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Czernetzki C, Kunz T, Huynh S, Lamprecht A, Sprenger J, Finze M, Arrowsmith M, Braunschweig H. Synthesis and Reactivity of Tricoordinate Organoberyllium Azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401279. [PMID: 38470074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
A series of terminal mono- and disubstituted beryllium azides of the form [(CAAC)Be(N3)R] (R=CAACH, Dur; CAACH/CAAC=1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-yl/idene, Dur=2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl) and [L2Be(N3)2] (L=CAACNH=1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-imine, IiPrMe=1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene), respectively, were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Thermolysis and photolysis products of these first examples of tricoordinate azidoberyllium complexes evidence extensive ligand scrambling and the formal insertion of nitrenes into the CAAC-Be bond, generating cyclic alkyl(amino)imine (CAAI) ligands. Furthermore, the reaction with a small N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) leads to unexpected CAAC-NHC ligand exchange, while the reaction with pentaphenylborole yields the first γ-azide adduct of a borole, long postulated to be the first step in the synthesis of 1,2-azaborinines from boroles and azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Czernetzki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Kunz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Huynh
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lamprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sprenger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Sprenger J, Petersen J, Neumann N, Reichenspurner H, Russ D, Detter C, Schlaefer A. Tracking heart surface features to determine myocardial contrast agent enrichment. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2021-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fluorescent cardiac imaging can be applied for intraoperative quality control after a coronary bypass grafting surgery to ensure the myocardial perfusion by evaluating the increasing contrast agent enrichment in the heart. The motion due to the beating heart impedes the interpretation of the contrast agent enrichment in the vessels and leads to noisy enrichment curves. We propose tracking of the heart surface features to compensate for the motion of the beating heart and thereby improve the analysis of the contrast agent enrichment. Furthermore, we propose a vessel segmentation pipeline for a local evaluation of contrast agent enrichment directly in the vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sprenger
- Institute of Medical Technology and Intelligent Systems, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg , Germany
| | - J. Petersen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg , Germany
| | - N. Neumann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg , Germany
| | - H. Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg , Germany
| | - D. Russ
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, University of Ulm, Ulm , Germany
| | - C. Detter
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg , Germany
| | - A. Schlaefer
- Institute of Medical Technology and Intelligent Systems, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg , Germany
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van Dongen NNN, van Doorn JB, Gronau QF, van Ravenzwaaij D, Hoekstra R, Haucke MN, Lakens D, Hennig C, Morey RD, Homer S, Gelman A, Sprenger J, Wagenmakers EJ. Multiple Perspectives on Inference for Two Simple Statistical Scenarios. AM STAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00031305.2019.1565553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnny B. van Doorn
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin F. Gronau
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don van Ravenzwaaij
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rink Hoekstra
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N. Haucke
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Lakens
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hennig
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Saskia Homer
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew Gelman
- Department of Statistics and Department of Political Science, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jan Sprenger
- Department of Philosophy and Education Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Colombo M, Bucher L, Sprenger J. Determinants of Judgments of Explanatory Power: Credibility, Generality, and Statistical Relevance. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1430. [PMID: 28928679 PMCID: PMC5591454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Explanation is a central concept in human psychology. Drawing upon philosophical theories of explanation, psychologists have recently begun to examine the relationship between explanation, probability and causality. Our study advances this growing literature at the intersection of psychology and philosophy of science by systematically investigating how judgments of explanatory power are affected by (i) the prior credibility of an explanatory hypothesis, (ii) the causal framing of the hypothesis, (iii) the perceived generalizability of the explanation, and (iv) the relation of statistical relevance between hypothesis and evidence. Collectively, the results of our five experiments support the hypothesis that the prior credibility of a causal explanation plays a central role in explanatory reasoning: first, because of the presence of strong main effects on judgments of explanatory power, and second, because of the gate-keeping role it has for other factors. Highly credible explanations are not susceptible to causal framing effects, but they are sensitive to the effects of normatively relevant factors: the generalizability of an explanation, and its statistical relevance for the evidence. These results advance current literature in the philosophy and psychology of explanation in three ways. First, they yield a more nuanced understanding of the determinants of judgments of explanatory power, and the interaction between these factors. Second, they show the close relationship between prior beliefs and explanatory power. Third, they elucidate the nature of abductive reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Colombo
