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Emert-Sedlak LA, Shi H, Tice CM, Chen L, Alvarado JJ, Shu ST, Du S, Thomas CE, Wrobel JE, Reitz AB, Smithgall TE. Antiretroviral Drug Discovery Targeting the HIV-1 Nef Virulence Factor. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092025. [PMID: 36146831 PMCID: PMC9503669 DOI: 10.3390/v14092025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While antiretroviral drugs have transformed the lives of HIV-infected individuals, chronic treatment is required to prevent rebound from viral reservoir cells. People living with HIV also are at higher risk for cardiovascular and neurocognitive complications, as well as cancer. Finding a cure for HIV-1 infection is therefore an essential goal of current AIDS research. This review is focused on the discovery of pharmacological inhibitors of the HIV-1 Nef accessory protein. Nef is well known to enhance HIV-1 infectivity and replication, and to promote immune escape of HIV-infected cells by preventing cell surface MHC-I display of HIV-1 antigens. Recent progress shows that Nef inhibitors not only suppress HIV-1 replication, but also restore sufficient MHC-I to the surface of infected cells to trigger a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. Combining Nef inhibitors with latency reversal agents and therapeutic vaccines may provide a path to clearance of viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A. Emert-Sedlak
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Haibin Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Colin M. Tice
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - John J. Alvarado
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sherry T. Shu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Shoucheng Du
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Catherine E. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jay E. Wrobel
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Thomas E. Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Correspondence:
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2
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Shi H, Tice CM, Emert-Sedlak L, Chen L, Li WF, Carlsen M, Wrobel JE, Reitz AB, Smithgall TE. Tight-Binding Hydroxypyrazole HIV-1 Nef Inhibitors Suppress Viral Replication in Donor Mononuclear Cells and Reverse Nef-Mediated MHC-I Downregulation. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:302-312. [PMID: 31775511 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The HIV-1 Nef accessory factor is critical to the viral life cycle in vivo and promotes immune escape of infected cells via downregulation of cell-surface MHC-I. Previously, we discovered small molecules that bind directly to Nef and block many of its functions, including enhancement of viral infectivity and replication in T cell lines. These compounds also restore cell-surface MHC-I expression in HIV-infected CD4 T cells from AIDS patients, enabling recognition and killing by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this study, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a diverse set of analogs based on the original hydroxypyrazole Nef inhibitor core. All analogs were screened for the interaction with recombinant HIV-1 Nef by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and for antiretroviral activity in TZM-bl reporter cells infected with HIV-1. Active analogs were ranked on the basis of an activity score that integrates three aspects of the SPR data (affinity, residence time, and extent of binding) with antiretroviral activity. The top scoring compounds bound tightly to Nef by SPR, with KD values in the low nM to pM range, and displayed very slow dissociation from their Nef target. These analogs also suppressed HIV-1 replication in donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IC50 values in the 1-10 nM range without cytotoxicity, inhibited Nef-mediated IL-2-inducible tyrosine kinase (Itk) and hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) activation, and rescued MHC-I downregulation in a Nef-transfected T cell line. The development of Nef inhibitors based on the structure-activity relationships defined here has promise as a new approach to antiretroviral therapy that includes a path to eradication of HIV-infected cells via the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Suite 523 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Colin M. Tice
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Lori Emert-Sedlak
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Suite 523 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Suite 523 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Wing Fai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Suite 523 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Marianne Carlsen
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Jay E. Wrobel
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Thomas E. Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Suite 523 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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3
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Pelletier JC, Chen S, Bian H, Shah R, Smith GR, Wrobel JE, Reitz AB. Dipeptide Prodrugs of the Glutamate Modulator Riluzole. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:752-756. [PMID: 30034613 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a prodrug strategy based on the marketed drug riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxybenzothiazole), associated with the benefits of lower patient to patient variability of exposure and potentially once daily oral dosing, as opposed to the large variance and twice daily dosing, which is currently observed with the parent drug. Riluzole is a glutamate modulator that is currently approved by the US FDA to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Riluzole also strongly suppresses the growth of melanoma cells that express the type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (GRM1, mGluR1). Riluzole is a substrate for the variably expressed liver isozyme CYP1A2, which has been shown to contribute to the variance in exposure of riluzole in humans upon oral administration. In addition, an elevated Cmax following oral administration is a probable cause of increased liver enzyme levels in some patients. In order to mitigate these issues, a series of natural and unnatural dipeptide prodrugs of riluzole were prepared as products that bear lower first-pass hepatic clearance. The prodrugs were evaluated for their ability to produce riluzole in serum while remaining intact prior to absorption from the GI tract, characteristic of a type IIB prodrug. Here, we describe dipeptide conjugates of riluzole and report that the t-Bu-Gly-Sar-riluzole analog FC-3423 (6) is absorbed well and converts to riluzole in rats and mice in a regular and well-defined manner. FC-3423 strongly suppress tumor cell growth in mouse xenograft models of melanoma at a molar dose 10-fold less than that of riluzole itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Pelletier
