR, Aka AA, Kandala G, Tsai JY, Zmaj K, Reeves ME, Yang GY. Perianal basosquamous carcinoma treated with radiation therapy, a case report. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:463-467. [PMID: 36915436 PMCID: PMC10007913 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perianal basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is very rare and estimated to account for 0.08% of all BCC and 0.02% of all anorectal neoplasms. Perianal lesions are more likely to be squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as BCC usually develops on areas of skin exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light such as the face and arms. Proper diagnosis with the assistance of immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains to distinguish the two entities can help inform the suitable course of treatment. Case Description Our case is an 82-year-old male with a history of cutaneous BCC on the arms and trunk presenting with a symptomatic perianal lesion. Initial biopsy demonstrated BCC with subsequent IHC studies differentiating from basaloid SCC. Standard treatment includes wide local excision (WLE) but given his poor performance status, radiation only was recommended. He was successfully treated and tolerated 30 Gy in 5 daily fractions. Conclusions Radiation only is a unique and feasible non-surgical treatment for basosquamous carcinoma of the anus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Kwan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dani Ran Castillo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Allison A Aka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gokul Kandala
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - James Y Tsai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Zmaj
- Department of Surgery, Loma Linda VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary Y Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Wu CC, Tsai JY, Tsai SH. Dietary isothiocyanates reduce anoikis resistance of non-small cell human lung cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CC Wu
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - JY Tsai
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - SH Tsai
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Hsueh CT, Selim JH, Tsai JY, Hsueh CT. Nanovectors for anti-cancer drug delivery in the treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7080-7090. [PMID: 27610018 PMCID: PMC4988316 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposome, albumin and polymer polyethylene glycol are nanovector formulations successfully developed for anti-cancer drug delivery. There are significant differences in pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity between pre- and post-nanovector modification. The alteration in clinical pharmacology is instrumental for the future development of nanovector-based anticancer therapeutics. We have reviewed the results of clinical studies and translational research in nanovector-based anti-cancer therapeutics in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, including nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel and nanoliposomal irinotecan. Furthermore, we have appraised the ongoing studies incorporating novel agents with nanomedicines in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Kuo CC, Chen JJ, Tsai JY, Hsueh CT. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine in combination with mitomycin C on gastric cancer cells. Biomark Res 2014; 2:26. [PMID: 25553241 PMCID: PMC4280692 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-014-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is frequently used by cancer patients in Chinese community. It remains largely unknown about the interaction between CHM and chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we evaluated 3 commonly used CHM formulas for cancer patients: Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), Bao-Yuan-Tang (BYT), and Ju-Yuan-Jian (JYJ). We examined the effects of these 3 formulas in human gastric cancer cells MKN-74, in terms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction when used alone or in combination with mitomycin C (MMC). Cytotoxicity was determined by tetrazolium dye colorimetric assay. The 10% inhibitory concentration of CHM was used in this study. Cells were first exposed to CHM or phosphate buffered saline (as control) for 48 h. Then MMC at final concentration of 0.25 μg/ml was added to media for another 24-h. Among these 3 CHM formulas, BZYQT showed the most pronounced effect in augmenting MMC-induced cytotoxicity. The viability of MKN-74 cells was decreased to 43.1% when treated with BZYQT and MMC, compared to 94.9% with MMC alone. We subsequently examined apoptosis induction by quantitative florescent microscopy and single-strand DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and found BZYQT did not enhance MMC-induced apoptosis. Our findings indicate BZYQT in combination with MMC induces cell death in gastric cancer cells via non-apoptotic mechanism. Our results provide a rationale for further investigation in the interaction of CHM and anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chang Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jung Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Y Tsai
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California USA
| | - Chung-Tsen Hsueh
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California USA
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Chen IS, Mok KT, Chou CT, Liu SI, Kuo CC, Hsu SS, Chang HT, Tsai JY, Liao WC, Jan CR. Effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate on Ca2+ movement and viability in MDCK canine renal tubular cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1251-61. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112446841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the natural compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) on cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability in MDCK renal cells is unknown. This study explored whether PEITC changed [Ca2+]i in MDCK cells using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. PEITC at 200–700 μM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The signal was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+. PEITC-induced Ca2+ influx was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SK&F 96365 and protein kinase C modulators. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) or 2,5-di- tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited PEITC-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Incubation with PEITC also inhibited TG or BHQ-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished PEITC-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. At 15–75 μM, PEITC decreased viability. The cytotoxic effect of PEITC was enhanced by chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid/acetoxymethyl ester. Annexin V-FITC data suggest that 20 and 50 μM PEITC induced apoptosis. At 10 and 15 μM, PEITC did not increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together, in renal tubular cells, PEITC-induced rise in [Ca2+]i by inducing phospholipase C-dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via store-operated Ca2+ channels. PEITC induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent, ROS/Ca2+-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- IS Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - KT Mok