- Tilburg Center for Logic, Ethics and Philosophy of Science, Tilburg UniversityTilburg, Netherlands
| | - Leandra Bucher
- General and Biological Psychology, University of WuppertalWuppertal, Germany
| | - Jan Sprenger
- Tilburg Center for Logic, Ethics and Philosophy of Science, Tilburg UniversityTilburg, Netherlands
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Sprenger J. The probabilistic no miracles argument. Eur J Philos Sci 2015; 6:173-189. [PMID: 27512523 PMCID: PMC4959126 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-015-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper develops a probabilistic reconstruction of the No Miracles Argument (NMA) in the debate between scientific realists and anti-realists. The goal of the paper is to clarify and to sharpen the NMA by means of a probabilistic formalization. In particular, I demonstrate that the persuasive force of the NMA depends on the particular disciplinary context where it is applied, and the stability of theories in that discipline. Assessments and critiques of "the" NMA, without reference to a particular context, are misleading and should be relinquished. This result has repercussions for recent anti-realist arguments, such as the claim that the NMA commits the base rate fallacy (Howson (2000), Magnus and Callender (Philosophy of Science, 71:320-338, 2004)). It also helps to explain the persistent disagreement between realists and anti-realists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sprenger
- Tilburg Center for Logic, Ethics and Philosophy of Science (TiLPS), Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
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De Langhe R, Hartmann S, Sprenger J. Introduction: The progress of science. Stud Hist Philos Sci 2014; 46:54. [PMID: 25051871 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Gerstner T, Sprenger J, Schaible T, Weiss C, Koenig S. [Maturation of the autonomic nervous system: differences in heart rate variability at different gestational weeks]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2010; 214:11-4. [PMID: 20148384 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1225642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Heart rate variability (HRV) reveals information on the functional state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This study was initiated to assess the physiological and maturational development of the ANS by comparing HRV data of a large number healthy foetus of different gestational ages from the 24(th) to the 42(nd) week. METHODS Cardiotocogram (CTG) recordings of HRV of 172 healthy foetus (24-42 weeks' gestation) were performed to establish normative data. Frequency domain HRV parameters were computed in three frequency bands. RESULTS The gestational ages of the foetuses correlate with HRV. Lower gestational age in weeks showed lower frequency domain parameters than higher gestational age in weeks. The most significant differences were discerned for HRV parameters reflecting sympathetic activity in LF (low frequency) and VLF (very low frequency), due to the adrenergic system. CONCLUSIONS Maturation of the ANS is accompanied by increasing HRV with a pronounced increase of sympathetic activity. These changes are measurable by CTG recordings with a computer algorithm which can calculate short-term variability on the basis of CTG data. Problems of the CTG signal, as shown before, were the parameters of the time domain, which could only be well detected by ECG or foetal magnetocardiography (FMCG).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gerstner
- Universitätskinderklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
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Melzer RR, Sprenger J, Nicastro D, Smola U. Larva-adult relationships in an ancestral dipteran: A re-examination of sensillar pathways across the antenna and leg anlagen of Chaoborus crystallinus (DeGeer, 1776; Chaoboridae). Dev Genes Evol 1999; 209:103-12. [PMID: 10022953 DOI: 10.1007/s004270050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In one of his classical studies on insect metamorphosis, Weismann compared the imaginal anlagen of the ancestral phantom midge, Chaoborus, with those of advanced brachycerans. We have expanded his findings on the relationships between larval and imaginal organs using electron microscopy and cobalt backfilling of the antenna and leg anlagen and the axonal trajectories of corresponding larval sensilla. We show that both primordia are confluent with the larval antennae and "leg" sensilla (an ancestral Keilin organ), respectively. These fully developed larval organs represent the distal tips of the imaginal anlagen rather than separate cell clusters. The axons of the larval antenna and leg sensilla project across the corresponding anlagen to their target neuromeres within the central nervous system (CNS). Within the discs, nerves composed of these larval axons, developing afferent fibres and efferences ascending from the CNS are found. Both the structure of the primordia and the axonal trajectories thus relate the situation found in advanced brachycerans with that seen in more ancestral insects. In addition, the larval antennae, legs, wings and even the eyes possess very similar afferent pioneer trajectories supporting the idea that the described pattern is generally used in the ontogeny of sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Melzer
- Zoologisches Institut der Universität, Luisenstrasse 14, München, Germany
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Sprenger J, Hardeland R, Fuhrberg B, Han SZ. Melatonin and Other 5-Methoxylated lndoles in Yeast: Presence in High Concentrations and Dependence on Tryptophan Availability. CYTOLOGIA 1999. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.64.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sprenger
- Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Universität Göttingen
| | - R. Hardeland
- Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Universität Göttingen
| | - B. Fuhrberg
- Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Universität Göttingen
| | - S.-Z. Han
- Department of Biology, Hallym University
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