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Rushwan A, Stefanou D, Tariq J, Drosos P, Chaudhuri N, Milton R, Tcherveniakov P, Papagiannopoulos K, Brunelli A. Increased minute ventilation-to-carbon dioxide slope during cardiopulmonary exercise test is associated with poor postoperative outcome following lung cancer resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezad337. [PMID: 37812232 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ventilatory efficiency [minute ventilation-to-carbon dioxide output slope (VE/VCO2 slope)] can be measured at sub-maximal workload during cardiopulmonary exercise test. The aim of this study is to assess the association between VE/VCO2 slope and outcome after lung cancer resections. METHODS Retrospective, single-centre analysis on all patients undergoing lung resection for cancer (April 2014-August 2022) and with a preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test. VE/VCO2 slope >40 was chosen as high-risk threshold. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of VE/VCO2 slope and several patient- and surgery-related factors with 90-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 552 patients were included (374 lobectomies, 81 segmentectomies, 55 pneumonectomies and 42 wedge resections). Seventy-four percent were minimally invasive procedures. Cardiopulmonary morbidity was 32%, in-hospital/30-day mortality 6.9% and 90-day mortality 8.9%. A total of 137 patients (25%) had a slope of >40. These patients were older (72 vs 70 years, P = 0.012), had more frequently coronary artery disease (17% vs 10%, P = 0.028), lower carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity (57% vs 68%, P < 0.001), lower body mass index (25.4 vs 27.0 kg/m2, P = 0.001) and lower peak VO2 (14.9 vs 17.0 ml/kg/min, P < 0.001) than those with a lower slope. The cardiopulmonary morbidity among patients with a slope of >40 was 40% vs 29% in those with lower slope (P = 0.019). Ninety-day mortality was 15% vs 6.7% (P = 0.002). The 90-day mortality of elderly patients with slope >40 was 21% vs 7.8% (P = 0.001). After adjusting for peak VO2 value, extent of operation and other patient-related variables in a logistic regression analysis, VE/VCO2 slope retained a significant association with 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS VE/VCO2 slope was strongly associated with morbidity and mortality following lung resection and should be included in the functional algorithm to assess fitness for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Rushwan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Demetrios Stefanou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Javeria Tariq
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Polivious Drosos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chaudhuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Milton
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Pompili C, Tariq J, Dalmia S, Harle A, Gilbert A, Valuckiene L, Brunelli A. Cohort study investigating evolution and factors associated with dyspnoea after anatomic lung resection. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:113-122. [PMID: 38410604 PMCID: PMC10894400 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Dyspnoea is common following surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The effects range from reduced quality of life to impact on adjuvant therapy outcomes. Currently, dyspnoea beyond the immediate postoperative phase and risk factors are not well characterised. We hope to assess the evolution of patient-reported dyspnoea after anatomic lung resection and associated factors. Methods Single-centre cohort study with analysis on data collected longitudinally of 131 patients undergoing anatomic lung resections for NSCLC between September 2014 and December 2018. The European Organization for Research and Treatment Lung Cancer-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire Dyspnoea Scale was used to measure dyspnoea before and after surgery. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with clinically meaningful perioperative changes in dyspnoea at 6-12 months. Results Mean Dyspnoea Scale scores preoperatively and 6-12 months after resection were 12.6 (standard deviation 17.4) and 17.9 (standard deviation 20.5), respectively. Of all patients 31% experienced a clinically meaningful increase in dyspnoea, defined as >10 points between Dyspnoea Scale scores preoperatively and at 6-12 months. Comparatively, 71% of patients without preoperative symptoms of dyspnoea developed a clinically meaningful increase of dyspnoea postoperatively. After adjusting the analysis for baseline factors and preoperative Dyspnoea Scale score, female sex remained the only patient factor associated with increased postoperative dyspnoea at 6-12 months after surgery (P=0.046). A total of 34% of patients reported increased dyspnoea after lobectomies and 9% after segmentectomies (P=0.014). Segmentectomy (as opposed to larger resections) was the only surgical factor associated with lower risk of increased dyspnoea (P=0.057). Conclusions A clinically meaningful increase in dyspnoea is frequent after lung resection. Postoperative evolution of dyspnoea is non-predictable using objective baseline factors highlighting the importance of patient reported symptoms and involvement in clinical consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pompili
- Section of Patient Centred Outcomes Research, Leeds Institute for Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Javeria Tariq
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Amelie Harle
- Department of Oncology, Poole Hospital, Dorset, UK
| | - Alexandra Gilbert
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Laura Valuckiene
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Brunelli A, Argyriou A, Batirel H, Colson Y, Darling G, Fernandez F, Gooseman M, Lerut T, Molena D, Novoa N, Opitz I, Papagiannopoulos K, Patterson GA, Petersen RH, Rawlinson J, Rocco G, Stiles BM, Tariq J, Varela G. Sawubona reprise: reflections on the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Presidential Address 2022. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:204-213. [PMID: 36794145 PMCID: PMC9922595 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amerikos Argyriou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Hasan Batirel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yolonda Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail Darling
- Department of Surgery Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Felix Fernandez
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Gooseman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals and Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Toni Lerut
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Molena
- Thoracic Service-Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nuria Novoa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rene H. Petersen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janette Rawlinson
- European Lung Foundation Lung Cancer Patient Advisory Group, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Thoracic Service-Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendon M. Stiles
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Javeria Tariq
- Leeds School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gonzalo Varela
