1
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Espín S, Andersson T, Haapoja M, Hyvönen R, Kluen E, Kolunen H, Laaksonen T, Lakka J, Leino L, Merimaa K, Nurmi J, Rainio M, Ruuskanen S, Rönkä K, Sánchez-Virosta P, Suhonen J, Suorsa P, Eeva T. Fecal calcium levels of bird nestlings as a potential indicator of species-specific metal sensitivity. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123181. [PMID: 38237850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sensitivity of bird species to environmental metal pollution varies but there is currently no general framework to predict species-specific sensitivity. Such information would be valuable from a conservation point-of-view. Calcium (Ca) has antagonistic effects on metal toxicity and studies with some common model species show that low dietary and circulating calcium (Ca) levels indicate higher sensitivity to harmful effects of toxic metals. Here we measured fecal Ca and five other macroelement (potassium K, magnesium Mg, sodium Na, phosphorus P, sulphur S) concentrations as proxies for dietary levels in 66 bird species to better understand their interspecific variation and potential use as an indicator of metal sensitivity in a wider range of species (the main analyses include 39 species). We found marked interspecific differences in fecal Ca concentration, which correlated positively with Mg and negatively with Na, P and S levels. Lowest Ca concentrations were found in insectivorous species and especially aerial foragers, such as swifts (Apodidae) and swallows (Hirundinidae). Instead, ground foraging species like starlings (Sturnidae), sparrows (Passeridae), cranes (Gruidae) and larks (Alaudidae) showed relatively high fecal Ca levels. Independent of phylogeny, insectivorous diet and aerial foraging seem to indicate low Ca levels and potential sensitivity to toxic metals. Our results, together with information published on fecal Ca levels and toxic metal impacts, suggest that fecal Ca levels are a promising new tool to evaluate potential metal-sensitivity of birds, and we encourage gathering such information in other bird species. Information on the effects of metals on breeding parameters in a wider range of bird species would also help in ranking species by their sensitivity to metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - T Andersson
- Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - E Kluen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - T Laaksonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - L Leino
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - K Merimaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - J Nurmi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - M Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - S Ruuskanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K Rönkä
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Sánchez-Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - J Suhonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - T Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland.
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2
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Stukel M, Hariasz L, Di Stefano PCF, Rasco BC, Rykaczewski KP, Brewer NT, Stracener DW, Liu Y, Gai Z, Rouleau C, Carter J, Kostensalo J, Suhonen J, Davis H, Lukosi ED, Goetz KC, Grzywacz RK, Mancuso M, Petricca F, Fijałkowska A, Wolińska-Cichocka M, Ninkovic J, Lechner P, Ickert RB, Morgan LE, Renne PR, Yavin I. Rare ^{40}K Decay with Implications for Fundamental Physics and Geochronology. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:052503. [PMID: 37595241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.052503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-40 is a widespread, naturally occurring isotope whose radioactivity impacts subatomic rare-event searches, nuclear structure theory, and estimated geological ages. A predicted electron-capture decay directly to the ground state of argon-40 has never been observed. The KDK (potassium decay) collaboration reports strong evidence of this rare decay mode. A blinded analysis reveals a nonzero ratio of intensities of ground-state electron-captures (I_{EC^{0}}) over excited-state ones (I_{EC^{*}}) of I_{EC^{0}}/I_{EC^{*}}=0.0095±[over stat]0.0022±[over sys]0.0010 (68% C.L.), with the null hypothesis rejected at 4σ. In terms of branching ratio, this signal yields I_{EC^{0}}=0.098%±[over stat]0.023%±[over sys]0.010%, roughly half of the commonly used prediction, with consequences for various fields [27L. Hariasz et al., companion paper, Phys. Rev. C 108, 014327 (2023)PRVCAN2469-998510.1103/PhysRevC.108.014327].
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stukel
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Hariasz
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - B C Rasco
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K P Rykaczewski
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N T Brewer
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Physics and Application, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D W Stracener
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Z Gai
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Carter
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, California 94709, USA
| | - J Kostensalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu FI-80100, Finland
| | - J Suhonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - H Davis
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - E D Lukosi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K C Goetz
- Nuclear and Extreme Environments Measurement Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R K Grzywacz
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Physics and Application, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Mancuso
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich D-80805, Germany
| | - F Petricca
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich D-80805, Germany
| | - A Fijałkowska
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
| | - M Wolińska-Cichocka
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Physics and Application, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
| | - J Ninkovic
- MPG Semiconductor Laboratory, Munich D-80805, Germany
| | - P Lechner
- MPG Semiconductor Laboratory, Munich D-80805, Germany
| | - R B Ickert
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Illinois 47907, USA
| | - L E Morgan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA
| | - P R Renne
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, California 94709, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Yavin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Physics and Application, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, California 94709, USA
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu FI-80100, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Nuclear and Extreme Environments Measurement Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich D-80805, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
- MPG Semiconductor Laboratory, Munich D-80805, Germany
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Illinois 47907, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Leder AF, Mayer D, Ouellet JL, Danevich FA, Dumoulin L, Giuliani A, Kostensalo J, Kotila J, de Marcillac P, Nones C, Novati V, Olivieri E, Poda D, Suhonen J, Tretyak VI, Winslow L, Zolotarova A. Determining g_{A}/g_{V} with High-Resolution Spectral Measurements Using a LiInSe_{2} Bolometer. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:232502. [PMID: 36563213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) processes sample a wide range of intermediate forbidden nuclear transitions, which may be impacted by quenching of the axial vector coupling constant (g_{A}/g_{V}), the uncertainty of which plays a pivotal role in determining the sensitivity reach of 0νββ experiments. In this Letter, we present measurements performed on a high-resolution LiInSe_{2} bolometer in a "source=detector" configuration to measure the spectral shape of the fourfold forbidden β decay of ^{115}In. The value of g_{A}/g_{V} is determined by comparing the spectral shape of theoretical predictions to the experimental β spectrum taking into account various simulated background components as well as a variety of detector effects. We find evidence of quenching of g_{A}/g_{V} at >5σ with a model-dependent quenching factor of 0.655±0.002 as compared to the free-nucleon value for the interacting shell model. We also measured the ^{115}In half-life to be [5.18±0.06(stat)_{-0.015}^{+0.005}(sys)]×10^{14} yr within the interacting shell model framework. This Letter demonstrates the power of the bolometeric technique to perform precision nuclear physics single-β decay measurements, which along with improved nuclear modeling can help reduce the uncertainties in the calculation of several decay nuclear matrix elements including those used in 0νββ sensitivity calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Leder
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2521 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, California 94709, USA
| | - D Mayer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J L Ouellet
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F A Danevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - L Dumoulin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Giuliani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Kostensalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Yliopistokatu 6B, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - J Kotila
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Educational Research, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8120, USA
| | - P de Marcillac
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Nones
- Commissariat á l'Énergie Atomique (CEA)-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - V Novati
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E Olivieri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Poda
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Suhonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - V I Tretyak
- Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - L Winslow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Zolotarova
- Commissariat á l'Énergie Atomique (CEA)-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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4
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Agbo FJ, Oyelere SS, Suhonen J, Tukiainen M. Design, development, and evaluation of a virtual reality game-based application to support computational thinking. Educ Technol Res Dev 2022; 71:505-537. [PMID: 36320828 PMCID: PMC9607772 DOI: 10.1007/s11423-022-10161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Computational thinking (CT) has become an essential skill nowadays. For young students, CT competency is required to prepare them for future jobs. This competency can facilitate students' understanding of programming knowledge which has been a challenge for many novices pursuing a computer science degree. This study focuses on designing and implementing a virtual reality (VR) game-based application (iThinkSmart) to support CT knowledge. The study followed the design science research methodology to design, implement, and evaluate the first prototype of the VR application. An initial evaluation of the prototype was conducted with 47 computer science students from a Nigerian university who voluntarily participated in an experimental process. To determine what works and what needs to be improved in the iThinkSmart VR game-based application, two groups were randomly formed, consisting of the experimental (n = 21) and the control (n = 26) groups respectively. Our findings suggest that VR increases motivation and therefore increase students' CT skills, which contribute to knowledge regarding the affordances of VR in education and particularly provide evidence on the use of visualization of CT concepts to facilitate programming education. Furthermore, the study revealed that immersion, interaction, and engagement in a VR educational application can promote students' CT competency in higher education institutions (HEI). In addition, it was shown that students who played the iThinkSmart VR game-based application gained higher cognitive benefits, increased interest and attitude to learning CT concepts. Although further investigation is required in order to gain more insights into students learning process, this study made significant contributions in positioning CT in the HEI context and provides empirical evidence regarding the use of educational VR mini games to support students learning achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday Joseph Agbo
