Influence of communication determinants on safety commitment in a high-risk workplace: a systematic literature review of four communication dimensions

Health, safety, and environment (HSE) are critical aspects of any industry, particularly in high-risk environments, such as the oil and gas industry. Continuous accident reports indicate the requirement for the effective implementation of safety rules, regulations, and practices. This systematic literature review examines the relationship between safety communication and safety commitment in high-risk workplaces, specifically focusing on the oil and gas industry. The review comprises 1,439 articles from 2004 to 2023, retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA comprehensive guidelines. This study considers safety communication, communication climate, and communication satisfaction to evaluate their influence on safety commitment under occupational health and safety. This study identifies safety commitment issues and their underlying factors, discussing measures for preventing and reducing accidents and incidents and highlighting preventive measures for future research. It also signifies the variables influencing accident and incident rates. The research underscores the importance of communication dimensions and the need for workers to possess adequate skills, knowledge, and attitudes regarding occupational safety and health procedures. Moreover, the study contributes to the industrial and academic domains by improving organizational safety commitment, promoting a safety culture, and developing effective communication strategies. Furthermore, practitioners may benefit from this comprehensive overview in developing, evaluating, and enhancing occupational safety.

The role of NELL-1, a growth factor associated with craniosynostosis, in promoting bone regeneration

Efforts to enhance bone regeneration in orthopedic and dental cases have grown steadily for the past decade, in line with increasingly sophisticated regenerative medicine. To meet the unprecedented demand for novel osteospecific growth factors with fewer adverse effects compared with those of existing adjuncts such as BMPs, our group has identified a craniosynostosis-associated secreted molecule, NELL-1, which is a potent growth factor that is highly specific to the osteochondral lineage, and has demonstrated robust induction of bone in multiple in vivo models from rodents to pre-clinical large animals. NELL-1 is preferentially expressed in osteoblasts under direct transcriptional control of Runx2, and is well-regulated during skeletal development. NELL-1/Nell-1 can promote orthotopic bone regeneration via either intramembranous or endochondral ossification, both within and outside of the craniofacial complex. Unlike BMP-2, Nell-1 cannot initiate ectopic bone formation in muscle, but can induce bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to form bone in a mouse muscle pouch model, exhibiting specificity that BMPs lack. In addition, synergistic osteogenic effects of Nell-1 and BMP combotherapy have been observed, and are likely due to distinct differences in their signaling pathways. NELL-1's unique role as a novel osteoinductive growth factor makes it an attractive alternative with promise for future clinical applications. [Note: NELL-1 and NELL-1 indicate the human gene and protein, respectively; Nell-1 and Nell-1 indicate the mouse gene and protein, respectively.]

Diverse spatial expression patterns of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase family member mRNAs during mouse development

Cell migration and adhesion during embryonic development are complex processes which likely involve interactions among cell-surface carbohydrates. While considerable work has implicated proteoglycans in a wide range of developmental events, only limited attention has been directed towards understanding the 7role(s) played by the related class of mucin-type O-glycans. The initial step of mammalian mucin-type O-glycosylation is catalyzed by a family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGaNTases). The spatial expression patterns of the messenger RNAs of seven ppGaNTase family members were investigated from gastrulation through organogenesis stages of mouse development. The seven glycosyltransferases were expressed in unique patterns during embryogenesis. ppGaNTase-T1, -T2, -T4, and -T9 were expressed more ubiquitously than ppGaNTase-T3, -T5, and -T7. Organ systems with discrete accumulation patterns of ppGaNTase family members include the gastrointestinal tract (intestine, liver, stomach, submandibular gland), nervous system (brain, eye), lung, bone, yolk sac, and developing craniofacial region. The pattern in the craniofacial region included differential expression by family members in developing mandible, teeth, tongue and discrete regions of the brain including the pons and migratory, differentiating neurons. Additionally, ppGaNTase-T5 accumulates in a subset of mesenchymal cells at the ventral-most portions of the E12.5 maxilla and mandible underlying the dental lamina. The unique spatiotemporal expression of the different ppGaNTase family members during development suggests unique roles for each of these gene products.

The role of carbohydrates in mammalian sperm-egg interactions: how important are carbohydrate epitopes?

Evidence implicating the involvement of carbohydrates in fertilization has been reported for decades in species which span the phylogenetic scale. The exact nature and role of these ligands in fertilization, however, has eluded investigators. Here, such investigations are reviewed as they relate to mammalian fertilization, with the principle focus on reviewing the role of carbohydrates involved in the primary binding event between sperm cell and egg.