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Zafar A, Rahman Z, Mubeen H, Makhdoom J, Tariq J, Mahjabeen, Ali Z, Hamid A, Shafique E, Aftab MN. Heterologous expression, molecular studies and biochemical characterization of a novel alkaline esterase gene from Bacillus thuringiensis for detergent industry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34482-34495. [PMID: 36545586 PMCID: PMC9709933 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was aimed to clone and express the esterase encoding gene from Bacillus thuringiensis in E. coli BL21. Purification of recombinant esterase enzyme was achieved up to 48.6 purification folds by ion exchange chromatography with specific activity of 126.36 U mg-1. Molecular weight of esterase enzyme was 29 kDa as measured by SDS-PAGE. Purified esterase enzyme showed stability up to 90% at 90 °C and remained stable in a wide pH range (8-11). Molecular docking strengthens the experimental results by showing the higher binding energy with p-NP-butyrate. Enzyme activity was found to be reduced by EDTA but enhanced in the presence of other metal ions. Enzyme activity was reduced with 1% SDS, PMSF, and urea but organic solvents did not show considerable impact on it even at higher concentrations. Purified recombinant esterase was also found to be compatible with commercial laundry detergents and showed very good stability (up to 90%). All these properties proved the esterase enzyme from B. thuringensis a significant addition in detergent industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Zafar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan+92-3006485797
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan+92-3006485797
| | - Hira Mubeen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan+92-3006485797
| | | | - Javeria Tariq
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan+92-3006485797
| | - Mahjabeen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan+92-3006485797
| | - Zulqurnain Ali
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan+92-3006485797
| | - Attia Hamid
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Govt. College UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Eeza Shafique
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan+92-3006485797
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Sajid MI, Ahmed S, Waqar U, Tariq J, Chundrigarh M, Balouch SS, Abaidullah S. SARS-CoV-2: Has artificial intelligence stood the test of time. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1792-1802. [PMID: 36195992 PMCID: PMC9521771 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven time and time again to be a game-changer innovation in every walk of life, including medicine. Introduced by Dr. Gunn in 1976 to accurately diagnose acute abdominal pain and list potential differentials, AI has since come a long way. In particular, AI has been aiding in radiological diagnoses with good sensitivity and specificity by using machine learning algorithms. With the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, AI has proven to be more than just a tool to facilitate healthcare workers in decision making and limiting physician-patient contact during the pandemic. It has guided governments and key policymakers in formulating and implementing laws, such as lockdowns and travel restrictions, to curb the spread of this viral disease. This has been made possible by the use of social media to map severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 hotspots, laying the basis of the "smart lockdown" strategy that has been adopted globally. However, these benefits might be accompanied with concerns regarding privacy and unconsented surveillance, necessitating authorities to develop sincere and ethical government-public relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ibrahim Sajid
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaheer Ahmed
- Medlcal College, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Main Murree Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Waqar
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Tariq
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Samira Shabbir Balouch
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Neela Gumbad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Abaidullah
- King Edward Medical University, Neela Gumbad, Lahore, Pakistan
- North Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital, Neela Gumbad, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sajid MI, Ahmed S, Waqar U, Tariq J, Chundrigarh M, Balouch SS, Abaidullah S. Application in medicine: Has artificial intelligence stood the test of time. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; Publish Ahead of Print:00029330-990000000-00090. [PMID: 35899989 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.00000000000020s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven time and time again to be a game-changer innovation in every walk of life, including medicine. Introduced by Dr. Gunn in 1976 to accurately diagnose acute abdominal pain and list potential differentials, AI has since come a long way. In particular, AI has been aiding in radiological diagnoses with good sensitivity and specificity by using machine learning algorithms. With the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, AI has proven to be more than just a tool to facilitate healthcare workers in decision making and limiting physician-patient contact during the pandemic. It has guided governments and key policymakers in formulating and implementing laws, such as lockdowns and travel restrictions, to curb the spread of this viral disease. This has been made possible by the use of social media to map severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 hotspots, laying the basis of the "smart lockdown" strategy that has been adopted globally. However, these benefits might be accompanied with concerns regarding privacy and unconsented surveillance, necessitating authorities to develop sincere and ethical government-public relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ibrahim Sajid
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaheer Ahmed
- Medlcal College, Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Main Murree Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Waqar
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Tariq
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Samira Shabbir Balouch
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Neela Gumbad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Abaidullah
- King Edward Medical University, Neela Gumbad, Lahore, Pakistan
- North Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital, Neela Gumbad, Lahore, Pakistan
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Tariq J, Fatima K, Tariq MU, Zeeshan S. Necrotizing Infection of the Breast: A Case Report on a Rare Presentation of Breast Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e24504. [PMID: 35651400 PMCID: PMC9135166 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing infection (NI) of the breast associated with underlying malignancy is a rare phenomenon characterized by necrosis of breast parenchyma, causing a delay in diagnosis and even leading to sepsis. We present a case of a 42-year-old female with NI of the right breast while on homeopathic treatment for a right breast lump for six months. Tissue culture showed a polymicrobial infection and histopathology established the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. After treating the NI, her breast cancer was managed as per standard guidelines.