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CT Chou
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - SI Liu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CC Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - SS Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - HT Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - JY Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - WC Liao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CR Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kuo LN, Huang CJ, Fang YC, Huang CC, Wang JL, Lin KL, Chu ST, Chang HT, Chien JM, Su HH, Chi CC, Chen WC, Tsai JY, Liao WC, Tseng LL, Jan CR. Effect of thimerosal on Ca2+ movement and viability in human oral cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 28:301-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327109106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of thimerosal on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i ) in human oral cancer cells (OC2) is unclear. This study explored whether thimerosal changed basal [Ca2+]i levels in suspended OC2 cells using fura-2. Thimerosal at concentrations between 1and 50 μM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The Ca2+ signal was reduced partly by removing extracellular Ca 2+. Thimerosal-induced Ca2+ influx was not blocked by L-type Ca2+ entry inhibitors and protein kinase C modulators (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA] and GF109203X). In Ca2+-free medium, 50 μM thimerosal failed to induce a [Ca2+]i rise after pretreatment with thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor). Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not change thimerosal-induced [Ca2+]i rises. At concentrations between 5 and 10 μM, thimerosal killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of 8 μM thimerosal was potentiated by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate/acetomethyl (BAPTA/ AM). Flow cytometry data suggested that 1—7 μM thimerosal-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, in OC2 cells, thimerosal-induced [Ca2+]i rises by causing phospholipase C-independent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx through non—L-type Ca2+ channels. Thimerosal killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner through apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- LN Kuo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CJ Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - YC Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Laboratory Medicine Division, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CC Huang
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology; Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - JL Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - KL Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - ST Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - HT Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - JM Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Ping Tung Christian Hospital, Ping Tung, Taiwan
| | - HH Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CC Chi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - WC Chen
- Department of Surgery, Ping Tung Christian Hospital, Ping Tung, Taiwan
| | - JY Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - WC Liao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - LL Tseng
- Department of Dentist, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CR Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
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Chang HJ, Chen TT, Huang LL, Chen YF, Tsai JY, Wang TC, Kuo HC. Optically modulated internal strain in InGaN quantum dots grown on SiN(x) nano masks. Opt Express 2008; 16:920-926. [PMID: 18542166 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optically modulated internal strain has been observed in InGaN quantum dots (QDs) deposited on SiN(x) nano masks. The modulated internal strain can induce a number of intriguing effects, including the change of refractive index and the redshift of InGaN A(1)(LO) phonon. The underlying mechanism can be well accounted for in terms of the variation of internal strain through the converse piezoelectric effect arising from the screening of the internal electric field due to spatial separation of photoexcited electrons and holes. Our results point out a convenient way for the fine tuning of physical properties in nitride-based semiconductor nanostructures, which is very important for high quality optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Chang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Ng LT, Wu SJ, Tsai JY, Lai MN. Antioxidant activities of cultured Armillariella mellea. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2007; 43:495-500. [PMID: 17929580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of a cultured medicinal fungus--Armillariella mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) Karst. (AM). Three antioxidant assay systems, namely cytochrome c, xanthine oxidase inhibition and FeCl2-ascorbic acid stimulated lipid peroxidation in rat tissue homogenate tests, were used. Total flavonoid and phenol contents of AM extracts were also analyzed. Results showed that both aqueous (AM-H2O) and ethanolic (AM-EtOH) extracts of solid state cultured AM showed antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations 1-100 microg/ml, the free radical scavenging activity was 73.7-92.1% for AM-H2O, and 60.0-90.8% for AM-EtOH. These extracts also showed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity, but with a lesser potency (IC50 - 9.17 microg/ml for AM-H2O and 7.48 microg/ml for AM-EtOH). In general, AM-H2O showed a stronger anti-lipid peroxidation activity on different rat's tissues than AM-EtOH. However, both AM extracts displayed a weak inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in plasma. Interestingly, the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of AM-H2O (IC50 - 6.66 microg/ml) in brain homogenate was as good as alpha-tocopherol (IC50 - 5.42 microg/ml). AM-H2O (80.0 mg/g) possessed a significant higher concentration of total flavonoids than AM-EtOH (30.0 mg/g), whereas no difference was noted in the total phenol content between these two extracts. These results conclude that AM extracts possess potent free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities, especially the AM-H20 in the brain homogenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Ng
