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Bisht V, Rawat JM, Gaira KS, Purohit S, Anand J, Sinha S, Mitra D, Ataya FS, Elgazzar AM, El-Saber Batiha G, Rawat B. Assessment of genetic homogeneity of in-vitro propagated apple root stock MM 104 using ISSR and SCoT primers. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:240. [PMID: 38570817 PMCID: PMC10988950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Apple is an important fruit crop that is always in demand due to its commercial and nutraceutical value. Also, the requirement for quality planting material for this fruit crop for new plantations is increasing continuously. In-vitro propagation is an alternative approach, which may help to produce genetically identical high grade planting material. In this study, for the first time, an efficient and reproducible propagation protocol has been established for apple root stock MM 104 via axillary bud. Culturing axillary buds on Murashige and Skoog apple rootstock (MM 104) resulted in better in-vitro propagation. (MS) basal medium supplemented with 3.0% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The axillary buds were established in MS basal medium with BA (5.0 µM), NAA (1.0 µM) and further used to establish invitro propagation protocol. Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs), BA (1.0 µM) in combination with NAA (1.0 µM) was found most efficient for shoot multiplication (100%) and produced 9.8 shoots/explants with an average shoot length of (2.4 ± cm). All the shoots produced roots in 0.1 µM IBA with a 5-day dark period. Acclimatization of in-vitro raised plantlets was obtained with vermiculite: perlite: sand: soil (2:2:1:1) resulting in 76% survival under field conditions. The study showed that the use of axillary bud is efficient for multiple-shoot production of apple rootstock (MM 104). This is the first comprehensive report on in-vitro growth of apple root stock MM 104 with an assessment of genetic stability using DNA fingerprinting profiles based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT). The genetic stability of in-vitro-produced plants, as determined by SCoT and ISSR primers, demonstrated genetic closeness to the mother plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Bisht
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmla, Almora, 263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kailash Singh Gaira
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok, 737 101, Sikkim, India
| | - Sumit Purohit
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Haldi, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jigisha Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Somya Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Farid S Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Elgazzar
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Balwant Rawat
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India.
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Roy R, Samanta S, Pandit S, Naaz T, Banerjee S, Rawat JM, Chaubey KK, Saha RP. An Overview of Bacteria-Mediated Heavy Metal Bioremediation Strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1712-1751. [PMID: 37410353 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Contamination-free groundwater is considered a good source of potable water. Even in the twenty-first century, over 90 percent of the population is reliant on groundwater resources for their lives. Groundwater influences the economical state, industrial development, ecological system, and agricultural and global health conditions worldwide. However, different natural and artificial processes are gradually polluting groundwater and drinking water systems throughout the world. Toxic metalloids are one of the major sources that pollute the water system. In this review work, we have collected and analyzed information on metal-resistant bacteria along with their genetic information and remediation mechanisms of twenty different metal ions [arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), palladium (Pd), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), antimony (Sb), gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), and uranium (U)]. We have surveyed the scientific information available on bacteria-mediated bioremediation of various metals and presented the data with responsible genes and proteins that contribute to bioremediation, bioaccumulation, and biosorption mechanisms. Knowledge of the genes responsible and self-defense mechanisms of diverse metal-resistance bacteria would help us to engineer processes involving multi-metal-resistant bacteria that may reduce metal toxicity in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India.
| | - Saikat Samanta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Tahseena Naaz
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Srijoni Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Rudra P Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India.