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Waqar U, Tariq J, Chaudhry AA, Iftikhar H, Zafar H, Abbas SA. A Comprehensive Assessment of Blood Transfusions in Elective Thyroidectomy Based on 180,483 Patients. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:2078-2084. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.30098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Usama Waqar
- Medical College Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Javeria Tariq
- Medical College Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan
| | | | - Haissan Iftikhar
- Department of Otolaryngology University Hospitals Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Hasnain Zafar
- Patient Safety & Quality Office, Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan
| | - Syed Akbar Abbas
- Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan
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Gupta L, Tariq J, Yessirkepov M, Zimba O, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Gasparyan AY. Plagiarism in Non-Anglophone Countries: a Cross-sectional Survey of Researchers and Journal Editors. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e247. [PMID: 34636502 PMCID: PMC8506419 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plagiarism is one of the most common violation of publication ethics, and it still remains an area with several misconceptions and uncertainties. METHODS This online cross-sectional survey was conducted to analyze plagiarism perceptions among researchers and journal editors, particularly from non-Anglophone countries. RESULTS Among 211 respondents (mean age 40 years; M:F, 0.85:1), 26 were scholarly journal editors and 70 were reviewers with a large representation from India (50, 24%), Turkey (28, 13%), Kazakhstan (25, 12%) and Ukraine (24, 11%). Rigid and outdated pre- and post-graduate education was considered as the origin of plagiarism by 63% of respondents. Paraphragiarism was the most commonly encountered type of plagiarism (145, 69%). Students (150, 71%), non-Anglophone researchers with poor English writing skills (117, 55%), and agents of commercial editing agencies (126, 60%) were thought to be prone to plagiarize. There was a significant disagreement on the legitimacy of text copying in scholarly articles, permitted plagiarism limit, and plagiarized text in methods section. More than half (165, 78%) recommended specifically designed courses for plagiarism detection and prevention, and 94.7% (200) thought that social media platforms may be deployed to educate and notify about plagiarism. CONCLUSION Great variation exists in the understanding of plagiarism, potentially contributing to unethical publications and even retractions. Bridging the knowledge gap by arranging topical education and widely employing advanced anti-plagiarism software address this unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Gupta
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India.
| | - Javeria Tariq
- Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marlen Yessirkepov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Olena Zimba
- Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India
| | - Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
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Sajid MI, Tariq J, Waheed AA, Dur-E-Najaf, Balouch SS, Abaidullah S. Foreseeing a Worsening of Pediatric Malnutrition Following SARS-CoV-2 in Low and Middle-Income Countries Such as Pakistan. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 57:84. [PMID: 32694070 PMCID: PMC7368840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dur-E-Najaf
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Abaidullah
- King Edward Medical University Pakistan; Mayo Hospital, Pakistan
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Joseph EA, Martins RS, Tariq J, Aziz N, Inam H, Malik MA. Surgical Education and Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies and Solutions for Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2021; 71(Suppl 1):S83-S88. [PMID: 33582729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coronovirus disease-2019 pandemic has severely impacted surgical education and training in Pakistan and worldwide, causing problems, such as risk of infection, limited hands-on training, examination delays, and trainee redeployment to non-surgical specialties. The current review was planned to describe innovative strategies adopted by surgical training programmes worldwide in order to suggest comprehensive recommendations at the level of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan and individual institutions to counter the challenges presented by the pandemic in Pakistan. The innovative use of technology, including open-access online educational portals, virtual educational activities and simulation-based learning, can help reform education delivery during the pandemic. Hospitals' implementation of "shift schedules" for rotations helps continue training while minimising risks. Moreover, examination boards and residency programmes must appropriately tailor their eligibility criteria and assessment processes to the current situation. Lastly, it is vital to safeguard trainees' mental wellness during the pandemic and after by ensuring readily available professional psychological support when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javeria Tariq
- Medical Student, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Namrah Aziz
- Medical Student, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Inam
- Department of General Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahim A Malik
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Mahmood R, Sadaf S, Isab AA, Akkurt M, Sharif S, Khan IU, Tariq J, Ahmad S. Synthesis and structural characterization of cadmium(II) complexes of tetramethylthiourea (Tmtu); X-ray structure of [Cd(Tmtu)2Cl2]. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328412060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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