- Department of Biotechnology, Tajen University, Yanpu Shiang, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Wu SJ, Tsai JY, Chang SP, Lin DL, Wang SS, Huang SN, Ng LT. Supercritical carbon dioxide extract exhibits enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Physalis peruviana. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 108:407-13. [PMID: 16820275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Physalis peruviana L. (PP) is a medicinal herb widely used in folk medicine. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) method was employed to obtain three different PP extracts, namely SCEPP-0, SCEPP-4 and SCEPP-5. The total flavonoid and phenol concentrations, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these extracts were analyzed and compared with aqueous and ethanolic PP extracts. Among all the extracts tested, SCEPP-5 demonstrated the highest total flavonoid (234.63+/-9.61 mg/g) and phenol (90.80+/-2.21 mg/g) contents. At concentrations 0.1-30 microg/ml, SCEPP-5 also demonstrated the strongest superoxide anion scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect. At 30 microg/ml, SCEPP-5 significantly prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 microg/ml)-induced cell cytotoxicity in murine macrophage (Raw 264.7) cells. At 10-50 microg/ml, it also significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO release and PGE2 formation in a dose-dependent pattern. SCEPP-5 at 30 microg/ml remarkably blocked the LPS induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Taken together, these results suggest that SCEPP-5, an extract of SFE-CO2, displayed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to other extracts. Its protection against LPS-induced inflammation could be through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wu
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Tsai JY, Iannitti D, Berkenblit A, Akerman P, Nadeem A, Rathore R, Harrington D, Roye D, Miner T, Barnett JM, Maia C, Stuart K, Safran H. Phase I study of docetaxel, capecitabine, and carboplatin in metastatic esophagogastric cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2005; 28:329-33. [PMID: 16062072 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000158492.35639.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A phase I trial was conducted to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of docetaxel, capecitabine, and carboplatin for first-line treatment of patients with metastatic esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS Twenty-eight patients were treated over 5 dose levels in a 21-day cycle. Patients received carboplatin (AUC = 2) on days 1 and 8, docetaxel (35-40 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8, and capecitabine (500-2000 mg/m2) on days 1 to 10. RESULTS There were no DLTs in the first cycle of treatment. Dose reductions were required in 10 of 15 patients at the final dose level due to neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and hand/foot syndrome following a median of 3 cycles of treatment. Therefore, escalation beyond dose level 5 was not attempted. The MTD was docetaxel, 40 mg/m2 days 1 and 8; carboplatin, AUC = 2 days 1 and 8; and capecitabine, 1500 to 2000 mg/m2 days 1 to 10 in a 21-day cycle. Ten of 25 patients who could be evaluated (40%) responded and 8 of 14 patients treated at the final dose level responded (57%). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative gastrointestinal toxicities and neutropenia were the DLTs of docetaxel, capecitabine, and carboplatin. This combination represents an easily administered, active regimen for patients with metastatic gastric and esophageal cancers. Further evaluation of this regimen is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Tsai
- Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Safran H, Iannitti D, Ramanathan R, Schwartz JD, Steinhoff M, Nauman C, Hesketh P, Rathore R, Wolff R, Tantravahi U, Hughes TM, Maia C, Pasquariello T, Goldstein L, King T, Tsai JY, Kennedy T. Herceptin and gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancers that overexpress HER-2/neu. Cancer Invest 2004; 22:706-12. [PMID: 15581051 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-200032974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the response rate and toxicities of Herceptin and gemcitabine for patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas that overexpress HER-2/neu. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer with 2+/3 + HER-2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry were eligible. Patients received gemcitabine, 1 g/m2/week, for 7 of 8 weeks followed by 3 of every 4 weeks, and Herceptin, 4 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 2 mg/kg/week. RESULTS Screening logs demonstrated the rate of HER-2/neu overexpression was 16%. Thirty-four patients were enrolled. Thirty patients (88%) had pancreatic cancers with 2+ overexpression and 4 patients (12%) had 3+ overexpression. Toxicity was similar to gemcitabine alone. Confirmed partial responses were observed in 2 of 32 patients (6%). Thirteen of 32 patients (41%) had either a partial response or a >50% reduction in CA 19-9. The median survival for all 34 patients was 7 months, and the 1-year survival was 19%. CONCLUSION The response rate of Herceptin and gemcitabine is similar to gemcitabine alone. The 7-month median survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer suggests there may be a modest benefit for some patients. Infrequent HER-2/neu overexpression limits the role of targeting the HER-2/neu gene and prevents definitive conclusions on the addition of Herceptin to gemcibine for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Safran
- The Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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12
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Safran H, Iannitti D, Ramanathan R, Schwartz JD, Steinhoff M, Nauman C, Hesketh P, Rathore R, Wolff R, Tantravahi U, Hughes TM, Maia C, Pasquariello T, Goldstein L, King T, Tsai JY, Kennedy T. Herceptin and gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancers that overexpress HER-2/neu. Cancer Invest 2004. [PMID: 15581051 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the response rate and toxicities of Herceptin and gemcitabine for patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas that overexpress HER-2/neu. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer with 2+/3 + HER-2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry were eligible. Patients received gemcitabine, 1 g/m2/week, for 7 of 8 weeks followed by 3 of every 4 weeks, and Herceptin, 4 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 2 mg/kg/week. RESULTS Screening logs demonstrated the rate of HER-2/neu overexpression was 16%. Thirty-four patients were enrolled. Thirty patients (88%) had pancreatic cancers with 2+ overexpression and 4 patients (12%) had 3+ overexpression. Toxicity was similar to gemcitabine alone. Confirmed partial responses were observed in 2 of 32 patients (6%). Thirteen of 32 patients (41%) had either a partial response or a >50% reduction in CA 19-9. The median survival for all 34 patients was 7 months, and the 1-year survival was 19%. CONCLUSION The response rate of Herceptin and gemcitabine is similar to gemcitabine alone. The 7-month median survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer suggests there may be a modest benefit for some patients. Infrequent HER-2/neu overexpression limits the role of targeting the HER-2/neu gene and prevents definitive conclusions on the addition of Herceptin to gemcibine for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Safran