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Ghildiyal T, Rai N, Mishra Rawat J, Singh M, Anand J, Pant G, Kumar G, Shidiki A. Challenges in Emerging Vaccines and Future Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:9125398. [PMID: 38304142 PMCID: PMC10834093 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus has evolved into variants with varied infectivity. Vaccines developed against COVID-19 infection have boosted immunity, but there is still uncertainty on how long the immunity from natural infection or vaccination will last. The present study attempts to outline the present level of information about the contagiousness and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and variants of concern (VOCs). The keywords like COVID-19 vaccine types, VOCs, universal vaccines, bivalent, and other relevant terms were searched in NCBI, Science Direct, and WHO databases to review the published literature. The review provides an integrative discussion on the current state of knowledge on the type of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2, the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines concerning the VOCs, and prospects of novel universal, chimeric, and bivalent mRNA vaccines efficacy to fend off existing variants and other emerging coronaviruses. Genomic variation can be quite significant, as seen by the notable differences in impact, transmission rate, morbidity, and death during several human coronavirus outbreaks. Therefore, understanding the amount and characteristics of coronavirus genetic diversity in historical and contemporary strains can help researchers get an edge over upcoming variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Ghildiyal
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Maargavi Singh
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jigisha Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Pant
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Singh S, Upadhyay S, Rani A, Sharma PK, Rawat JM, Rawat B, Prashant, Bhattacharya P. Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating septage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18703. [PMID: 37907513 PMCID: PMC10618516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Septage refers to the semi-liquid waste material that accumulates in septic tanks and other onsite sanitation systems. It is composed of a complex mixture of human excreta, wastewater, and various solid particles. Septage is a potential source of water pollution owing to presence of high organic content, significant pathogen concentrations, and a range of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The harmful impacts of septage pollution poses significant risks to public health through the contamination of drinking water sources, eutrophication of water bodies and spread of water borne diseases. Conventional septage treatment technologies often face limitations such as high operational costs, energy requirements, and the need for extensive infrastructure. Therefore, with an aim to treat septage through an alternative cost effective and energy-efficient technology, a laboratory-scale constructed wetland (CW) system (0.99 m2) consisting of a sludge drying bed and a vertical flow wetland bed was utilized for the treatment of septage. The sludge drying bed and vertical flow beds were connected in series and filled with a combination of gravel with varying sizes (ranging from 5 to 40 mm) and washed sand. Canna indica plants were cultivated on both beds to facilitate phytoremediation process. The system was operated with intermittent dosing of 30 Ltrs of septage every day for 2 months. The HRT of the system was fixed at 48 h. The average inlet loads of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured as 150 ± 65.7 g m-2 day-1, 713 ± 443.9 g m-2 day-1, and 309 ± 66.3 g m-2 day-1, respectively. After treatment, the final effluent had an average load of 6 g m-2 day-1 for BOD5, 15 g m-2 day-1 for COD, and 51 g m-2 day-1 for TSS, indicating that the CW system achieved an average removal efficiency of 88% for BOD, 87% for COD, and 65% for TSS. The average load of total coliforms and helminthes eggs in the influent was recorded as 4 × 108 Colony-Forming Units (CFU) m-2 day-1 and 3 × 107 eggs m-2 day-1, respectively. However, the CW system demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing microbial contamination, with an average removal efficiency of 99% for both total coliforms and helminthes eggs. The vertical flow constructed wetland system, equipped with pretreatment by sludge drying bed, has proven to be efficient in treatment of septage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sweta Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anju Rani
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Balwant Rawat
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prashant
- Department Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
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Rambia A, Veluchamy C, Rawat JM, Jamdhade MD, Purohit S, Pawar KD, Rajasekaran C, Rawat B, Sharma A. Revealing bacterial and fungal communities of the untapped forest and alpine grassland zones of the Western-Himalayan region. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00430-5. [PMID: 37707718 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The Western Himalayas offer diverse environments for investigating the diversity and distribution of microbial communities and their response to both the abiotic and biotic factors across the entire altitudinal gradient. Such investigations contribute significantly to our understanding of the complex ecological processes that shape microbial diversity. The proposed study focuses on the investigation of the bacterial and fungal communities in the forest and alpine grasslands of the Western Himalayan region, as well as their relationship with the physicochemical parameters of soil. A total of 185 isolates were obtained using the culture-based technique belonging to Bacillus (37%), Micrococcus (16%), and Staphylococcus (7%). Targeted metagenomics revealed the abundance of bacterial phyla Pseudomonadota (23%) followed by Acidobacteriota (20.2%), Chloroflexota (15%), and Bacillota (11.3%). At the genera level, CandidatusUdaeobacter (6%), Subgroup_2 (5.5%) of phylum Acidobacteriota, and uncultured Ktedonobacterales HSB_OF53-F07 (5.2%) of Choloroflexota phylum were found to be preponderant. Mycobiome predominantly comprised of phyla Ascomycota (54.1%), Basidiomycota (24%), and Mortierellomycota (19.1%) with Archaeorhizomyces (19.1%), Mortierella (19.1%), and Russula (5.4%) being the most abundant genera. Spearman's correlation revealed that the bacterial community was most influenced by total nitrogen in the soil followed by soil organic carbon as compared to other soil physicochemical factors. The study establishes a fundamental relationship between microbial communities and the physicochemical properties of soil. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors that influence the microbial community composition of this unique region across various elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Rambia
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | | | - Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahendra D Jamdhade
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sumit Purohit
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Biotech Bhawan, Haldi, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kiran D Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | | | - Balwant Rawat
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Avinash Sharma
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India.