A cytoplasmic protein, bystin, interacts with trophinin, tastin, and cytokeratin and may be involved in trophinin-mediated cell adhesion between trophoblast and endometrial epithelial cells

Trophinin and tastin form a cell adhesion molecule complex that potentially mediates an initial attachment of the blastocyst to uterine epithelial cells at the time of implantation. Trophinin and tastin, however, do not directly bind to each other, suggesting the presence of an intermediary protein. The present study identifies a cytoplasmic protein, named bystin, that directly binds trophinin and tastin. Bystin consists of 306 amino acid residues and is predicted to contain tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues in contexts conforming to motifs for phosphorylation by protein kinases. Database searches revealed a 53% identity of the predicted peptide sequence with the Drosophila bys (mrr) gene. Direct protein-protein interactions of trophinin, tastin, and bystin analyzed by yeast two-hybrid assays and by in vitro protein binding assays indicated that binding between bystin and trophinin and between bystin and tastin is enhanced when cytokeratin 8 and 18 are present as the third molecule. Immunocytochemistry of bystin showed that bystin colocalizes with trophinin, tastin, and cytokeratins in a human trophoblastic teratocarcinoma cell, HT-H. It is therefore possible that these molecules form a complex and thus are involved in the process of embryo implantation.

Cloning and expression of mouse UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T3

A novel isoform of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, designated ppGaNTase-T3, has been cloned from a mouse testis cDNA library and expressed in COS7 cells. ppGaNTase-T3 displayed 64 and 59% amino acid identity with ppGaNTase-T1 and ppGaNTase-T2, respectively, and 96% amino acid identity with the recently reported human form of ppGaNTase-T3. The ppGaNTase-T3 transcript is abundant in the major salivary glands, gastrointestinal tract and both the male and female reproductive systems. ppGaNTase-T3 and ppGaNTase-T1 display overlapping substrate preferences in vitro, although mapping studies of O-glycosylated peptides suggests that certain hydroxyamino acids are preferentially glycosylated by each isoform. This suggests that more than one isoform of ppGaNTase may be required to complete the O-glycosylation of endogenous substrates.

Cobra venom factor immunoconjugates: effects of carbohydrate-directed versus amino group-directed conjugation

Human IgM monoclonal antibody 16-88, derived from patients immunized with autologous colon carcinoma cells, was derivatized with two different cross-linkers, S-(2-thiopyridyl)-L-cysteine hydrazide (TPCH), which is carbohydrate-directed, and N-succinimidyl-3-(2- pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP), which is amino group-directed. Two antibody functions, antigen binding and complement activation, were assayed upon derivatization with TPCH and SPDP. TPCH allowed for extensive modification (up to 17 TPCH molecules per antibody) without impairment of antigen binding activity, while this function was significantly compromised upon derivatization with SPDP. Antibody molecules derivatized with 16 SPDP residues showed almost complete loss of their antigen binding function. The complement activating ability of antibody 16-88 was significantly decreased after derivatization with TPCH or SPDP. In the case of SPDP derivatization, this decrease of the complement activating ability is predominantly a consequence of the impaired binding function. Upon conjugation of cobra venom factor (CVF), a nontoxic 137-kDa glycoprotein which is capable of activating the alternative pathway of complement, the antigen binding activity of SPDP-derivatized antibody was further compromised, whereas that of TPCH-derivatized antibody remained unaffected even after attachment of three or four CVF molecules per antibody. In both conjugates CVF retained good functional activity. CVF was slightly more active when attached to SPDP-derivatized antibody, suggesting a better accessibility of amino group-coupled CVF for its interaction with other complement proteins. These results indicate that carbohydrate-directed conjugation compromises the antibody function of complement activation, but allows for the generation of immunoconjugates with unimpaired antigen binding capability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Role of the carboxyl terminus in stable expression of hamster UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase

In order to examine the function of the carboxyl terminus of UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase (GPT), an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that synthesizes GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and, thus, catalyzes the committed step for N-linked glycosylation, a series of carboxyl-terminal truncation mutations was examined. Removal of the last 11 amino acids (398-408) from GPT had no significant effect on catalytic activity, thermal stability, tunicamycin binding, reticular localization, or consumption of cellular dolichol-P. However, in the absence of residues 398-408, the removal of three additional residues (Phe395-Ser396-Ile397), or their change to Leu395-Met396-Trp397 fully eliminated enzyme expression in vivo. By reattaching residues 398-408 to Leu395-Met396-Trp397, expression was restored. Thus, the carboxyl-terminal region of GPT is essential for stable expression. Either of two sequences (395-397 and 398-408) is sufficient for expression, but neither is necessary. Expression of GPT in the absence of residues 398-408 specifically required the Phe395-Ser396-Ile397 sequence, since most scramble and termination mutations within this sequence were inhibitory. One scramble mutant (Ile395-Ser396-Phe397-Stop398) was enzymatically active, but unusually thermolabile. Thus, the function of Phe395-Ser396-Ile397 may be to stabilize GPT.