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Vukadin L, Park B, Mohamed M, Li H, Elkholy A, Torrelli-Diljohn A, Kim JH, Jeong K, Murphy JM, Harvey CA, Dunlap S, Gehrs L, Lee H, Kim HG, Sah JP, Lee SN, Stanford D, Barrington RA, Foote JB, Sorace AG, Welner RS, Hildreth BE, Lim STS, Ahn EYE. A mouse model of Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim syndrome reveals indispensable SON functions in organ development and hematopoiesis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175053. [PMID: 38290089 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases are underrepresented in biomedical research, leading to insufficient awareness. Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim (ZTTK) syndrome is a rare disease caused by genetic alterations that result in heterozygous loss of function of SON. While patients with ZTTK syndrome live with numerous symptoms, the lack of model organisms hampers our understanding of SON and this complex syndrome. Here, we developed Son haploinsufficiency (Son+/-) mice as a model of ZTTK syndrome and identified the indispensable roles of Son in organ development and hematopoiesis. Son+/- mice recapitulated clinical symptoms of ZTTK syndrome, including growth retardation, cognitive impairment, skeletal abnormalities, and kidney agenesis. Furthermore, we identified hematopoietic abnormalities in Son+/- mice, including leukopenia and immunoglobulin deficiency, similar to those observed in human patients. Surface marker analyses and single-cell transcriptome profiling of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed that Son haploinsufficiency shifted cell fate more toward the myeloid lineage but compromised lymphoid lineage development by reducing genes required for lymphoid and B cell lineage specification. Additionally, Son haploinsufficiency caused inappropriate activation of erythroid genes and impaired erythropoiesis. These findings highlight the importance of the full gene expression of Son in multiple organs. Our model serves as an invaluable research tool for this rare disease and related disorders associated with SON dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vukadin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Bohye Park
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Huashi Li
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Amr Elkholy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Alex Torrelli-Diljohn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Metastasis Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Caitlin A Harvey
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Sophia Dunlap
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Leah Gehrs
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Hyung-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Jay Prakash Sah
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | | | - Denise Stanford
- Department of Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert A Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology and
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Robert S Welner
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Blake E Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
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Sah UK, Sah AK, Ansari M, Chaudhary P, Gupta S, Kumar P, Sah JP. HCV Co-Infection and Its Genotypic Distribution in HIV-Infected Patients in Nepalese Population. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:361. [PMID: 37505657 PMCID: PMC10383334 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) co-infection and its genotypic distribution in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) show global inconsistency. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotypic distribution patterns of HCV, along with viral load, in people living with HIV. This cross-sectional study was conducted at SRL Diagnostics Nepal, Pvt. Ltd. in 203 HIV-seropositive patients attending the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal from October 2021 to May 2022. The viral load and HCV genotypes were estimated from RNA extracted from the blood sample (plasma) of PLHIV by using a standard Q-PCR protocol. HCV infection was considered as a core variable, whereas covariates used for this study were duration of HIV infection, age, sex, and ART regimen. Out of total 203 PLHIV, the estimated prevalence of HCV co-infection was 115 (56.6%). Male gender was a unique characteristic associated with a high prevalence of HCV co-infection compared to females. The HCV viral load among PLHIV ranged from 34 to 3,000,000 IU/mL. Among HCV co-infected PLHIV, 56 (48.69%) had a low level of HCV viral load. Interestingly, only 3 (2.6%) patients had an HCV viral load higher than 3,000,000 IU/mL. Diverse HCV genotypes were found in the population, including genotypes 1, 1a, 3a, 5a, and 6. However, genotype 3 was the most prevalent HCV variant among HCV-co-infected PLHIV, with a distribution of 36 (61.1%) and viral load ranging from 34 to 3000 IU/mL. HCV co-infection is frequent in the Nepalese population of people living with HIV, particularly due to HCV genotypic variant 3. The findings of this study could be useful for the management and clearance of the HCV co-infection in PLHIV, aiming to provide a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kant Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan 333515, India
| | | | - Mehraj Ansari
- Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | | | - Saurav Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan 333515, India
| | - Jay Prakash Sah
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara-30, Kaski 33700, Nepal