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Suzie Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Haiyan Bian
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Raj Shah
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Garry R. Smith
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Jay E. Wrobel
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
- ALS Biopharma, LLC, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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4
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Abstract
The 1,3-indandione scaffold is an important structural motif used in the preparation of a large number of industrial chemical and pharmaceutical compounds. However, few approaches allow for the direct C2 acylation on these building blocks. A method was developed using DMAP and EDCI, which is mild in reactivity, covers a diverse range of carboxylic acid acylating agents, is compatible with electron releasing and withdrawing substituents on the 1,3-indandione partner, and performs well in a polar aprotic solvent (for solubility reasons) This method cleanly afforded twenty five different products in yields of 32-96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Larsen
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3700 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Robert J Rosano
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3700 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | | | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Jay E Wrobel
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
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5
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Prugar LI, Dye JM, Loughran M, Wrobel JE, Reitz AB, Freedman BD, Harty RN, Herbert AS. Small-molecule probe targeting viral PPxY L-domain inhibits filovirus and arenavirus egress. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.215.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Viral matrix proteins containing a highly conserved PPxY Late (L) domain motif are critical for efficient viral budding of several emerging RNA viruses. The L domain motif functions by recruiting host cell proteins necessary for separation of virus particles from the cell surface during the budding process. The conserved nature of the PPxY motif and its importance for viral egress make it an attractive drug target with potential broad spectrum antiviral activity. Here we describe a PPxY inhibitor capable of reducing viral budding of four highly lethal, category A RNA viruses: Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, and Junín viruses.
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6
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Pelletier JC, Velvadapu V, McDonnell ME, Wrobel JE, Reitz AB. Intramolecular Rearrangement of α-Amino Acid Amide Derivatives of 2-Aminobenzothiazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014; 55:4193-4195. [PMID: 25018567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have found that α-amino acid amide derivatives of 2-aminobenzothiazoles undergo a time-dependent, thermal rearrangement in which the amine group attacks the 2-position carbon of the thiazole ring to form a 5,5-spiro ring system. This is followed by sulfur leaving and air oxidation to the corresponding symmetrical disulfide. The isolated yields of such products are quite high (>70%) if there is conformational bias to further promote the intramolecular reaction such as for the 2-aminobenzothiazole amides derived from proline or 4-aminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid. This rearrangement has not been described previously for α-amino acid amide derivatives of 2-aminobenzothiazoles. However, a related reaction involving 2-semicarbazido benzothiazoles has been recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Pelletier
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA 18902
| | - Venkata Velvadapu
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA 18902
| | - Mark E McDonnell
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA 18902
| | - Jay E Wrobel
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA 18902
| | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., 3805 Old Easton Rd., Doylestown, PA 18902
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7
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Venkatesh M, Wang H, Cayer J, Leroux M, Salvail D, Das B, Wrobel JE, Mani S. In vivo and in vitro characterization of a first-in-class novel azole analog that targets pregnane X receptor activation. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:124-35. [PMID: 21464197 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master regulator of xenobiotic clearance and is implicated in deleterious drug interactions (e.g., acetaminophen hepatotoxicity) and cancer drug resistance. However, small-molecule targeting of this receptor has been difficult; to date, directed synthesis of a relatively specific PXR inhibitor has remained elusive. Here we report the development and characterization of a first-in-class novel azole analog [1-(4-(4-(((2R,4S)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (FLB-12)] that antagonizes the activated state of PXR with limited effects on other related nuclear receptors (i.e., liver X receptor, farnesoid X receptor, estrogen receptor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and mouse constitutive androstane receptor). We investigated the toxicity and PXR antagonist effect of FLB-12 in vivo. Compared with ketoconazole, a prototypical PXR antagonist, FLB-12 is significantly less toxic to hepatocytes. FLB-12 significantly inhibits the PXR-activated loss of righting reflex to 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (Avertin) in vivo, abrogates PXR-mediated resistance to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) in colon cancer cells in vitro, and attenuates PXR-mediated acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in vivo. Thus, relatively selective targeting of PXR by antagonists is feasible and warrants further investigation. This class of agents is suitable for development as chemical probes of PXR function as well as potential PXR-directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukumar Venkatesh