- The Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Lu PK, Chien SY, Tsai JY, Fong CT, Lee MJ, Huang H, Sun YJ. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of spermidine synthase fromHelicobacter pylori. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:2067-9. [PMID: 15502329 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are essential for the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in most organisms. Spermidine synthase catalyzes the transfer of the aminopropyl group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine in the biosynthesis of spermidine. In this study, spermidine synthase of Helicobacter pylori has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Two kinds of spermidine synthase crystals were obtained. One belongs to the monoclinic P2(1) space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 62.78, b = 58.24, c = 74.28 A, beta = 90.9 degrees , and the other belongs to the orthorhombic C222(1) space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 100.43, b = 128.55, c = 143.60 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Lu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Safran H, DiPetrillo T, Nadeem A, Steinhoff M, Tantravahi U, Rathore R, Wanebo H, Hughes M, Maia C, Tsai JY, Pasquariello T, Pepperell JR, Cioffi W, Kennedy T, Reeder L, Ng T, Adrian A, Goldstein L, Chak B, Choy H. Trastuzumab, Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, and Radiation for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus: A Phase I Study #. Cancer Invest 2004; 22:670-7. [PMID: 15581047 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-200032951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a phase I study incorporating trastuzumab with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiation for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus without distant organ metastases were eligible. All patients received cisplatin 25 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks with radiation 50.4 Gy. HER-2/neu-positive patients (2+/3+ by immunohistochemistry) received weekly trastuzumab at dose levels of 1, 1.5, or 2 mg/kg weekly for 5 weeks after an initial bolus of 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg, respectively. HER-2/neu-negative patients received the same chemoradiation without trastuzumab as a control for toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicities were defined as grade 3 esophageal, cardiac, or pulmonary toxicity. RESULTS Twelve of 36 screened patients (33%) overexpressed HER-2/neu by immunohistochemistry (seven 3+ and five 2+). Eight of 12 patients with HER-2/neu overexpression by IHC had an increase in the number of HER-2/neu genes, six from amplification of the HER-2/ neu gene and two were hypderdiploid for chromosome 17. Thirty patients were enrolled (12 HER-2/neu-positive and 18 HER-2/neu-negative controls). No increase in toxicity was seen with the addition of trastuzumab. One of 12 patients in the trastuzumab arm and 8 of 17 in the control arm had grade 3 esophagitis (p < or = .026). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction for the trastuzumab group was 57% before treatment and 56% after treatment. CONCLUSION HER-2/neu is overexpressed in approximately one-third of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Trastuzumab can be added at full dose to cisplatin, paclitaxel, and radiation. Future studies of trastuzumab in esophageal adenocarcinoma are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Safran
- The Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Tsai JY, Nadeem A, Safran H. Chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Med Health R I 2004; 87:132-4. [PMID: 15250609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Y Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School, USA
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Tsai JY, Aviv H, Benevenia J, Chang VT, Patterson F, Aisner S, Hameed M. HER-2/neu and p53 in osteosarcoma: an immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Cancer Invest 2004; 22:16-24. [PMID: 15069760 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-120027577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of HER-2/neu and p53 has been associated with poor outcome in many neoplasms. Their role in patients with osteosarcoma is unclear. We studied the expression of HER-2/neu and p53 in 22 osteosarcoma samples (from 20 patients--2 had locally recurrent disease) biopsied at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) from 1996-2000 using both immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Fourteen patients (14 samples) presented with Stage II and 6 patients (8 samples) presented with Stage III disease. Median follow-up is two years (range one year to five years). Four of 22 (18%) samples showed focal membranous or cytoplasmic positivity for HER-2/neu and six of 22 samples (27%) showed nuclear positivity for p53 by IHC analysis. In contrast, none of 22 tested samples showed gene amplification for HER-2/neu by FISH analysis. Seven of 13 HER-2/neu and p53 negative patients (54%) are currently disease free (between one year to five years). In this sample of patients, the HER-2/neu oncogene is not overexpressed or amplified in osteosarcoma; six of 22 samples (27%) showed overexpression of p53 by IHC analysis. By FISH, none of the samples demonstrated deletion of p53. Neither HER2/neu nor p53 expression was important for the biology of osteosarcoma in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Tsai
- UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Effective locoregional treatments are needed for adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. Paclitaxel has been investigated as a radiation sensitizer for upper gastrointestinal malignancies. In esophageal cancer, the combination of low-dose weekly paclitaxel, platinum, and concurrent radiation therapy (RT) has substantial activity and is well tolerated. Regimens that add fluorouracil (5-FU) to paclitaxel and platinum or incorporate hyperfractionation radiation have a higher incidence of severe esophagitis. In gastric cancer, adjuvant concurrent paclitaxel, 5-FU, and radiation is being investigated in the cooperative group setting. In pancreatic cancer, paclitaxel may be a radiation sensitizer even to tumor cells that are resistant to paclitaxel as a single agent. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) demonstrated a 43% 1-year survival with paclitaxel/RT for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. This represented a 40% improvement in survival compared to the previous RTOG 92-09 study of 5-FU-based chemoradiation. Ongoing trials in pancreatic cancer are investigating the addition of gemcitabine to paclitaxel and radiation and incorporating molecular targeting agents.
