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Bezverbnaya K, Moogk D, Cummings D, Baker CL, Aarts C, Denisova G, Sun M, McNicol JD, Turner RC, Rullo AF, Foley SR, Bramson JL. Development of a B-cell maturation antigen-specific T-cell antigen coupler receptor for multiple myeloma. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:820-832. [PMID: 34217618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS T cells engineered with synthetic receptors have delivered powerful therapeutic results for patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. The authors have recently described the T-cell antigen coupler (TAC) receptor, which co-opts the endogenous T-cell receptor (TCR) and activates engineered T cells in an HLA-independent manner. Here the authors describe the evolution of a next-generation TAC receptor with a focus on developing a TAC-engineered T cell for multiple myeloma. METHODS To optimize the TAC scaffold, the authors employed a bona fide antigen-binding domain derived from the B-cell maturation antigen-specific monoclonal antibody C11D5.3, which has been used successfully in the clinic. The authors first tested humanized versions of the UCHT1 domain, which is used by the TAC to co-opt the TCR. The authors further discovered that the signal peptide affected surface expression of the TAC receptor. Higher density of the TAC receptor enhanced target binding in vitro, which translated into higher levels of Lck at the immunological synapse and stronger proliferation when only receptor-ligand interactions were present. RESULTS The authors observed that the humanized UCHT1 improved surface expression and in vivo efficacy. Using TAC T cells derived from both healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients, the authors determined that despite the influence of receptor density on early activation events and effector function, receptor density did not impact late effector functions in vitro, nor did the receptor density affect in vivo efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The modifications to the TAC scaffold described herein represent an important step in the evolution of this technology, which tolerates a range of expression levels without impacting therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Bezverbnaya
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Duane Moogk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Derek Cummings
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christopher L Baker
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Craig Aarts
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Galina Denisova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael Sun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jamie D McNicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Turner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anthony F Rullo
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Lee JH, Laronde S, Collins TJ, Shapovalova Z, Tanasijevic B, McNicol JD, Fiebig-Comyn A, Benoit YD, Lee JB, Mitchell RR, Bhatia M. Lineage-Specific Differentiation Is Influenced by State of Human Pluripotency. Cell Rep 2017; 19:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Sachlos E, Risueño RM, Laronde S, Shapovalova Z, Lee JH, Russell J, Malig M, McNicol JD, Fiebig-Comyn A, Graham M, Levadoux-Martin M, Lee JB, Giacomelli AO, Hassell JA, Fischer-Russell D, Trus MR, Foley R, Leber B, Xenocostas A, Brown ED, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Identification of drugs including a dopamine receptor antagonist that selectively target cancer stem cells. Cell 2012; 149:1284-97. [PMID: 22632761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs) offers promise for a new generation of therapeutics. However, assays for both human CSCs and normal stem cells that are amenable to robust biological screens are limited. Using a discovery platform that reveals differences between neoplastic and normal human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), we identify small molecules from libraries of known compounds that induce differentiation to overcome neoplastic self-renewal. Surprisingly, thioridazine, an antipsychotic drug, selectively targets the neoplastic cells, and impairs human somatic CSCs capable of in vivo leukemic disease initiation while having no effect on normal blood SCs. The drug antagonizes dopamine receptors that are expressed on CSCs and on breast cancer cells as well. These results suggest that dopamine receptors may serve as a biomarker for diverse malignancies, demonstrate the utility of using neoplastic hPSCs for identifying CSC-targeting drugs, and provide support for the use of differentiation as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Sachlos
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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