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Hu B, Unwalla RJ, Goljer I, Jetter JW, Quinet EM, Berrodin TJ, Basso MD, Feingold IB, Nilsson AG, Wilhelmsson A, Evans MJ, Wrobel JE. Identification of phenylsulfone-substituted quinoxaline (WYE-672) as a tissue selective liver X-receptor (LXR) agonist. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3296-304. [PMID: 20350005 DOI: 10.1021/jm100034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of phenyl sulfone substituted quinoxaline were prepared and the lead compound 13 (WYE-672) was shown to be a tissue selective LXR Agonist. Compound 13 demonstrated partial agonism for LXRbeta in kidney HEK-293 cells but did not activate Gal4 LXRbeta fusion proteins in huh-7 liver cells. Although 13 showed potent binding affinity to LXRbeta (IC(50) = 53 nM), it had little binding affinity for LXRalpha (IC(50) > 1.0 microM) and did not recruit any coactivator/corepressor peptides in the LXRalpha multiplex assay. However, compound 13 showed good agonism in THP-1 cells with respect to increasing ABCA1 gene expression and good potency on cholesterol efflux in THP-1 foam cells. In an eight-week lesion study in LDLR -/- mice, compound 13 showed reduction of aortic arch lesion progression and no plasma or hepatic triglyceride increase. These results suggest quinoxaline 13 may have an improved biological profile for potential use as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihua Hu
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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9
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Vera MD, Lundquist JT, Chengalvala MV, Cottom JE, Feingold IB, Garrick LM, Green DM, Hauze DB, Mann CW, Mehlmann JF, Rogers JF, Shanno L, Wrobel JE, Pelletier JC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinyl heterocyclic antagonists of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2512-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Lundquist JT, Harnish DC, Kim CY, Mehlmann JF, Unwalla RJ, Phipps KM, Crawley ML, Commons T, Green DM, Xu W, Hum WT, Eta JE, Feingold I, Patel V, Evans MJ, Lai K, Borges-Marcucci L, Mahaney PE, Wrobel JE. Improvement of physiochemical properties of the tetrahydroazepinoindole series of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists: beneficial modulation of lipids in primates. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1774-87. [PMID: 20095622 DOI: 10.1021/jm901650u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop orally active farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, a series of tetrahydroazepinoindoles with appended solubilizing amine functionalities were synthesized. The crystal structure of the previously disclosed FXR agonist, 1 (FXR-450), aided in the design of compounds with tethered solubilizing functionalities designed to reach the solvent cavity around the hFXR receptor. These compounds were soluble in 0.5% methylcellulose/2% Tween-80 in water (MC/T) for oral administration. In vitro and in vivo optimization led to the identification of 14dd and 14cc, which in a dose-dependent fashion regulated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-)) mice. Compound 14cc was dosed in female rhesus monkeys for 4 weeks at 60 mg/kg daily in MC/T vehicle. After 7 days, triglyceride (TG) levels and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) levels were significantly decreased and LDLc was decreased 63%. These data are the first to demonstrate the dramatic lowering of serum LDLc levels by a FXR agonist in primates and supports the potential utility of 14cc in treating dyslipidemia in humans beyond just TG lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Lundquist
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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11
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Pelletier JC, Lundquist JT, Gilbert AM, Alon N, Bex FJ, Bhat BM, Bursavich MG, Coleburn VE, Felix LA, Green DM, Green P, Hauze DB, Kharode YP, Lam HS, Lockhead SR, Magolda RL, Matteo JJ, Mehlmann JF, Milligan C, Murrills RJ, Pirrello J, Selim S, Sharp MC, Unwalla RJ, Vera MD, Wrobel JE, Yaworsky P, Bodine PVN. (1-(4-(Naphthalen-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanamine: A Wingless β-Catenin Agonist That Increases Bone Formation Rate. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6962-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9014197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam M. Gilbert
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Nipa Alon
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | | | | | - Mattew G. Bursavich
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
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12
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Pelletier JC, Chengalvala MV, Cottom JE, Feingold IB, Green DM, Hauze DB, Huselton CA, Jetter JW, Kopf GS, Lundquist JT, Magolda RL, Mann CW, Mehlmann JF, Rogers JF, Shanno LK, Adams WR, Tio CO, Wrobel JE. Discovery of 6-({4-[2-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}methyl)quinoxaline (WAY-207024): An Orally Active Antagonist of the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRH-R). J Med Chem 2009; 52:2148-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801572m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Pelletier