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, N80101 Joensuu, Finland
- School of Computing and Data Science, Willamette University, Salem, OR 97301 USA
| | - Solomon Sunday Oyelere
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Suhonen
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, N80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markku Tukiainen
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, N80101 Joensuu, Finland
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5
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Suhonen J, Sutinen E. Critical events and pivotal factors as tools for analyzing the sustainability of online study programs. Educ Technol Res Dev 2022; 70:1551-1573. [PMID: 36212112 PMCID: PMC9524318 DOI: 10.1007/s11423-022-10133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical aspect of designing and running online study programs is the identification of factors and elements that could potentially threaten the continuation of studies. In this study, we first identified a set of critical events that occurred in the running of a Finnish online doctoral study program over 16 years. Next, we analyzed the events using a four-pillar sustainability model, which consisted of the economic, social, environmental, and ethical pillars. We detected several contextually relevant and dynamic pivotal factors related to each of the pillars, which had effects on the sustainability of the program at the time of the critical events. The analysis revealed that positive pivotal factors in one sustainability pillar can be used to compensate for negative pivotal factors in the other pillars. Two aspects that were crucial for the sustainability of the online doctoral study program were the resilience and shared commitment of the community involved in its activities, which helped in overcoming any challenges encountered. Based on this study, we recommended that future research should design novel solutions that help online study programs to proactively identify potential critical events and related pivotal factors. Furthermore, studies should find creative approaches for constructively coping with critical events that have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Suhonen
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus Yliopistokatu 2, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Erkki Sutinen
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Ge Z, Eronen T, Tyrin KS, Kotila J, Kostensalo J, Nesterenko DA, Beliuskina O, de Groote R, de Roubin A, Geldhof S, Gins W, Hukkanen M, Jokinen A, Kankainen A, Koszorús Á, Krivoruchenko MI, Kujanpää S, Moore ID, Raggio A, Rinta-Antila S, Suhonen J, Virtanen V, Weaver AP, Zadvornaya A. ^{159}Dy Electron-Capture: A New Candidate for Neutrino Mass Determination. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:272301. [PMID: 35061421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.272301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ground state to ground state electron-capture Q value of ^{159}Dy (3/2^{-}) has been measured directly using the double Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP. A value of 364.73(19) keV was obtained from a measurement of the cyclotron frequency ratio of the decay parent ^{159}Dy and the decay daughter ^{159}Tb ions using the novel phase-imaging ion-cyclotron resonance technique. The Q values for allowed Gamow-Teller transition to 5/2^{-} and the third-forbidden unique transition to 11/2^{+} state with excitation energies of 363.5449(14) keV and 362.050(40) keV in ^{159}Tb were determined to be 1.18(19) keV and 2.68(19) keV, respectively. The high-precision Q value of transition 3/2^{-}→5/2^{-} from this work, revealing itself as the lowest electron-capture Q value, is used to unambiguously characterize all the possible lines that are present in its electron-capture spectrum. We performed atomic many-body calculations for both transitions to determine electron-capture probabilities from various atomic orbitals and found an order of magnitude enhancement in the event rates near the end point of energy spectrum in the transition to the 5/2^{-} nuclear excited state, which can become very interesting once the experimental challenges of identifying decays into excited states are overcome. The transition to the 11/2^{+} state is strongly suppressed and found unsuitable for measuring the neutrino mass. These results show that the electron-capture in the ^{159}Dy atom, going to the 5/2^{-} state of the ^{159}Tb nucleus, is a new candidate that may open the way to determine the electron-neutrino mass in the sub-eV region by studying electron-capture. Further experimental feasibility studies, including coincidence measurements with realistic detectors, will be of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ge
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Eronen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K S Tyrin
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Ploschad' Akademika Kurchatova 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Kotila
- Finnish Institute for Educational Research, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Physics Laboratory Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8120, USA
| | - J Kostensalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D A Nesterenko
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - O Beliuskina
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R de Groote
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A de Roubin
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3-Université de Bordeaux, 19 Chemin du Solarium, CS 10120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - S Geldhof
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - W Gins
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Hukkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3-Université de Bordeaux, 19 Chemin du Solarium, CS 10120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - A Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Kankainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Á Koszorús
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M I Krivoruchenko
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Ploschad' Akademika Kurchatova 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC "Kurchatov Institute," B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Kujanpää
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - I D Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Raggio
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Rinta-Antila
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Suhonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - V Virtanen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A P Weaver
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4JG, United Kingdom
| | - A Zadvornaya
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Agbo FJ, Oyelere SS, Suhonen J, Laine TH. Co-design of mini games for learning computational thinking in an online environment. Educ Inf Technol (Dordr) 2021; 26:5815-5849. [PMID: 33967590 PMCID: PMC8097249 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-021-10515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the principles of computational thinking (CT), e.g., problem abstraction, decomposition, and recursion, is vital for computer science (CS) students. Unfortunately, these concepts can be difficult for novice students to understand. One way students can develop CT skills is to involve them in the design of an application to teach CT. This study focuses on co-designing mini games to support teaching and learning CT principles and concepts in an online environment. Online co-design (OCD) of mini games enhances students' understanding of problem-solving through a rigorous process of designing contextual educational games to aid their own learning. Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, where face-to-face co-designing between researchers and stakeholders could be difficult, OCD is a suitable option. CS students in a Nigerian higher education institution were recruited to co-design mini games with researchers. Mixed research methods comprising qualitative and quantitative strategies were employed in this study. Findings show that the participants gained relevant knowledge, for example, how to (i) create game scenarios and game elements related to CT, (ii) connect contextual storyline to mini games, (iii) collaborate in a group to create contextual low-fidelity mini game prototypes, and (iv) peer review each other's mini game concepts. In addition, students were motivated toward designing educational mini games in their future studies. This study also demonstrates how to conduct OCD with students, presents lesson learned, and provides recommendations based on the authors' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday Joseph Agbo
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Solomon Sunday Oyelere
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-93177 Skellefteå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Suhonen
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Teemu H. Laine
- Department of Digital Media, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Agbo FJ, Oyelere SS, Suhonen J, Tukiainen M. Scientific production and thematic breakthroughs in smart learning environments: a bibliometric analysis. Smart Learn. Environ. 2021; 8:1. [PMCID: PMC7810194 DOI: 10.1186/s40561-020-00145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the research landscape of smart learning environments by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the field over the years. The study focused on the research trends, scholar’s productivity, and thematic focus of scientific publications in the field of smart learning environments. A total of 1081 data consisting of peer-reviewed articles were retrieved from the Scopus database. A bibliometric approach was applied to analyse the data for a comprehensive overview of the trend, thematic focus, and scientific production in the field of smart learning environments. The result from this bibliometric analysis indicates that the first paper on smart learning environments was published in 2002; implying the beginning of the field. Among other sources, “Computers & Education,” “Smart Learning Environments,” and “Computers in Human Behaviour” are the most relevant outlets publishing articles associated with smart learning environments. The work of Kinshuk et al., published in 2016, stands out as the most cited work among the analysed documents. The United States has the highest number of scientific productions and remained the most relevant country in the smart learning environment field. Besides, the results also showed names of prolific scholars and most relevant institutions in the field. Keywords such as “learning analytics,” “adaptive learning,” “personalized learning,” “blockchain,” and “deep learning” remain the trending keywords. Furthermore, thematic analysis shows that “digital storytelling” and its associated components such as “virtual reality,” “critical thinking,” and “serious games” are the emerging themes of the smart learning environments but need to be further developed to establish more ties with “smart learning”. The study provides useful contribution to the field by clearly presenting a comprehensive overview and research hotspots, thematic focus, and future direction of the field. These findings can guide scholars, especially the young ones in field of smart learning environments in defining their research focus and what aspect of smart leaning can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday Joseph Agbo
