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Natera-de Benito D, Foley AR, Domínguez-González C, Ortez C, Jain M, Mebrahtu A, Donkervoort S, Hu Y, Fink M, Yun P, Ogata T, Medina J, Vigo M, Meilleur KG, Leach ME, Dastgir J, Díaz-Manera J, Carrera-García L, Expósito-Escudero J, Alarcon M, Cuadras D, Montiel-Morillo E, Milisenda JC, Dominguez-Rubio R, Olivé M, Colomer J, Jou C, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Bönnemann CG, Nascimento A. Association of Initial Maximal Motor Ability With Long-term Functional Outcome in Patients With COL6-Related Dystrophies. Neurology 2021; 96:e1413-e1424. [PMID: 33441455 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To accurately categorize the phenotypes of individuals with collagen VI-related dystrophies (COL6-RDs) during the first years of life to predict long-term motor function and pulmonary function, to provide phenotype-specific anticipatory care, and to improve clinical trial readiness. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter, international study analyzed the relationship of long-term motor and pulmonary function with the initial maximal motor ability achieved in individuals with COL6-RD. RESULTS We studied 119 patients with COL6-RD from Spain (n = 54) and the United States (n = 65). The early maximal motor milestones of ability to rise from the floor unassisted and ability to climb 4 steps without holding onto a railing demonstrated reliability in distinguishing between 3 COL6-RD phenotypic subgroups: (1) Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, (2) intermediate COL6-RD, and (3) Bethlem myopathy. Long-term motor function and pulmonary function are strongly correlated with the maximal motor ability achieved during the first years of life. Maximal motor capacity can predict other disease-relevant events such as the age at loss of ambulation and the need for the initiation of nocturnal noninvasive ventilation. CONCLUSION This work proposes a prospective phenotypic classification for COL6-RDs that will enable an accurate prediction of a patient's COL6-RD phenotype during the first years of life. The ability to establish a patient's COL6-RD phenotypic classification early will enable a more accurate prognosis of future motor and pulmonary function, thus improving anticipatory clinical care, and it will be instrumental in aiding the design of future clinical trials by allowing early stratification of trial cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Natera-de Benito
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Reghan Foley
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Minal Jain
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aron Mebrahtu
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Hu
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margaret Fink
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pomi Yun
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tracy Ogata
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julita Medina
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vigo
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine G Meilleur
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meganne E Leach
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jahannaz Dastgir
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Carrera-García
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Expósito-Escudero
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Alarcon
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Cuadras
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Montiel-Morillo
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Milisenda
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Dominguez-Rubio
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Colomer
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Nascimento
- From the Neuromuscular Unit (D.N.-d.B., C.O., L.C.-G., J.E.-E., M.A., J.C., C.J., C.J.-M., A.N.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (A.R.F., S.D., Y.H., M.F., P.Y., T.O., M.E.L., J.D., C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rehabilitation Medicine Department (M.J., A.M.), Clinical Research Center, and Neuromuscular Symptoms Unit (K.G.M.), Tissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Neurology (C.D.-G., E.M.-M.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (imas12), Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine (J.M., M.V.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Statistics Department (D.C.), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.M.), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and CIBERER, Villarroel 170; Neuropathology Unit (R.D.-R., M.O.), Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Pathology (C.J.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Villar-Quiles RN, von der Hagen M, Métay C, Gonzalez V, Donkervoort S, Bertini E, Castiglioni C, Chaigne D, Colomer J, Cuadrado ML, de Visser M, Desguerre I, Eymard B, Goemans N, Kaindl A, Lagrue E, Lütschg J, Malfatti E, Mayer M, Merlini L, Orlikowski D, Reuner U, Salih MA, Schlotter-Weigel B, Stoetter M, Straub V, Topaloglu H, Urtizberea JA, van der Kooi A, Wilichowski E, Romero NB, Fardeau M, Bönnemann CG, Estournet B, Richard P, Quijano-Roy S, Schara U, Ferreiro A. The clinical, histologic, and genotypic spectrum of SEPN1-related myopathy: A case series. Neurology 2020; 95:e1512-e1527. [PMID: 32796131 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the prevalence, long-term natural history, and severity determinants of SEPN1-related myopathy (SEPN1-RM), we analyzed a large international case series. METHODS Retrospective clinical, histologic, and genetic analysis of 132 pediatric and adult patients (2-58 years) followed up for several decades. RESULTS The clinical phenotype was marked by severe axial muscle weakness, spinal rigidity, and scoliosis (86.1%, from 8.9 ± 4 years), with relatively preserved limb strength and previously unreported ophthalmoparesis in severe cases. All patients developed respiratory failure (from 10.1±6 years), 81.7% requiring ventilation while