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Abstract
In spite of the high mortality in pancreatic cancer, significant progress is being made. This review discusses multimodality therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer. According to several phase II trials and Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group results, improvements in locoregional control and survival may be achieved when chemotherapy is added to radiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Radiosensitizing chemotherapy agents such as 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and cisplatin have shown promise. Selected patients with locally advanced disease have been downstaged with chemoradiation, facilitating surgical resection. For patients with resectable disease, the completion of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study 97-04 represents a major achievement and brings gemcitabine into the forefront of adjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation may eliminate the delay of initiating adjuvant treatment and spare unnecessary surgery for patients with rapid systemic progression. Molecular agents are being combined with chemoradiation in an attempt to delay or prevent systemic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Tsai
- Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, RI, USA
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Advanced gastric cancer is incurable. The most widely investigated single-agent chemotherapy is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with partial response rates up to 20%. Pilot phase II studies investigating combinations of 5-FU, anthracyclines, mitomycin, methotrexate, and platinums achieved higher response rates; however, the response rates declined in subsequent larger trials. Furthermore, toxicity was substantially higher in confirmatory trials, emphasizing the need to develop well-tolerated regimens prior to multi-institutional testing. Although phase III studies of combination regimens have not achieved a clear worldwide standard, the regimen of epirubicin, cisplatin, and continuous-infusion 5-FU achieved a survival benefit, possibly through the increased activity of infusional 5-FU combined with cisplatin. The taxanes, irinotecan and oxaliplatin, have recently shown important activity in gastric cancer. Patient accrual to a phase III trial comparing a docetaxel-based combination regimen with the regimen of cisplatin and 5-FU has completed accrual. Whether patients with adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach and gastroesophageal junction will have the same response rates to these new agents as did patients with classical body and distal gastric cancers is unknown. It is anticipated that the development of these active new agents will ultimately improve survival for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Tsai
- Department of Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are rare in patients under the age of 21 years. This is a report of a series of such patients documenting their presentation, histologic type, stage of disease, treatment, and outcome. METHODS Clinical findings, histology, stage, treatment, and outcomes of 19 patients with epithelial ovarian neoplasia are reported. All histology was rereviewed. RESULTS The median age at the time of diagnosis was 19.7 years (range, 14.1-21.8 years), and the median follow-up was 5.6 years (range, 0.2-19.5 years). The most common presenting symptom was dysmenorrhea (100%) followed by abdominal pain (68%), and the initial diagnosis usually was made ultrasonographically. There were nine (47%) serous tumors, 7 (37%) mucinous tumors, 2 (11%) small cell carcinomas, and 1 (5%) endometrioid carcinoma. Seventy-nine percent of tumors were unilateral, and 84% were low malignant potential or well differentiated tumors. Surgical treatment included unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 12 patients (63%), total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 6 patients (32%), and ovarian cystectomy in 1 patient (5%). Fifteen patients (79%) had Stage I disease, and 4 patients (21%) had Stage III disease at the time of diagnosis. There were two deaths in this series, and both occurred in patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial ovarian neoplasias are rare in patients in this age group but must be included in the differential diagnosis of an ovarian mass. Most patients present with Stage I tumors of low malignant potential. In these patients, good survival is achieved with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and preservation of fertility. In contrast, small cell carcinomas are very aggressive, and patients with this variant require intensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Tsai
- Department of Surgery (Pediatric Surgery, Gynecologic Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Lee YH, Huang WC, Tsai JY, Chen JS, Huang JK. In vitro effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the chemolysis of infective stones. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:292-8. [PMID: 11499339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to extend the feasibility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the urological field, the present study aimed to investigate the dissolution activity of human infective stones in UROCITRA solution under hyperbaric oxygen condition. METHODS The dissolution activity of 7 struvite and 11 mixed struvite and carbonate apatite stones in UROCITRA solution were studied under 2.5 atmosphere (atm) hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) status in a Sigma I N-124 monoplace chamber. Another 7 struvite and 10 mixed struvite and carbonate apatite stones were also studied under normal condition. Chemolysis was performed in a drip device with a 150-ml/hour continuous flow rate. RESULTS Under 2.5 atm HBO status, the PO2 of UROCITRA solution was 365 +/- 44 mmHg, which was significantly higher than that of tap water (113 +/- 62 mmHg) and UROCITRA solution (125 +/- 12 mmHg) under normobaric condition (p < 0.001). The decreases in the stone weight of struvite under normobaric condition were 31 +/- 8.8% after 2 h and 48 +/- 15% after 4 h of treatment. The HBO-enriched UROCITRA solution did not increase the dissolution activity as reflected by comparable decreases in the dried stone weight (31.2 +/- 14.6% and 54 +/- 19% at the 2nd and 4th post-treatment hours, respectively, p > 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the percent stone weight decrease of the mixed struvite and carbonate apatite stones under either HBO or normobaric condition. The dissolution responsiveness of struvite was significantly greater than that of the mixed struvite and carbonate apatite stones. CONCLUSIONS The chemolysis of struvite in UROCITRA solution is significantly greater than that of the mixed struvite and carbonate apatite stones. However, the UROCITRA solution enriched with HBO does not enhance the dissolution of infective stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