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Solomon Sunday Oyelere
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Suhonen
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markku Tukiainen
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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9
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Al Kharusi S, Anton G, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Belov V, Bhatta T, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Cao GF, Cen WR, Chambers C, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Daniels T, Darroch L, Daugherty SJ, Davis J, Delaquis S, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Dilling J, Dolgolenko A, Dolinski MJ, Echevers J, Fairbank W, Fairbank D, Farine J, Feyzbakhsh S, Fierlinger P, Fudenberg D, Gautam P, Gornea R, Gratta G, Hall C, Hansen EV, Hoessl J, Hufschmidt P, Hughes M, Iverson A, Jamil A, Jessiman C, Jewell MJ, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Kostensalo J, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Lan Y, Larson A, Lenardo BG, Leonard DS, Li GS, Li S, Li Z, Licciardi C, Lin YH, MacLellan R, McElroy T, Michel T, Mong B, Moore DC, Murray K, Nakarmi P, Njoya O, Nusair O, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, Piepke A, Pocar A, Retière F, Robinson AL, Rowson PC, Ruddell D, Runge J, Schmidt S, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Soma AK, Stekhanov V, Suhonen J, Tarka M, Thibado S, Todd J, Tolba T, Totev TI, Tsang R, Veenstra B, Veeraraghavan V, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Watkins J, Weber M, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wrede G, Wu SX, Xia Q, Yahne DR, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY, Ziegler T. Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the β-Decay of ^{137}Xe to the Ground State of ^{137}Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:232502. [PMID: 32603173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a comparison between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured spectra of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay transition ^{137}Xe(7/2^{-})→^{137}Cs(7/2^{+}). The experimental data were acquired by the EXO-200 experiment during a deployment of an AmBe neutron source. The ultralow background environment of EXO-200, together with dedicated source deployment and analysis procedures, allowed for collection of a pure sample of the decays, with an estimated signal to background ratio of more than 99 to 1 in the energy range from 1075 to 4175 keV. In addition to providing a rare and accurate measurement of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay shape, this work constitutes a novel test of the calculated electron spectral shapes in the context of the reactor antineutrino anomaly and spectral bump.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al Kharusi
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - I Badhrees
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Beck
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - V Belov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - T Bhatta
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Breidenbach
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Brunner
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W R Cen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Chambers
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - B Cleveland
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - M Coon
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Craycraft
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Daniels
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - L Darroch
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - S J Daugherty
- Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Davis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Delaquis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - R DeVoe
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Dolgolenko
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - M J Dolinski
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Echevers
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - W Fairbank
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - D Fairbank
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J Farine
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S Feyzbakhsh
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - P Fierlinger
- Technische Universität München, Physikdepartment and Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching 80805, Germany
| | - D Fudenberg
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Gautam
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R Gornea
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G Gratta
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Hall
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E V Hansen
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Hoessl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - P Hufschmidt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Iverson
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A Jamil
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Jessiman
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M J Jewell
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Johnson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Karelin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - L J Kaufman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Koffas
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J Kostensalo
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - R Krücken
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Kuchenkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - K S Kumar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Y Lan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Larson
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D S Leonard
- IBS Center for Underground Physics, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - G S Li
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Li
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Z Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Licciardi
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Y H Lin
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R MacLellan
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - T Michel
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - B Mong
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D C Moore
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - K Murray
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - P Nakarmi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - O Njoya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - O Nusair
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Odian
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Ostrovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Piepke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Pocar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - F Retière
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A L Robinson
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - P C Rowson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Ruddell
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S Schmidt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - D Sinclair
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A K Soma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - V Stekhanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - J Suhonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - M Tarka
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S Thibado
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J Todd
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Tolba
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - T I Totev
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R Tsang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - B Veenstra
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - V Veeraraghavan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - P Vogel
- Kellogg Lab, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J-L Vuilleumier
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M Wagenpfeil
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - J Watkins
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M Weber
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - U Wichoski
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - S X Wu
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D R Yahne
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - O Ya Zeldovich
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - T Ziegler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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de Roubin A, Kostensalo J, Eronen T, Canete L, de Groote RP, Jokinen A, Kankainen A, Nesterenko DA, Moore ID, Rinta-Antila S, Suhonen J, Vilén M. High-Precision Q-Value Measurement Confirms the Potential of ^{135}Cs for Absolute Antineutrino Mass Scale Determination. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:222503. [PMID: 32567932 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.222503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ground-state-to-ground-state β-decay Q value of ^{135}Cs(7/2^{+})→^{135}Ba(3/2^{+}) has been directly measured for the first time. The measurement was done utilizing both the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron resonance technique and the time-of-flight ion-cyclotron resonance technique at the JYFLTRAP Penning-trap setup and yielded a mass difference of 268.66(30) keV between ^{135}Cs(7/2^{+}) and ^{135}Ba(3/2^{+}). With this very small uncertainty, this measurement is a factor of 3 more precise than the currently adopted Q value in the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2016. The measurement confirms that the first-forbidden unique β^{-}-decay transition ^{135}Cs(7/2^{+})→^{135}Ba(11/2^{-}) is a candidate for antineutrino mass measurements with an ultralow Q value of 0.44(31) keV. This Q value is almost an order of magnitude smaller than those of nuclides presently used in running or planned direct (anti)neutrino mass experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Roubin
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Kostensalo
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Eronen
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L Canete
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R P de Groote
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Jokinen
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Kankainen
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D A Nesterenko
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - I D Moore
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Rinta-Antila
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Suhonen
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Vilén