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Rawat JM, Pandey S, Rawat B, Purohit S, Anand J, Negi AS, Thakur A, Mahmoud MH, El-Gazzar AM, El-Saber Batiha G. In vitro production of steroidal saponin, total phenols and antioxidant activity in callus suspension culture of Paris polyphylla Smith: an important Himalayan medicinal plant. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1225612. [PMID: 37662142 PMCID: PMC10470836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Paris polyphylla Smith (Melanthiaceae) family, which is native to the Himalayan region, has received a lot of attention recently due to its extensive history of usage in traditional medicine. The production of steroidal saponin from callus suspension cultures of P. polyphylla was observed in the current study. The current study attempted to develop a P. polyphylla plant callus suspension culture through optimization of cultivation technique for callus suspension, quantification of total phenolic components and estimation of the extract's antioxidant activity. A light-yellow callus was formed within six weeks of cultivating rhizomes on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with Thidiazuron (TDZ). Furthermore, the effect of TDZ, Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA), and Yeast Extract (YE) on callus growth, steroidal saponin (dioscin and diosgenin), total phenolic content, total flavonoids, total tannin, and total antioxidant activity was also measured. The medium containing 0.5 μM TDZ depicted the maximum callus biomass (2.98 g fresh weight). Significantly high phenolic and tannin content was observed in the MS medium containing 50 μM MeJA, whereas, no significant increase was observed in total tannin production in any treatment. Three in vitro assays, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid)) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) and FC (Folin-Ciocalteu), were used to assess antioxidant potential of callus. Maximum antioxidant analysis reported in 1.0 μM TDZ (6.89 mM AAE/100 g) containing medium followed by 50 μM MeJA (6.44 mM AAE/100 g). The HPLC analysis showed a high presence of dioscin and diosgenin (5.43% and 21.09%, respectively) compared to the wild sample (2.56% and 15.05%, respectively). According to the results, callus produced on media supplemented with 50 μM MeJA have significant phenolic contents and elevated antioxidant activity; nevertheless, callus growth was greater in the presence of 0.5 μM TDZ. The findings of the current study have commercial implications since greater biomass production will result in active phytochemicals that the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors are in need desperately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shweta Pandey
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Balwant Rawat
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumit Purohit
- Department of Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Biotechnology Council, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jigisha Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind S. Negi
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Thakur
- Genetics and Tree Propagation Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Rawat JM, Pandey S, Debbarma P, Rawat B. Preparation of Alcoholic Beverages by Tribal Communities in the Indian Himalayan Region: A Review on Traditional and Ethnic Consideration. Front Sustain Food Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.672411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is the center of the diverse food culture comprising fermented and non-fermented ethnic foods and alcoholic beverages. Diverse tribal communities in IHR (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Laddakh, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura) have been long known for their rich culture and food habits. Having strong ritual importance among the ethnic people of the IHR, alcoholic beverages are being consumed in various cultural, social, and religious events for ages. Consumption of in-house prepared alcoholic beverage is the socio-cultural tradition in India as well as across the globe. The processes and ingredients involved in alcoholic beverage preparations vary with raw material availability in different regions. The majority of the fermented drinks are cereal-based with a significant proportion of various plants and fruits as the main raw material, making a beverage more unique in taste. Some plant ingredients used for traditional alcoholic beverages have potential nutraceutical as well as therapeutic properties that are well documented. These properties could constitute an additional economic value for traditional alcoholic beverages commercialization, which, in turn, could promote the local rural economy. Until now, such beverages have only received marginal attention by ethnobotanists and few studies concern traditional fermented beverages in the IHR. In this view, the current review focused on preparation, diversity, cultural, and economic significance and health benefits of ethnic beverages used by tribal communities in the IHR.
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Rawat JM, Rawat B, Mishra S, Bhandari A, Agnihotri RK, Chandra A. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Influence of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, acitosyringone, inoculum size and temperature on production of active ingredients from Picrorhiza kurrooa. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2016; 22:423. [PMID: 27729729 PMCID: PMC5039148 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, -248006 India
- Society for the Conservation of Nature, Parnkuti Anantpur, University Road, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486 002 India
| | - Balwant Rawat
- Society for the Conservation of Nature, Parnkuti Anantpur, University Road, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486 002 India
- Forest Ecology and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 006 India
| | - Susmita Mishra
- Society for the Conservation of Nature, Parnkuti Anantpur, University Road, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486 002 India
| | - Aakriti Bhandari
- Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, -248006 India
| | | | - Anup Chandra
- Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, -248006 India
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Rawat JM, Rawat B, Mehrotra S. Plant regeneration, genetic fidelity, and active ingredient content of encapsulated hairy roots of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:961-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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