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Esler WP, Kimberly WT, Ostaszewski BL, Diehl TS, Moore CL, Tsai JY, Rahmati T, Xia W, Selkoe DJ, Wolfe MS. Transition-state analogue inhibitors of gamma-secretase bind directly to presenilin-1. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:428-34. [PMID: 10878808 DOI: 10.1038/35017062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), which is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and the Notch receptor, which is responsible for critical signalling events during development, both undergo unusual proteolysis within their transmembrane domains by unknown gamma-secretases. Here we show that an affinity reagent designed to interact with the active site of gamma-secretase binds directly and specifically to heterodimeric forms of presenilins, polytopic proteins that are mutated in hereditary Alzheimer's and are known mediators of gamma-secretase cleavage of both beta-APP and Notch. These results provide evidence that heterodimeric presenilins contain the active site of gamma-secretase, and validate presenilins as principal targets for the design of drugs to treat and prevent Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Esler
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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Kawamura M, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ, Kador PF, Lee YS, Tsai JY, Fujisawa S, Lizak MJ, Sinz A, Sato S. Aldose reductase, a key enzyme in the oxidative deamination of norepinephrine in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 58:517-24. [PMID: 10424772 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The sympathoneural neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) is deaminated to 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde (DHMAL) and subsequently converted to either 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). In this study, we investigated the relative importance of aldose reductase versus aldehyde reductase in the formation of DHPG from DHMAL. The in vitro incubation of NE with aldose reductase in the presence of monoamine oxidase (MAO) resulted in the formation of DHPG, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Although aldehyde reductase also generated DHPG, its activity was much lower than that of aldose reductase. With northern blotting, the expression of both aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase was detected in rat superior cervical ganglia. However, with western blotting, only aldose reductase was immunologically detectable. Treatment of rats with aldose reductase inhibitors for 3 days increased the plasma level of DHMA. There was no correlation between the selectivity of inhibitors and effects on NE metabolite levels. A significant decrease in DHPG, however, was obtained only with an extremely high dose (9 mg/kg/day) of the nonselective inhibitor AL 1576. The present study confirmed that aldose reductase generates DHPG from NE in the presence of MAO. In rat sympathetic neurons, aldose reductase appears to be more important than aldehyde reductase for the formation of DHPG. However, when aldose reductase is inhibited, it appears that aldehyde reductase can compensate for the conversion of DHMAL to DHPG, indicating redundancy in the reduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawamura
- Clinical Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Lee YH, Huang WC, Tsai JY, Huang JK. The efficacy of potassium citrate based medical prophylaxis for preventing upper urinary tract calculi: a midterm followup study. J Urol 1999; 161:1453-7. [PMID: 10210371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the efficacy of potassium citrate based medical prophylaxis for preventing upper urinary calculous recurrence, and compared it with the stone recurrence rate in patients who only received intermittent or no medical prophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 493 patients with upper urinary calculi, of whom 237 men and 76 women with a mean age of 56.1 and 51.4 years, respectively, were enrolled in the study. Of the 313 participants 64 (group 1, 20.4%) received regular medical prophylaxis for 24 to 42 months (mean 27.8), 80 (group 2, 25.6%) received intermittent medical prophylaxis for 1.5 to 19 months (mean 7.9) and 169 (group 3, 54%) did not receive any medical prophylaxis. RESULTS At midterm followup of 24 to 60 months 107 patients (34.2%) had stone recurrence. In group 1 the stone recurrence rate was 7.8%, which was significantly less (p <0.001) than in groups 2 (30%) and 3 (46.2%). Similarly new calculous events in patients with a history of multiple stone recurrence were less frequent in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (9.7, 47.4 and 52.2%, respectively, p <0.001). Multiple stone recurrence history, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi were independent risk factors for stone recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Regular medical prophylaxis may effectively prevent stone recurrence regardless of previous treatment modalities, stone composition, metabolic abnormalities and stone-free status. Cost effectiveness, patient compliance and gastrointestinal upset may limit patient acceptability and clinical use of medical prophylaxis. However, patients with a history of multiple stone recurrence, calcium oxalate dihydrate stones, hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria benefit from regular medical prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ohta N, Tsai JY, Secchi EF, Kador PF, Sato S. Neutrophils in galactose-fed dogs: suppressed apoptosis and increased adhesion to retinal capillary endothelial cells. J Diabetes Complications 1999; 13:151-8. [PMID: 10509875 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8727(99)00040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dogs fed a diet containing 30% galactose develop diabetes-like retinal capillary changes. As retinal capillary occlusion is commonly observed in diabetic retinopathy, neutrophil apoptosis and the interaction of neutrophils with retinal capillary endothelial cells were investigated. Neutrophils were isolated with Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation from dogs fed a 30% galactose diet and dogs fed a normal, control diet containing 30% non-nutrient filler. Apoptosis of neutrophils was microscopically examined after incubation at 37 degrees C for 3 hours with either 100 U/mL tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), 2 microg/mL cycloheximide or 50 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Neutrophil