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Sah JP, Hao NTT, Han X, Tran TTT, McCarthy S, Oh Y, Yoon JK. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 2 (ENPP2) plays a crucial role in myogenic differentiation through the regulation by WNT/β-Catenin signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 118:105661. [PMID: 31805399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase type II (ENPP2), also known as Autotaxin (ATX), is an enzyme present in blood circulation that converts lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). While LPA has been demonstrated to play diverse roles in skeletal myogenesis, mainly through in vitro studies, the role of ENPP2 in skeletal myogenesis has not been determined. We previously found that Enpp2 is induced by a positive WNT/β-Catenin signaling regulator, R-spondin2 (RSPO2), in C2C12 myoblast cells. As RSPO2 promotes myogenic differentiation via the WNT/β-Catenin signaling pathway, we hypothesized that ENPP2 may act as a key mediator for the crosstalk between WNT and LPA signaling during myogenic differentiation. Herein, we found that ENPP2 function is essential for myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Pharmacological ENPP2 inhibitors or RNAi-mediated Enpp2 gene knockdown severely impaired the myogenic differentiation, including the cell fusion process, whereas administration of the recombinant ENPP2 protein enhanced myogenic differentiation. Consistent with the in vitro results, mice lacking the Enpp2 gene showed a disrupted muscle regeneration after acute muscle injury. The size of newly regenerated myofibers in Enpp2 mutant muscle was significantly reduced compared with wild-type regenerated muscle. Modified expression patterns of myogenic markers in Enpp2 mutant muscle further emphasized the impaired muscle regeneration process. Finally, we convincingly demonstrate that the Enpp2 gene is a direct transcriptional target for WNT/β-Catenin signaling. Functional TCF/LEF1 binding sites within the upstream region of Enpp2 gene were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-β-Catenin antibodies and reporter assay. Our study reveals that ENPP2 is regulated by WNT/β-Catenin signaling and plays a key positive role in myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Sah
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hao
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea
| | - Xianghua Han
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Trinh Thi Tuyet Tran
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea
| | - Sarah McCarthy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Younjeong Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, 31151, South Korea.
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Sah JP, Hao NTT, Kim Y, Eigler T, Tzahor E, Kim SH, Hwang Y, Yoon JK. MBP-FGF2-Immobilized Matrix Maintains Self-Renewal and Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:360-366. [PMID: 30836735 PMCID: PMC6657940 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The robust capacity of skeletal muscle stem cells (SkMSCs, or satellite cells) to regenerate into new muscles in vivo has offered promising therapeutic options for the treatment of degenerative muscle diseases. However, the practical use of SkMSCs to treat muscle diseases is limited, owing to their inability to expand in vitro under defined cultivation conditions without loss of engraftment efficiency. To develop an optimal cultivation condition for SkMSCs, we investigated the behavior of SkMSCs on synthetic maltose-binding protein (MBP)-fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-immobilized matrix in vitro. We found that the chemically well-defined, xeno-free MBP-FGF2-immobilized matrix effectively supports SkMSC growth without reducing their differentiation potential in vitro. Our data highlights the possible application of the MBP-FGF2 matrix for SkMSC expansion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Sah
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hao
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Yunhye Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Tamar Eigler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Korea
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Chaudhary S, Sah JP. Hypercalcemia due to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:182-185. [PMID: 28598460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a rare metabolic disorder associated with hyperparathyroidism, malignancy and various other causes. Although common in adult malignancies, hypercalcemia is rare in pediatrics and purports poor prognosis. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare with no reported hypercalcemic presentation. We present here a case of hypercalcemia in a child of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A 10 year girl presented with backache for 1 month, epistaxis, cough, chest-pain for 1 week alongwith anorexia and weight loss. Investigations revealed anemia and hypercalcemia (23mg/dl; normal range 9-11 mg/dl) with hyperphosphatemia, normal parathyroid levels. Hypercalcemic crisis was managed with saline, furosemide and bisphosphonate. Computed Tomography of paranasal sinuses revealed mass in right nasal cavity. Endoscopic biopsy disclosed undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The child expired despite supportive measures. Thus, hypercalcemia, though rare, may complicate advanced tumors. NPC, being rare in children, requires high index of suspicion with careful clinicoradiological examination and timely management for better chances of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - J P Sah
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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