ambulant. Histopathologically, 79 muscle biopsies showed large variability, partly determined by site of biopsy and age. Multi-minicores were the most common lesion (59.5%), often associated with mild dystrophic features and occasionally with eosinophilic inclusions. Identification of 65 SEPN1 mutations, including 32 novel ones and the first pathogenic copy number variation, unveiled exon 1 as the main mutational hotspot and revealed the first genotype-phenotype correlations, bi-allelic null mutations being significantly associated with disease severity (p = 0.017). SEPN1-RM was more severe and progressive than previously thought, leading to loss of ambulation in 10% of cases, systematic functional decline from the end of the third decade, and reduced lifespan even in mild cases. The main prognosis determinants were scoliosis/respiratory management, SEPN1 mutations, and body mass abnormalities, which correlated with disease severity. We propose a set of severity criteria, provide quantitative data for outcome identification, and establish a need for age stratification. CONCLUSION Our results inform clinical practice, improving diagnosis and management, and represent a major breakthrough for clinical trial readiness in this not so rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio N Villar-Quiles
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Maja von der Hagen
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Corinne Métay
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Victoria Gonzalez
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Enrico Bertini
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Castiglioni
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Denys Chaigne
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Jaume Colomer
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Luz Cuadrado
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Marianne de Visser
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Bruno Eymard
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Angela Kaindl
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Lagrue
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Jürg Lütschg
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Michèle Mayer
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Luciano Merlini
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - David Orlikowski
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Reuner
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Schlotter-Weigel
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Mechthild Stoetter
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Volker Straub
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - J Andoni Urtizberea
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Anneke van der Kooi
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Wilichowski
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Norma B Romero
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Fardeau
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Estournet
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Pascale Richard
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- From the Basic and Translational Myology Lab (R.N.V.-Q., V.G., A.F.), UMR8251, Université de Paris/CNRS; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (R.N.V.-Q., B. Eymard, N.B.R., A.F.) and Neuromuscular Morphology Unit (N.B.R., M.F.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology (M.v.d.H.), Medinzinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; AP-HP (C.M., P.R.), Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Department of Neurology (V.G.), University Hospital of Montpellier, France; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy; Departamento de Neurología Pediátrica (C.C.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Paediatrics Department (D.C.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France; Neuromuscular Unit (J.C.), Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona; Center for the Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (J.C.), ISCIII; Department of Neurology (M.L.C.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos; Department of Medicine (M.L.C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Neurology (I.D.), Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, France; Department of Child Neurology (N.G.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.K.), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics (E.L.), CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR INSERM U1253, Tours, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (J.L.), University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Switzerland; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (E.M.), Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France (M.M.), Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (L.M.), University of Bologna, Italy; Réanimation Médicale, Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, UMR 1429 (D.O.), INSERM-UMR, 1179, UVSQ (D.O.), and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, UVSQ Paris Saclay (B. Estournet, S.Q.-R.), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France; Department of Neurology (U.R.), Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, German; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (M.A.S.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Friedrich-Baur-Institut (B.S.-W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Department of Pediatric Neurology (M.S.), University of Tübingen, Germany; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (V.S.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child Neurology (H.T.), Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire (J.A.U.), Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France; Department of Neurology (A.v.d.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands; Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Pediatric Neurology (U.S.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany.
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