- University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Kirsebom OS, Jones S, Strömberg DF, Martínez-Pinedo G, Langanke K, Röpke FK, Brown BA, Eronen T, Fynbo HOU, Hukkanen M, Idini A, Jokinen A, Kankainen A, Kostensalo J, Moore I, Möller H, Ohlmann ST, Penttilä H, Riisager K, Rinta-Antila S, Srivastava PC, Suhonen J, Trzaska WH, Äystö J. Discovery of an Exceptionally Strong β-Decay Transition of ^{20}F and Implications for the Fate of Intermediate-Mass Stars. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:262701. [PMID: 31951442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.262701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A significant fraction of stars between 7 and 11 solar masses are thought to become supernovae, but the explosion mechanism is unclear. The answer depends critically on the rate of electron capture on ^{20}Ne in the degenerate oxygen-neon stellar core. However, because of the unknown strength of the transition between the ground states of ^{20}Ne and ^{20}F, it has not previously been possible to fully constrain the rate. By measuring the transition, we establish that its strength is exceptionally large and that it enhances the capture rate by several orders of magnitude. This has a decisive impact on the evolution of the core, increasing the likelihood that the star is (partially) disrupted by a thermonuclear explosion rather than collapsing to form a neutron star. Importantly, our measurement resolves the last remaining nuclear physics uncertainty in the final evolution of degenerate oxygen-neon stellar cores, allowing future studies to address the critical role of convection, which at present is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Kirsebom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Institute for Big Data Analytics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - S Jones
- Computational Physics (XCP) Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Heidelberger Institut für Theoretische Studien, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D F Strömberg
- Institut für Kernphysik (Theoriezentrum), Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Martínez-Pinedo
- Institut für Kernphysik (Theoriezentrum), Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Langanke
- Institut für Kernphysik (Theoriezentrum), Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F K Röpke
- Heidelberger Institut für Theoretische Studien, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B A Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H O U Fynbo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Hukkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Idini
- Division of Mathematical Physics, Department of Physics, LTH, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Kankainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Kostensalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - I Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Möller
- Institut für Kernphysik (Theoriezentrum), Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S T Ohlmann
- Heidelberger Institut für Theoretische Studien, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Penttilä
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K Riisager
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Rinta-Antila
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - P C Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - J Suhonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - W H Trzaska
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Äystö
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Arnold R, Augier C, Barabash AS, Basharina-Freshville A, Blondel S, Blot S, Bongrand M, Boursette D, Brudanin V, Busto J, Caffrey AJ, Calvez S, Cascella M, Cerna C, Cesar JP, Chapon A, Chauveau E, Chopra A, Dawson L, Duchesneau D, Durand D, Egorov V, Eurin G, Evans JJ, Fajt L, Filosofov D, Flack R, Garrido X, Gómez H, Guillon B, Guzowski P, Hodák R, Huber A, Hubert P, Hugon C, Jullian S, Klimenko A, Kochetov O, Konovalov SI, Kovalenko V, Lalanne D, Lang K, Lemière Y, Le Noblet T, Liptak Z, Liu XR, Loaiza P, Lutter G, Macko M, Macolino C, Mamedov F, Marquet C, Mauger F, Morgan B, Mott J, Nemchenok I, Nomachi M, Nova F, Nowacki F, Ohsumi H, Patrick C, Pahlka RB, Perrot F, Piquemal F, Povinec P, Přidal P, Ramachers YA, Remoto A, Reyss JL, Riddle CL, Rukhadze E, Saakyan R, Salazar R, Sarazin X, Shitov Y, Simard L, Šimkovic F, Smetana A, Smolek K, Smolnikov A, Söldner-Rembold S, Soulé B, Štefánik D, Štekl I, Suhonen J, Sutton CS, Szklarz G, Thomas J, Timkin V, Torre S, Tretyak VI, Tretyak VI, Umatov VI, Vanushin I, Vilela C, Vorobel V, Waters D, Xie F, Žukauskas A. Search for Neutrinoless Quadruple-β Decay of ^{150}Nd with the NEMO-3 Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:041801. [PMID: 29341770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.041801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a first experimental search for lepton number violation by four units in the neutrinoless quadruple-β decay of ^{150}Nd using a total exposure of 0.19 kg yr recorded with the NEMO-3 detector at the Modane Underground Laboratory. We find no evidence of this decay and set lower limits on the half-life in the range T_{1/2}>(1.1-3.2)×10^{21} yr at the 90% C.L., depending on the model used for the kinematic distributions of the emitted electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arnold
- IPHC, ULP, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Augier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A S Barabash
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," ITEP, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S Blondel
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Blot
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Bongrand
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Boursette
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Brudanin
- JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Busto
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - A J Caffrey
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
| | - S Calvez
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - C Cerna
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J P Cesar
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Chapon
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | - E Chauveau
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Chopra
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - L Dawson
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Duchesneau
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D Durand
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | | | - G Eurin
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J J Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Fajt
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - R Flack
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - X Garrido
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Gómez
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - B Guillon
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | - P Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Hodák
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Huber
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - P Hubert
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - C Hugon
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - S Jullian
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | | | - S I Konovalov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," ITEP, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D Lalanne
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - K Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Y Lemière
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | - T Le Noblet
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Liptak
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - X R Liu
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - P Loaiza
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Lutter
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - M Macko
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
- FMFI, Comenius University, SK-842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - C Macolino
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Mamedov
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Marquet
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - F Mauger
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France
| | - B Morgan
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mott
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Nomachi
- Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - F Nova
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - F Nowacki
- IPHC, ULP, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - H Ohsumi
- Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - C Patrick
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R B Pahlka
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - F Perrot
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - F Piquemal
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
- Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, F-73500 Modane, France
| | - P Povinec
- FMFI, Comenius University, SK-842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Přidal
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y A Ramachers
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - A Remoto
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J L Reyss
- LSCE, CNRS, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C L Riddle
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
| | - E Rukhadze
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Saakyan
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Salazar
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - X Sarazin
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yu Shitov
- JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Simard
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - F Šimkovic
- FMFI, Comenius University, SK-842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Smetana
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Smolek
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - B Soulé
- CENBG, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France
| | - D Štefánik
- FMFI, Comenius University, SK-842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Štekl
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Suhonen
- Jyväskylä University, FIN-40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C S Sutton
- MHC, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, USA
| | - G Szklarz
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Thomas
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Torre
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Vl I Tretyak
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - V I Umatov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," ITEP, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Vanushin
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," ITEP, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - C Vilela
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - V Vorobel
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Waters
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - F Xie
- UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Žukauskas
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic
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Alanssari M, Frekers D, Eronen T, Canete L, Dilling J, Haaranen M, Hakala J, Holl M, Ješkovský M, Jokinen A, Kankainen A, Koponen J, Mayer AJ, Moore ID, Nesterenko DA, Pohjalainen I, Povinec P, Reinikainen J, Rinta-Antila S, Srivastava PC, Suhonen J, Thompson RI, Voss A, Wieser ME. Single and Double Beta-Decay Q Values among the Triplet ^{96}Zr, ^{96}Nb, and ^{96}Mo. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:072501. [PMID: 26943530 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The atomic mass relations among the mass triplet ^{96}Zr, ^{96}Nb, and ^{96}Mo have been determined by means of high-precision mass measurements using the JYFLTRAP mass spectrometer at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyväskylä. We report Q values for the ^{96}Zr single and double β decays to ^{96}Nb and ^{96}Mo, as well as the Q value for the ^{96}Nb single β decay to ^{96}Mo, which are Q_{β}(^{96}Zr)=163.96(13), Q_{ββ}(^{96}Zr)=3356.097(86), and Q_{β}(^{96}Nb)=3192.05(16) keV. Of special importance is the ^{96}Zr single β-decay Q value, which has never been determined directly. The single β decay, whose main branch is fourfold unique forbidden, is an alternative decay path to the ^{96}Zr ββ decay, and its observation can provide one of the most direct tests of the neutrinoless ββ-decay nuclear-matrix-element calculations, as these can be simultaneously performed for both decay paths with no further assumptions. The theoretical single β-decay rate has been re-evaluated using a shell-model approach, which indicates a ^{96}Zr single β-decay lifetime within reach of an experimental verification. The uniqueness of the decay also makes such an experiment interesting for an investigation into the origin of the quenching of the axial-vector coupling constant g_{A}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alanssari
