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Gaayeb L, Sarr JB, Cames C, Pinçon C, Hanon JB, Ndiath MO, Seck M, Herbert F, Sagna AB, Schacht AM, Remoue F, Riveau G, Hermann E. Effects of malnutrition on children's immunity to bacterial antigens in Northern Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:566-73. [PMID: 24445198 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases according to nutritional status, a longitudinal study was conducted in Senegalese children ages 1-9 years old. A linear regression analysis predicted that weight for age was positively associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to tetanus toxoid in children born during the rainy season or at the beginning of the dry season. A relationship between village, time of visits, and levels of antibodies to tetanus showed that environmental factors played a role in modulating humoral immunity to tetanus vaccine over time. Moreover, a whole-blood stimulation assay highlighted that the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to tetanus toxoid was compromised in stunted children. However, the absence of cytokine modulation in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-purified protein derivatives and phytohemagglutinin suggests that the overall ability to produce IFN-γ was preserved in stunted children. Therefore, these results show that nutritional status can specifically alter the efficacy of long-lasting immunity to tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Gaayeb
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL)-U1019 Inserm, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8204 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour la Santé (EPLS), Saint-Louis, Senegal; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI) 233 TransVIHmi, Centre Régional de Recherche et de Formation à la prise en charge Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fann, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Biostatistics, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UMR198 URMITE, Campus International, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Hann, Dakar, Senegal; UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 224, CNRS5290, Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin
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Sagna AB, Gaayeb L, Sarr JB, Senghor S, Poinsignon A, Boutouaba-Combe S, Schacht AM, Hermann E, Faye N, Remoue F, Riveau G. Plasmodium falciparum infection during dry season: IgG responses to Anopheles gambiae salivary gSG6-P1 peptide as sensitive biomarker for malaria risk in Northern Senegal. Malar J 2013; 12:301. [PMID: 23988032 PMCID: PMC3766161 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Northern part of Senegal is characterized by a low and seasonal transmission of malaria. However, some Plasmodium falciparum infections and malaria clinical cases are reported during the dry season. This study aims to assess the relationship between IgG antibody (Ab) responses to gSG6-P1 mosquito salivary peptide and the prevalence of P. falciparum infection in children during the dry season in the Senegal River Valley. The positive association of the Ab response to gSG6-P1, as biomarker of human exposure to Anopheles vector bite, and P. falciparum infectious status (uninfected, infected-asymptomatic or infected-symptomatic) will allow considering this biomarker as a potential indicator of P. falciparum infection risk during the dry season. METHODS Microscopic examination of thick blood smears was performed in 371 and 310 children at the start (January) and at the end (June) of the dry season, respectively, in order to assess the prevalence of P. falciparum infection. Collected sera were used to evaluate IgG response to gSG6-P1 by ELISA. Association between parasitological and clinical data (infected-asymptomatic or infected-symptomatic) and the anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels were evaluated during this period. RESULTS The prevalence of P. falciparum infection was very low to moderate according to the studied period and was higher in January (23.5%) compared to June (3.5%). Specific IgG response was also different between uninfected children and asymptomatic carriers of the parasite. Children with P. falciparum infection in the dry season showed higher IgG Ab levels to gSG6-P1 than uninfected children. CONCLUSIONS The results strengthen the hypothesis that malaria transmission is maintained during the dry season in an area of low and seasonal transmission. The measurement of IgG responses to gSG6-P1 salivary peptide could be a pertinent indicator of human malaria reservoir or infection risk in this particular epidemiological context. This promising immunological marker could be useful for the evaluation of the risk of P. falciparum exposure observed during dry season and, by consequences, could be used for the survey of potential pre-elimination situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Sagna
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé, 269 Route de la corniche, Sor, BP: 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
- Département de Biologie Animale, Laboratoire de parasitologie générale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Lobna Gaayeb
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé, 269 Route de la corniche, Sor, BP: 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
- CIIL, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - Jean B Sarr
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé, 269 Route de la corniche, Sor, BP: 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 224 MIVEGEC, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP: 64501F-34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Senghor
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé, 269 Route de la corniche, Sor, BP: 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Anne Poinsignon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 224 MIVEGEC, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP: 64501F-34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Samy Boutouaba-Combe
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé, 269 Route de la corniche, Sor, BP: 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Anne-Marie Schacht
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé, 269 Route de la corniche, Sor, BP: 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
- CIIL, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Hermann
- CIIL, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France
| | - Ngor Faye
- Département de Biologie Animale, Laboratoire de parasitologie générale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Franck Remoue
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 224 MIVEGEC, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP: 64501F-34394 Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, BP: 4414, Cotonou RP 01, Bénin
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour La Santé, 269 Route de la corniche, Sor, BP: 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
- CIIL, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France
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