adhesion to dog retinal capillary endothelial cells was examined by counting the cells attached to the surface of endothelial cells after the incubation in the presence of either 100 U/mL TNF-alpha or 5 microg/mL lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at 37 degrees C for 3 hours. With all three stimulants TNF-alpha, cycloheximide and PMA, the rate of apoptosis was significantly lower for neutrophils isolated from galactose-fed dogs compared to control dogs fed a normal diet. Preincubation of neutrophils from control dogs in medium containing 30% galactose for 3 hours did not affect the rate of apoptosis. Neutrophil adhesion to retinal capillary endothelial cells induced by incubation in the presence of either 100 U/mL TNF-alpha or 5 microg/ml LPS was significantly higher with neutrophils isolated from galactose-fed dogs than those from control dogs. The data indicate that long-term galactose feeding is essential with development of various neutrophil dysfunctions. These neutrophil changes may contribute to the development of retinal microangiopathy associated with diabetes and galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ohta
- Laboratory of Ocular Therapeutics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1850, USA
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Sato S, Secchi EF, Lizak MJ, Fukase S, Ohta N, Murata M, Tsai JY, Kador PF. Polyol formation and NADPH-dependent reductases in dog retinal capillary pericytes and endothelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40:697-704. [PMID: 10067973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dogs fed a diet containing 30% galactose experience retinal vascular changes similar to those in human diabetic retinopathy, with selective pericyte loss as an initial lesion. In the present study the relationship among reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reductases, polyol formation, and flux through the polyol pathway in cultured dog retinal capillary cells were investigated. METHODS Pericytes and endothelial cells were cultured from retina of beagle dogs. NADPH-dependent reductases were characterized by chromatofocusing after gel filtration. Sugars in cultured cells were analyzed by gas chromatography, and flux through the polyol pathway was investigated by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3FG) as a substrate. The presence of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in these cells was examined by northern blot analysis. RESULTS Two distinct peaks corresponding to aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase, the latter being dominant, were observed in pericytes by chromatofocusing. Culture in medium containing either 10 mM D-galactose or 30 mM D-glucose resulted in the accumulation of sugar alcohol in pericytes that was markedly reduced by aldose reductase inhibitors. 19F NMR spectra obtained from pericytes cultured for 5 days in medium containing 2 mM 3FG displayed the marked accumulation of 3-fluoro-deoxysorbitol but not 3-fluoro-deoxyfructose. No 3FG metabolism was observed in similarly cultured endothelial cells. With northern blot analysis, aldose reductase was detected in pericytes but not in endothelial cells. Sorbitol dehydrogenase was below the detectable limit in pericytes and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Aldose, aldehyde, and glyceraldehyde reductases are present in dog retinal capillary pericytes, with aldehyde reductase being the major reductase present. Polyol accumulation easily occurs in pericytes but not in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sato
- Laboratory of Ocular Therapeutics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1850, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvements in survival, for infants born with esophageal atresia tracheoesophageal fistula, or both, the morbidity associated with repair of these anomalies remains high. METHODS This report retrospectively analyzes 81 patients with esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, or both presenting to our institution between 1975 and 1995, with a focus on anastomotic complications. RESULTS There were 46 male and 35 female patients with a mean gestational age of 37 weeks and mean birth weight of 2443 g. Forty-four patients underwent primary esophageal anastomoses, 7 underwent delayed primary anastomoses, 12 patients underwent staged repairs, and 5 underwent repair of H-type fistulas. Among 62 patients with anastomoses, complications included stricture in 25/62 patients (40%), leakage in 12/62 patients (19%), and recurrent tracheoesophageal fistulas in 6/62 patients (10%). Stricture rates for esophagoclonic anastomoses versus esophagoesophageal anastomoses were 4/8 cases (50%) versus 21/54 cases (39%). This difference was not statistically significant. All esophagoesophageal strictures were managed successfully with dilations; three of four esophagocolonic strictures required anastomotic revision. The leakage rate for esophagocolonic anastomoses versus esophagoesophageal anastomoses was 6/8 cases (75%) versus 6/54 cases (11%). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0003). Two patients required revision of their colon grafts secondary to necrosis. Eighteen of 81 patients (22%) died. Operative mortality was 9/74 (12%). Causes of death included associated anomalies (n = 15), recurrent aspiration and sepsis secondary to missed fistula (n = 1), and unknown (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Although the morbidity associated with surgical repair of these anomalies is high, this does not affect the overall survival. The high complication rate associated with colonic interposition suggests that one should preserve the native esophagus as a primary conduit whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Tsai
- Department of Surgery, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021, USA