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Murty V. Chengalvala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Joshua E. Cottom
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Irene B. Feingold
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Daniel M. Green
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Diane B. Hauze
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Christine A. Huselton
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - James W. Jetter
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Gregory S. Kopf
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Joseph T. Lundquist
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Ronald L. Magolda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Charles W. Mann
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - John F. Mehlmann
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - John F. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Linda K. Shanno
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - William R. Adams
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Cesario O. Tio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Jay E. Wrobel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Musculoskeletal Biology, and Drug Safety and Metabolism, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
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13
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Fensome A, Adams WR, Adams AL, Berrodin TJ, Cohen J, Huselton C, Illenberger A, Kern JC, Hudak VA, Marella MA, Melenski EG, McComas CC, Mugford CA, Slayden OD, Yudt M, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Winneker RC, Wrobel JE. Design, Synthesis, and SAR of New Pyrrole-Oxindole Progesterone Receptor Modulators Leading to 5-(7-Fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile (WAY-255348). J Med Chem 2008; 51:1861-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701080t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fensome
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - William R. Adams
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Andrea L. Adams
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Tom J. Berrodin
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Jeff Cohen
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Christine Huselton
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Arthur Illenberger
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Jeffrey C. Kern
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Valerie A. Hudak
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Michael A. Marella
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Edward G. Melenski
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Casey C. McComas
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Cheryl A. Mugford
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Ov D. Slayden
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Matthew Yudt
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Puwen Zhang
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Richard C. Winneker
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
| | - Jay E. Wrobel
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Biotransformation Division, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Women’s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, and BioResources, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97005
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14
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Hu B, Jetter JW, Wrobel JE, Antrilli TM, Bauer JS, Di L, Polakowski S, Jain U, Crandall DL. Synthesis and SAR of 2-carboxylic acid indoles as inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3514-8. [PMID: 15982877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized and evaluated a novel series of 2-carboxylic acid indole-based inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Systematic modification of the N-1 position and the 5-position of the indole scaffold resulted in the identification of several compounds that showed good potency against PAI-1 in the spectrophotometric assay. This potency did not always translate to the antibody assay. Solubility and serum protein binding studies on selected analogs revealed that protein binding might be a factor in the poor correlation between the two assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihua Hu
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Progesterone, acting primarily via the progesterone receptor (PR), plays an essential role in the regulation of female reproduction. Steroidal progestins (i.e., PR agonists) are commonly used in women's health, such as in contraception and hormone therapy and for the treatment of gynecological disorders. Recent studies in women and in nonhuman primates also indicate that PR antagonists may have potential applications in contraception and for the treatment of reproductive disorders such as fibroids and endometriosis. Currently, all clinically available PR agonists and antagonists are steroidal compounds. They often cause various side effects due to their functional interactions with other steroid receptors or because of effects associated with their steroidal metabolites. In an effort to identify more receptor-selective and structurally diverse compounds that may render clinical advantages over steroidal PR ligands, numerous receptor-selective novel nonsteroidal PR agonists and antagonists have been discovered. This review focuses on the structure activity relationships and the biological profile of the nonsteroidal PR modulators discovered in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Winneker
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Disorders Division, Women's Health Research Institute, Collegeville, PA 19246, USA.
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16
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Wrobel JE, Ganem B. Total synthesis of (-)-vertinolide. A general approach to chiral tetronic acids and butenolides from allylic alcohols. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00169a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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