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Frekers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Eronen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - L Canete
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Haaranen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - J Hakala
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - M Holl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Ješkovský
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - A Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - A Kankainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - J Koponen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - A J Mayer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - I D Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - D A Nesterenko
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - I Pohjalainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - P Povinec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J Reinikainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - S Rinta-Antila
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - P C Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - J Suhonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A Voss
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - M E Wieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Hongisto K, Väätäinen S, Martikainen J, Hallikainen I, T.Välimäki, Hartikainen S, Suhonen J, Koivisto A. P-072 Self-rated and caregiver-rated quality of life in Alzheimer's disease: 5-year prospective ALSOVA cohort study. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Microblogging, with applications in many domains, including education, is one of the social media technologies with the greatest potential. The features of a microblogging platform vary from sending and receiving messages via the web, SMS, instant messaging clients, and by third party applications. Even though social media networking sites are commonly used in Higher Education, very little empirical evidence is available concerning the impact of social media use on student learning and engagement, albeit some studies on the use of Twitter as a microblogging tool in educational settings Fei Gao, Tian Luo and Ke Zhang (2012). In this study, the authors analyse the level of familiarity, engagement and frequency of use of social media technologies among university-level computer science students in Finland. Additionally, the authors analyse the experience of using a specific microblogging social media, Edmodo, as a learning aid to support group work. The specific focus of the study is to examine the reception of the students towards the Edmodo platform. The data was collected through a social media familiarity questionnaire, Edmodo experience questionnaire and interviews. The main findings are that the cohort was not very familiar with social media at the beginning of the course. However, the use of the Edmodo as a microblogging social media networking sites, as a learning tool had a positive impact on the students. This study provides experimental evidence that microblogging social networking sites and more specifically Edmodo can be used as an educational tool to help engage students more in the use of more social media networking sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarkko Suhonen
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Kaunisto KM, Viitaniemi HM, Leder EH, Suhonen J. Association between host's genetic diversity and parasite burden in damselflies. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1784-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Kaunisto
- Section of Ecology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Zoological Museum; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - H. M. Viitaniemi
- Section of Genetics and Physiology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - E. H. Leder
- Section of Genetics and Physiology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - J. Suhonen
- Section of Ecology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
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Arnold R, Augier C, Baker J, Barabash AS, Basharina-Freshville A, Blondel S, Bongrand M, Broudin-Bay G, Brudanin V, Caffrey AJ, Chapon A, Chauveau E, Durand D, Egorov V, Flack R, Garrido X, Grozier J, Guillon B, Hubert P, Hugon C, Jackson CM, Jullian S, Kauer M, Klimenko A, Kochetov O, Konovalov SI, Kovalenko V, Lalanne D, Lamhamdi T, Lang K, Liptak Z, Lutter G, Mamedov F, Marquet C, Martin-Albo J, Mauger F, Mott J, Nachab A, Nemchenok I, Nguyen CH, Nova F, Novella P, Ohsumi H, Pahlka RB, Perrot F, Piquemal F, Reyss JL, Richards B, Ricol JS, Saakyan R, Sarazin X, Simard L, Simkovic F, Shitov Y, Smolnikov A, Söldner-Rembold S, Stekl I, Suhonen J, Sutton CS, Szklarz G, Thomas J, Timkin V, Torre S, Tretyak VI, Umatov V, Vála L, Vanyushin I, Vasiliev V, Vorobel V, Vylov T, Zukauskas A. Measurement of the ββ decay half-life of 130Te with the NEMO-3 detector. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:062504. [PMID: 21902318 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.062504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report results from the NEMO-3 experiment based on an exposure of 1275 days with 661 g of (130)Te in the form of enriched and natural tellurium foils. The ββ decay rate of (130)Te is found to be greater than zero with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations and the half-life is measured to be T(½)(2ν) = [7.0 ± 0.9(stat) ± 1.1(syst)] × 10(20) yr. This represents the most precise measurement of this half-life yet published and the first real-time observation of this decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arnold
- IPHC-DRS, Université Louis Pasteur, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Wieslander JSE, Suhonen J, Eronen T, Hult M, Elomaa VV, Jokinen A, Marissens G, Misiaszek M, Mustonen MT, Rahaman S, Weber C, Aystö J. Smallest known Q value of any nuclear decay: the rare beta;{-} decay of ;{115}In(9/2;{+}) --> ;{115}Sn(3/2;{+}). Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:122501. [PMID: 19792426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ground-state-to-ground-state Q_{beta;{-}} value of ;{115}In was determined to 497.68(17) keV using a high-precision Penning trap facility at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. From this, a Q_{beta;{-}} value of 0.35(17) keV was obtained for the rare beta;{-} decay to the first excited state of ;{115}Sn at 497.334(22) keV. The partial half-life was determined to 4.1(6) x 10;{20} yr using ultra low-background gamma-ray spectrometry in an underground laboratory. Theoretical modeling of this 2nd-forbidden unique beta;{-} transition was also undertaken and resulted in Q_{beta;{-}} = 57_{-12};{+19} eV using the measured half-life. The discrepancy between theory and experiment could be attributed to atomic effects enhanced by the low Q value. The present study implies that this transition has the lowest Q value of any known nuclear beta decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S E Wieslander
- EC-JRC-IRMM, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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Rahaman S, Elomaa VV, Eronen T, Hakala J, Jokinen A, Kankainen A, Rissanen J, Suhonen J, Weber C, Aystö J. Accurate Q value for the 112Sn double-beta decay and its implication for the search of the neutrino mass. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:042501. [PMID: 19659344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Q value of the ;{112}Sn double-beta decay was determined by using a Penning trap mass spectrometer. The new atomic-mass difference between ;{112}Sn and ;{112}Cd of 1919.82(16) keV is 25 times more precise than the previous value of 1919(4) keV. This result removes the possibility of enhanced resonance capture of the neutrinoless double-EC decay to the excited 0;{+} state at 1871.00(19) keV in ;{112}Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahaman
- Department of Physics, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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20
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Loehr J, Carey J, Hoefs M, Suhonen J, Ylönen H. Horn growth rate and longevity: implications for natural and artificial selection in thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli). J Evol Biol 2007; 20:818-28. [PMID: 17305848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We used horn measurements from natural and hunted mortalities of male thinhorn sheep Ovis dalli from Yukon Territory, Canada, to examine the relationship between rapid growth early in life and longevity. We found that rapid growth was associated with reduced longevity for sheep aged 5 years and older for both the hunted and natural mortality data sets. The negative relationship between growth rate and longevity in hunted sheep can at least partially be explained by morphologically biased hunting regulations. The same trend was evident from natural mortalities from populations that were not hunted or underwent very limited hunting, suggesting a naturally imposed mortality cost directly or indirectly associated with rapid growth. Age and growth rate were both positively associated with horn size at death for both data sets, however of the two growth rate appeared to be a better predictor. Large horn size can be achieved both by individuals that grow horns rapidly and by those that have greater longevity, and the trade-off between growth rate and longevity could limit horn size evolution in this species. The similarity in the relationship between growth rate and longevity for hunted and natural mortalities suggests that horn growth rate should not respond to artificial selection. Our study highlights the need for the existence and study of protected populations to properly assess the impacts of selective harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Loehr
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Loehr J, Kovanen M, Carey J, Högmander H, Jurasz C, Kärkkäinen S, Suhonen J, Ylönen H. Gender- and age-class-specific reactions to human disturbance in a sexually dimorphic ungulate. CAN J ZOOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/z05-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
According to optimality theory, an individual's characteristics should play a major part in determining antipredator strategies. We studied behavioural reactions to human presence of gender and age classes of 35 thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli Nelson, 1884) in late winter 2001 in Faro, Yukon Territory, Canada. The behaviour of undisturbed sheep was observed from distances of 400–1200 m and compared with the behaviour recorded when one or two people were in close proximity to the sheep. Ewes decreased bedding and increased foraging when humans were present, but there were no changes in these behaviours in rams. Disturbance caused an increase in vigilance and a trend was found for adults to react more strongly to disturbance than juveniles. We demonstrate the importance for disturbance research of gaining detailed information about all different kinds of population members and using applicable statistical tests in the data analyses.