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Reddi PP, Naaby-Hansen S, Aguolnik I, Tsai JY, Silver LM, Flickinger CJ, Herr JC. Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning and characterization of mSP-10: the mouse homologue of human acrosomal protein SP-10. Biol Reprod 1995; 53:873-81. [PMID: 8547483 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod53.4.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementary DNA encoding the putative mouse homologue for human acrosomal protein SP-10, a candidate contraceptive vaccinogen, was cloned and sequenced. The entire open reading frame (amino acids 18 to 261) of the mouse SP-10 (mSP-10), with the exception of the signal peptide (amino acids 1 to 17), was placed under the influence of inducible T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system to overproduce recombinant protein (re-mSP-10) in Escherichia coli. A six-histidine tag, which was coexpressed at the carboxyl terminus of re-mSP-10, provided the means for purification of re-mSP-10 by immobilized metal chelation affinity chromatography technique. The level of purity of re-mSP-10 thus obtained was determined by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis to be 98%. Immunoblotting with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies previously generated against human or baboon SP-10 showed that mSP-10 shared significant antigenic similarity with its primate counterparts. The position of mSP-10 in the mouse genome was next mapped through segregation analysis of an interspecific backcross panel of 96 animals. Acrv1 (assigned gene symbol for mSP-10) was localized in the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 9 in a region that exhibits synteny with human 11q23, the region to which ACRV1 (gene symbol for human SP-10) was previously mapped. These characterizations by combined immunological and gene mapping techniques established the cloned mSP-10 to be the mouse homologue of SP-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Reddi
- Center for Recombinant Gamete Contraceptive Vaccinogens, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Cebra-Thomas JA, Tsai JY, Pilder SH, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Silver LM. Localization of the Mas proto-oncogene to a densely marked region of mouse chromosome 17 associated with genomic imprinting. Genomics 1992; 13:444-6. [PMID: 1612602 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90267-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mouse homolog of the human proto-oncogene MAS was mapped by two interspecific backcrosses to the proximal portion of MMU17. Higher resolution mapping was accomplished through the analysis of genotypes duplicated or deleted for a megabase-size subregion within MMU17. The results demonstrate a map position for Mas in the close vicinity of Igf2r, which encodes another membrane receptor known to undergo genomic imprinting. The data provide further evidence for the clustering of genes in a 1-Mb region of chromosome 17, with the absence of any identified genes in a nearby region likely to be six times larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cebra-Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1014
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Abstract
Genomic imprinting occurs at the paternally inherited allele of the mouse T-associated maternal effect (Tme) locus. As a consequence, maternal transmission of a functional Tme gene is normally required for viability and individuals that receive a Tme-deleted chromosome (Thp or tlub2) from their mother die late in gestation or shortly thereafter. Here we report that a rearranged paternally derived chromosome duplicated for the Tme locus can act to rescue animals that have not received a maternal copy of the Tme locus. Unexpectedly, all rescued animals display an abnormal short/kinky tail phenotype. Somatic transfer of genomic imprinting between homologs by means of a transvection-like process between paired Tme and T loci is proposed as a model to explain the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1014
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Sheppard RD, Montagutelli X, Jean WC, Tsai JY, Rose A, Guénet JL, Cole MD, Silver LM. Two-dimensional gel analysis of complex DNA families: methodology and apparatus. Mamm Genome 1991; 1:104-11. [PMID: 1665999 DOI: 10.1007/bf02443786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a reproducible protocol for the analysis of individual members of complex mammalian gene families by gel fractionation in two dimensions within a specially designed, easily built electrophoretic apparatus. We have used this protocol to resolve the family of mouse H-2 class I genes, with approximately 30 members, as well as two different families of endogenous retroviral-like sequences, each of which has approximately 180 members dispersed throughout the genome. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using this protocol for rapid, whole genome analysis of individual animals and cell lines. Two-dimensional DNA analysis of highly repeated retroviral-like DNA families could be applied to genetic mapping and cloning experiments as well as to obtaining whole genome fingerprints in the analysis of somatic cell hybrid lines that contain a subset of chromosomes from the genome of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Sheppard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
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Bibbins KB, Tsai JY, Schimenti J, Sarvetnick N, Zoghbi HY, Goodfellow P, Silver LM. Human homologs of two testes-expressed loci on mouse chromosome 17 map to opposite arms of chromosome 6. Genomics 1989; 5:139-43. [PMID: 2767684 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has recently cloned and characterized two testes-expressed loci--the Tcp-10 gene family cluster and the D17Si11 gene--that map to the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 17. Human homologs of both loci have been identified and cloned. Somatic cell hybrid lines have been used to map the human homolog of D17Si11 to the short arm of chromosome 6 (p11-p21.1) along with homologs of other genes from the (Pim-1)-(Pgk-2) region of the mouse chromosome. The human TCP 10 locus maps to the long arm of chromosome 6 (q21-qter) along with homologs of other genes from the mouse chromosome 17 region between the centromere and Pim-1. The mapping of large portions of the mouse t haplotype to unlinked regions on human chromosome 6 rules out the possibility that a t-haplotype-like chromosome could exist in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Bibbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
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Abstract
We have characterized a novel mouse gene (D17Si11) on chromosome 17 that expresses a major transcript observed uniquely in the testes. The D17Si11 locus has been mapped to the central region of chromosome 17 between H-2 and C3. Sequence analysis demonstrates several unusual features of this locus and its transcript: first is the presence of complementary sets of alternating purine and pyrimidine residues within the 3' region of the transcript that could form double-stranded, hairpin-like secondary structures with properties similar to that of Z-DNA; second is the existence of a hypothetical, long open reading frame in the nucleotide strand that is complementary to the testes transcripts. This complementary strand open reading frame is three times the size of the longest potential open reading frame present in the transcript itself. Although a function for D17Si11 has yet to be determined, the gene is relatively nonpolymorphic in mice and appears conserved in mammals.
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