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Arnold R, Augier C, Baker J, Barabash A, Broudin G, Brudanin V, Caffrey AJ, Caurier E, Egorov V, Errahmane K, Etienvre AI, Guyonnet JL, Hubert F, Hubert P, Jollet C, Jullian S, Kochetov O, Kovalenko V, Konovalov S, Lalanne D, Leccia F, Longuemare C, Lutter G, Marquet C, Mauger F, Nowacki F, Ohsumi H, Piquemal F, Reyss JL, Saakyan R, Sarazin X, Simard L, Simkovic F, Shitov Y, Smolnikov A, Stekl L, Suhonen J, Sutton CS, Szklarz G, Thomas J, Timkin V, Tretyak V, Umatov V, Vála L, Vanushin I, Vasilyev V, Vorobel V, Vylov T. First results of the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay with the NEMO 3 detector. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:182302. [PMID: 16383896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.182302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The NEMO 3 detector, which has been operating in the Fréjus underground laboratory since February 2003, is devoted to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (beta beta 0v). The half-lives of the two neutrino double-beta decay (beta beta 2v) have been measured for 100Mo and 82Se. After 389 effective days of data collection from February 2003 until September 2004 (phase I), no evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay was found from approximately 7 kg of 100Mo and approximately 1 kg of 82Se. The corresponding limits are T1/2(beta beta0v) > 4.6 x 10(23) yr for 100Mo and T1/2(beta beta 0v) > 1.0 x 10(23) yr for 82Se (90% C.L.). Depending on the nuclear matrix element calculation, the limits for the effective Majorana neutrino mass are <mv> < 0.7-2.8 e/v for 100Mo and <mv> < 1.7-4.9 eV for 82Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arnold
- IReS, IN2P3-CNRS and ULP, 67037 Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
Problems in species recognition are thought to affect the evolution of secondary sexual characters mainly through avoidance of maladaptive hybridization. Another, but much less studied avenue for the evolution of sexual characters due to species recognition problems is through interspecific aggression. In the damselfly, Calopteryx splendens, males have pigmented wing spots as a sexual character. Large-spotted males resemble males of another species, Calopteryx virgo, causing potential problems in species recognition. In this study, we investigate whether there is character displacement in wing spot size and whether interspecific aggression could cause this pattern. We found first that wing spot size of C. splendens in populations decreased with increasing relative abundance of C. virgo. Secondly, C. virgo males were more aggressive towards large- than small-spotted C. splendens males. Thirdly, in interspecific contests C. virgo males had better territory holding ability than C. splendens males. These results suggest that interspecific aggression may have caused character displacement in wing spot size of C. splendens, because the intensity of aggression towards large-spotted males is likely to increase with relative abundance of C. virgo males. Thus, interspecific aggression may be an evolutionarily significant force that is able to cause divergence in secondary sexual characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tynkkynen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Abstract
Antigen uptake and the following maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal to the initiation of specific antimicrobial immune responses. DCs also play an important role in the recruitment and activation of the cells of the innate immune system. We have examined the interactions of DCs with Borrelia burgdorferi to find explanations for the difficulties the human immune system has in dealing with the bacterium. Phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi by immature DCs and the effect of the bacterium on the maturation and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion of DCs were studied. Borreliae were phagocytized and processed into fragments by DCs; narrow tube-like pseudopods and broad pseudopods were used for the engulfment. The immature DC population gained a heterogeneous appearance within 2 h of incubation with the borreliae. A 24 h coculture with borreliae induced maturation and IL-8 secretion in the DCs in a manner comparable with the effect of lipopolysaccharides. All strains studied, including a mutant strain lacking outer surface proteins A and B, were capable of inducing these responses. Thus, our results did not show any clear inadequacy concerning the way DCs are dealing with B. burgdorferi. However, further studies on the subject are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhonen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University, Turku, Finland.
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25
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Virolainen KM, Suomi T, Suhonen J, Kuitunen M. Conservation of vascular plants in single large and several small mires: species richness, rarity and taxonomic diversity. J Appl Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1998.355344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Abstract
The fate of borreliae invading a human may depend on the early innate response they induce. The interactions of human complement system and neutrophils with two strains of the Lyme borreliosis spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi were studied. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto B31 (resistant to a 28% concentration of normal human serum (NHS)) and Borrelia garinii Bg A218/98 (sensitive to 7% NHS) were examined. Both strains induced neutrophil oxidative burst in a complement-dependent manner. B31 required the presence of 7% NHS, but Bg A218/98 required the presence of only 0.7% NHS for optimal induction of the burst. At all concentrations of NHS, the proportion of the spirochetes with C3bi on their surfaces and the relative amount of C3bi bound per spirochete were larger with Bg A218/98 than with B31. Bg A218/98 was able to induce an oxidative burst, when provided with serum with blocked classical pathway of complement, whereas B31 required the presence of the classical pathway. We suggest a role for the opsonizing effect of complement in controlling borreliae that are either resistant to direct killing by complement or located in the compartments of the human body at sublethal concentrations of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhonen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Turku, Finland.
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27
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Ekelund J, Suhonen J, Järvelin MR, Peltonen L, Lichtermann D. No association of the -521 C/T polymorphism in the promoter of DRD4 with novelty seeking. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 6:618-9. [PMID: 11673788 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Ekelund J, Hovatta I, Parker A, Paunio T, Varilo T, Martin R, Suhonen J, Ellonen P, Chan G, Sinsheimer JS, Sobel E, Juvonen H, Arajärvi R, Partonen T, Suvisaari J, Lönnqvist J, Meyer J, Peltonen L. Chromosome 1 loci in Finnish schizophrenia families. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:1611-7. [PMID: 11468279 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.15.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have earlier reported evidence for linkage to two regions on chromosome 1q32--q42 in schizophrenia families collected for two separate studies in Finland. Here we report the results of a fine mapping effort aimed at further definition of the chromosomal region of interest using a large, population-based study sample (221 families, 557 affected individuals). Most affecteds (78%) had a DSM-IV schizophrenia diagnosis and the remaining had schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We genotyped a total of 147 microsatellite markers on a wide 45 cM region of chromosome 1q. The results were analyzed separately for families originating from an internal isolate of Finland and for families from the rest of Finland, as well as for all families jointly. We used traditional two-point linkage analysis, SimWalk2 multipoint analysis and a novel gamete-competition association/linkage method. Evidence for linkage was obtained for one locus in the combined sample (Z(max) = 2.71, D1S2709) and in the nuclear families from outside the internal isolate (Z(max) = 3.21, D1S2709). In the families from the internal isolate the strongest evidence for linkage was obtained with markers located 22 cM centromeric from this marker (Z(max) = 2.30, D1S245). Multipoint analysis also indicated these loci. Some evidence for association with several markers was observed using the gamete-competition method. Interestingly, the strongest evidence for linkage in the combined study sample was obtained for marker D1S2709, which is an intragenic marker of the DISC1 gene, previously suggested as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. These results are consistent with the presence of susceptibility gene(s) in this chromosomal region, a result also implied in other recent family studies of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ekelund
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Palmio J, Peltola J, Vuorinen P, Laine S, Suhonen J, Keränen T. Normal CSF neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein levels in patients with recent non-complicated tonic-clonic seizures. J Neurol Sci 2001; 183:27-31. [PMID: 11166790 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased concentrations of the nervous-system-specific proteins neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein (S-100) have been measured with lesions in the CNS. Elevated levels of serum NSE (s-NSE) have been found in status epilepticus, but also after single epileptic seizures. Because larger studies addressing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of NSE or S-100 have not been performed, we measured CSF NSE and S-100 after tonic-clonic seizures to search for evidence of neuronal and glial damage. METHODS 22 consecutive patients with single, previously undiagnosed and untreated tonic-clonic seizures were studied. Serum and CSF samples were collected within 24 h after seizure. 18 serum and CSF samples were measured from a control group. RESULTS The mean CSF NSE was 8.9 ng/ml (range 0-28 ng/ml) and s-NSE 8.2 ng/ml (range 5-15 ng/ml) in the patient group. The mean concentrations in the control group were 13.1 ng/ml (range 3-24 ng/ml) and 8.0 ng/ml (range 5-12 ng/ml) respectively. The mean CSF S-100 was 3.17 microg/l (range 1.45-7.02 microg/l) and serum S-100 0.05 microg/l (range 0-0.32 microg/l), and in controls 3.19 microg/l (range 1.52-5.13 microg/l) and 0.08 microg/l (range 0-0.28 microg/l). CONCLUSION There were no significant differences between the mean concentrations of NSE or S-100 in CSF and serum between the epileptic group and controls. These results do not confirm the previous observation of elevated NSE-levels after tonic-clonic seizures, which argues against neuronal or glial damage after uncomplicated tonic-clonic seizures in unmedicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Palmio
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, Fin-33521, Tampere, Finland.
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30
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Rantala MJ, Koskimäki J, Taskinen J, Tynkkynen K, Suhonen J. Immunocompetence, developmental stability and wingspot size in the damselfly Calopteryx splendens L. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:2453-7. [PMID: 11133037 PMCID: PMC1690828 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calopteryx splendens males exhibit a remarkable variation in wing pigmentation both within and between populations. In this study, we examined whether the wingspots of male C. splendens are related to male quality. We measured the nylon implant encapsulation rate for 85 males and found that males with larger wingspots had a faster encapsulation rate, indicating a better immunocompetence. We also found that the encapsulation rate was positively correlated with the density of haemocytes in the haemolymph. Another measurement of male quality, fluctuating asymmetry of wingspots, correlated negatively with the size of the wingspots. Males with asymmetrical wingspots also had lower encapsulation rates than more symmetrical males. Our results suggest that the size of wingspot is an indicator of male quality in C. splendens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rantala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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31
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Peltola J, Palmio J, Korhonen L, Suhonen J, Miettinen A, Hurme M, Lindholm D, Keränen T. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with recent tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Res 2000; 41:205-11. [PMID: 10962211 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported increased concentrations of interleukin (1L)-6 in CSF from patients with tonic-clonic seizures, where increased cytokine production most likely is a consequence of neuronal epileptic activity associated with seizures. The biological effects of IL-6 are mediated by other cytokines, which are studied here in addition to IL-6. The purpose of this study was to analyze levels of soluble cytokines from plasma and CSF from patients with newly developed tonic-clonic seizures. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured from plasma and CSF from 22 patients with newly developed tonic-clonic seizures within 24 h from the seizure and 18 controls. The mean concentrations of IL-6 were significantly increased in CSF (P<0.001) and plasma (P<0.01) after tonic-clonic seizures, there was some indication of increased concentrations of IL-1RA and no significant change in NGF, IL-1beta or TNFalpha. Our study shows that cytokine network is activated in patients after recent tonic-clonic seizures. We provide evidence of intrathecal production of IL-6 associated with electrical seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peltola
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN-33101, Tampere, Finland
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32
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Virolainen KM, Ahlroth P, Hyvärinen E, Korkeamäki E, Mattila J, Päiivinen J, Rintala T, Suomi T, Suhonen J. Hot spots, indicator taxa, complementarity and optimal networks of taiga. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:1143-7. [PMID: 10885520 PMCID: PMC1690649 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
If hot spots for different taxa coincide, priority-setting surveys in a region could be carried out more cheaply by focusing on indicator taxa. Several previous studies show that hot spots of different taxa rarely coincide. However, in tropical areas indicator taxa may be used in selecting complementary networks to represent biodiversity as a whole. We studied beetles (Coleoptera), Heteroptera, polypores or bracket fungi (Polyporaceae) and vascular plants of old growth boreal taiga forests. Optimal networks for Heteroptera maximized the high overall species richness of beetles and vascular plants, but these networks were least favourable options for polypores. Polypores are an important group indicating the conservation value of old growth taiga forests. Random selection provided a better option. Thus, certain groups may function as good indicators for maximizing the overall species richness of some taxonomic groups, but all taxa should be examined separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Virolainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä , Finland.
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33
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Rantanen J, Känsäkoski M, Suhonen J, Tenhunen J, Lehtonen S, Rajalahti T, Mannermaa JP, Yliruusi J. Next generation fluidized bed granulator automation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2000; 1:E10. [PMID: 14727843 PMCID: PMC2784821 DOI: 10.1208/pt010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A system for fluidized bed granulator automation with in-line multichannel near infrared (NIR) moisture measurement and a unique air flow rate measurement design was assembled, and the information gained was investigated. The multivariate process data collected was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The test materials (theophylline and microcrystalline cellulose) were granulated and the calibration behavior of the multichannel NIR set-up was evaluated against full Fourier Transform (FT) NIR spectra. Accurate and reliable process air flow rate measurement proved critical in controlling the granulation process. The process data describing the state of the process was projected in two dimensions, and the information from various trend charts was outlined simultaneously. The absorbence of test material at correction wavelengths (NIR region) and the nature of material-water interactions affected the detected in-line NIR water signal. This resulted in different calibration models for the test materials. Development of process analytical methods together with new data visualization algorithms creates new tools for in-process control of the fluidized bed granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rantanen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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34
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Aunola M, Suhonen J, Siiskonen T. Competition Between Beta and Double Beta Decay in 48Ca and 96Zr. The Nucleus 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4257-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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35
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Suhonen J, Hartiala K, Tuominen-Gustafsson H, Viljanen MK. Borrelia burgdorferi--induced oxidative burst, calcium mobilization, and phagocytosis of human neutrophils are complement dependent. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:195-202. [PMID: 10608767 DOI: 10.1086/315195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
When Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete causing Lyme disease, is transmitted to a human, the complement system is among the first challenges facing the bacterium. Neutrophils are crucial leukocytes in the first line of host defense against bacterial infections. To investigate the role of complement in the Borrelia-induced activation of human neutrophils, oxidative burst, calcium mobilization, and phagocytosis induced by three subspecies of B. burgdorferi were studied. Each subspecies induced all observed neutrophil functions in a complement-dependent manner. Serum-derived factors bound to the surface of B. burgdorferi were found to be essential for the induction of the oxidative burst. The CD11b chain of CR3 was found to participate in the oxidative burst and calcium mobilization induced by B. burgdorferi.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhonen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Abstract
Interactions between human neutrophils and Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, were studied by dark-field microscopy combined with video technology. A previously unrecognized mechanism for neutrophils to phagocytize the spirochete was discovered. During phagocytosis, the spirochete attaches to the neutrophil head-on, the neutrophil forms a thin tubelike protrusion around the bacterium, and the fully covered spirochete is drawn into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhonen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Turku 20520, Finland.
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37
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Ollikainen J, Suhonen J, Haapasalo H. Proliferation of neuronal and mixed neuronal CNS tumours. Pathophysiology 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4680(98)81230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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38
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Aho T, Kuitunen M, Suhonen J, JANTTI A, Hakkari T. Behavioural responses of Eurasian treecreepers, Certhia familiaris, to competition with ants. Anim Behav 1997; 54:1283-90. [PMID: 9398381 DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1997.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Competition for a specific resource that is essential for the survival of both the competitors may be intense even between very dissimilar taxa. However, the importance of the effects caused by such interspecific competition has seldom been emphasized. These effects can appear as differences in individual foraging behaviour during the breeding season, which can result in critical variation in fitness. In this study we examined the effects of wood ants (Formica rufa group) on the abundance of other invertebrates on tree trunks and on the foraging site selection of breeding Eurasian treecreepers, which use the same habitat as wood ants. Arthropods were scarcer on the trunks with ants present; the treecreepers avoided these trunks and foraged for a shorter time on trunks with ants than on trunks without ants. We also tested experimentally the existence of competition between ants and treecreepers by comparing the foraging behaviour of breeding treecreepers on spruce trunks with ants, without ants and with experimentally reduced numbers of ants. On average arthropods were scarcest on trunks with ants present. Male treecreepers also foraged for a shorter time on spruce trunks with ants. The reduction in ant numbers allowed food resources on trunks to recover over a week and led to longer foraging times of the treecreepers on these trunks than on trunks with ants present. The longest treecreeper visits were on trunks without ants. Our results suggest that competition between two very different taxa may be effective in determining the behaviour of foraging individuals.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Konnevesi Research Station, University of Jyvaskyla
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39
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Salonen T, Haapalinna A, Heinonen E, Suhonen J, Hervonen A. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline protects young and aged rat peripheral sympathetic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. Acta Neuropathol 1996; 91:466-74. [PMID: 8740226 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Selegiline is a selective and irreversible monoamine B inhibitor with the capacity to increase the level of several antioxidative enzymes in rat brain. It can protect adrenergic neurons against injury induced by neurotoxins such as MPTP, DSP-4 and AF64A in animal studies. In addition, the protective action is not limited to catecholaminergic cells, as selegiline can also minimize the loss of developing motoneurons after axotomy. The aim of this study was to determine whether selegiline can protect peripheral catecholaminergic neurons against the neurotoxic effect of 6-OHDA. This kind of protective effect against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity has not been reported before. Wistar albino male rats aged 4 or 24 months were treated with selegiline or saline solution 1 h before 6-OHDA injection. At 2 weeks after the 6-OHDA injection, the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) and submandibular glands (SMG) were studied using catecholamine histofluorescence and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The number of TH-positive cells in the SCG and the length and number of adrenergic nerve fibers in the SMG were quantified. Our findings showed that 6-OHDA caused a reduction of TH immunoreactivity and catecholamine histofluorescence in neuronal somata, as well as a decrease in the number and length of adrenergic nerve fibers in the submandibular gland. Selegiline pretreatment protected SCG neurons and their postganglionic nerve fibers in SMG against these changes in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism through which selegiline exerts its neuroprotective effect is as yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Salonen
- University of Tampere, School of Public Health, Laboratory of Gerontology, Finland
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Raduta AA, Suhonen J. Description of beta decay to excited quadrupole phonon states within a boson-expansion formalism. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:176-187. [PMID: 9970927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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41
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Abstract
Hoarding increases food availability during periods of scarcity, and therefore should enhance fitness. Although short-term advantages of hoarding have been described for birds, effects over an animal's lifetime have not yet been documented. Here, we report that in the red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, individuals which recovered many cached tree seeds increased their body mass and were more likely to survive the spring breeding season than those that recovered fewer seeds. There was no significant effect of the time spent recovering cached food on the probability for females to produce a spring litter. In the long-term, hoarding behaviour was related to fitness in two ways; (i) squirrels spending more time recovering hoards survived longer; and (ii) females with a high recovery activity tended to wean more young in their lifetime than those that spent less time recovering hoards. Our data indicate that in red squirrels, food hoarding is an adaptive foraging strategy to preserve temporarily abundant food resources for future periods of hardship, and that individuals that hoard and recovery many tree seeds are more likely to survive and reproduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Wauters
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, U.I.A., Wilrijk, Belgium
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Bertschy M, Drissi S, Garrett PE, Jolie J, Kern J, Mannanal SJ, Vorlet JP, Warr N, Suhonen J. Erratum: Study of 110Cd from the 110Inm beta decay. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:1148. [PMID: 9970612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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43
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Toivanen J, Suhonen J. Renormalized proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation and its application to double beta decay. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:410-413. [PMID: 10060014 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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44
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Bertschy M, Drissi S, Garrett PE, Jolie J, Kern J, Mannanal SJ, Vorlet JP, Warr N, Suhonen J. Study of 110Cd from the 110Inm beta decay. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:103-114. [PMID: 9970043 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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45
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Suhonen J, Civitarese O. Quasiparticle random phase approximation analysis of the double beta decay of 100Mo to the ground state and excited states of 100Ru. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:3055-3060. [PMID: 9969584 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Abstract
Sympathetic ganglion tissue of aged (36 months) Wistar rats was allotransplanted into the submandibular gland (SMG) of young (3 months) animals to study whether sympathetic neurons can outlive the original host. The viability of the transplants was evaluated one year postgrafting, using the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique (FIF) for histochemical demonstration of catecholamines, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry, and morphometry. One year after transplantation, grafted superior cervical ganglion (SCG) cells demonstrated catecholamine fluorescence and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. The transplants consisted of groups of sympathetic neurons dispersed in a fibrous matrix. After long postgrafting time, the sympathetic neurons of aged rats showed several signs of enhanced degeneration; increased autofluorescent lipopigment, decreased neuronal density and reduced catecholamine fluorescence. The mean diameter of the transplanted aged neurons was significantly decreased. The histograms of grouped diameter values showed a shift to smaller cells in ganglion transplants. A subpopulation of small and medium-sized grafted neurons sent out fluorescent fibers, which were located in a fibrous scar area but did not extend into submandibular host tissue. The results indicate that a long postgrafting time induced degeneration which is comparable to normal aging changes in grafted very old neurons. Thus, aged sympathetic neurons maintain plasticity to survive as transplants, and under favourable conditions these neurons outlive the original host.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Tampere, Medical School, Finland
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Civitarese O, Suhonen J. Use of summation methods in the calculation of nuclear double beta decay processes. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 47:2410-2413. [PMID: 9968708 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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49
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Suhonen J, Hammarén E. Massive neutrinos and right-handed weak currents in double beta decay. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 47:757-760. [PMID: 9968491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Suhonen J, Hervonen A. Transplanted sympathetic neurons from old rats survive in the anterior eye chamber: a histochemical and electron microscopic study. J Neural Transplant Plast 1993; 4:267-78. [PMID: 7948178 PMCID: PMC2565268 DOI: 10.1155/np.1993.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the viability and ultrastructural characteristics of intraocular superior cervical ganglion (SCG) grafts from young (3 months), aged (24 months) and very old (36 months) rats after short-term (1 month) grafting. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) technique for histochemical demonstration of catecholamines was used to indicate the functionality of transplanted neurons. Ultrastructural changes in grafts were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Four weeks after transplantation, catecholamine histofluorescence in young transplants was almost as strong as in the intact ganglia, while aged and very old grafts showed decreased fluorescence and contained a marked accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment bodies. Catecholamine histofluorescence showed a decrease in neuronal density of 47%, 59% and 68% in young, aged and very old grafted ganglia, respectively. The shape of most of the transplanted neurons did not differ from that in the intact ganglia, but the average diameter of neurons was decreased after grafting. In electron microscopy, both neurons with normal in vivo fine structure and neurons showing some abnormal cytological alterations were seen in each age group of the transplants. The most prominent feature after grafting was the accumulation of different types of lipopigment bodies in the perikarya of neurons. the organization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was more irregular in transplanted neurons than in intact neurons. In addition, the amount of neurofilament aggregates increased and some mitochondria were swollen in neurons after transplantation. These results suggest that young sympathetic ganglion tissue survives rather well after transplantation into the anterior eye chamber, while in the aged sympathetic ganglion implants the survival rate is poorer. However, aged and very old SCG grafts were shown to contain and continue to produce noradrenaline, indicating that sympathetic neurons maintain their plasticity and regenerative ability in advanced age. Catecholamine histofluorescence and fine structural changes in the cell structure of grafted sympathetic neurons may indicate an accelerated aging process induced by the transplantation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Tampere Medical School, Finland
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