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Boljanović J, Milisavljević M, Latas M, Puškaš L, Bogosavljević N, Vujačić M, Aleksandrić D, Ćetković D, Branković N, Dožić A, Ćetković M. Arterial supply and morphological characteristics of sympathetic neurons in the human superior cervical ganglion. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1372180. [PMID: 38511050 PMCID: PMC10950939 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1372180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the micromorphological analysis of the distribution of microvessels, mast cells and ganglionic neurons in two parts, proximal and distal of the human superior cervical sympathetic ganglions (SCSGs). Statistical analyses were applied to detect the possible metric regional differences in their densities. Five injected human SCSGs with colored India ink and gelatin were microdissected and examined. Second group of five human SCSGs was prepared and serially sliced for CD34 and mast cell tryptase immunostaining. The microscopic fields of two parts of the SCSGs were analyzed for the following quantifications: microvessel density (MVD), mast cell density (MCD), and ganglionic cell count and measurements. The mean number of CD34-positive microvessels in microscopic fields, the MVD, had a value of 83 for the upper parts, and 82.7 for the lower parts of SCSGs. The mean number of tryptase-positive mast cells in microscopic fields, the MCD, was 4.5 in the proximal parts, and 4.7 in the distal parts of SCSGs. The mean number of ganglionic neurons in microscopic fields was 19.5 in the proximal parts, and 19.8 in the distal parts of SCSGs. The density of CD34-positive microvessels, the density of tryptase-positive mast cells, and the density, mean diameters and mean areas of ganglionic neurons were not significantly different in two observed parts, upper and lower of the SCSGs. In conclusion, the distributions of microvessels, mast cells, and neurons in two parts of the SCSGs were uniform with no specific micromorphological variations, there is a homogenous vascular and cellular pattern within the SCSGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Boljanović
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Milisavljević
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Serbian Medical Association, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Latas
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Laslo Puškaš
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Bogosavljević
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery “Banjica”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Vujačić
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery “Banjica”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Aleksandrić
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery “Banjica”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Ćetković
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Branković
- Pacemaker Center, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Dožić
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mila Ćetković
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Simić M, Bumbaširević M, Jović D, Bogosavljević N, Vujačić M, Erić D, Boljanović J, Milisavljević M, Dožić A, Ćetković M. Persistent median artery and communicating branch related to the superficial palmar arch. Sci Rep 2024; 14:222. [PMID: 38167619 PMCID: PMC10762056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular surgery, plastic and reconstructive hand surgery, and coronary artery bypass surgery call for a microanatomical study of the branching pattern of the superficial palmar arch (SPA). For the anatomical analysis, we used a group of 20 dissected human hands injected with 4% formaldehyde solution and a 10% mixture of melted gelatin and India ink. The morphometric study was performed on 40 human hands of adult persons injected with methyl-methacrylate fluid into the ulnar and radial arteries simultaneously and afterwards corroded in 40% KOH solution for the preparation of corrosion cast specimens. The mean diameter of the SPA, between the second and third common palmar digital arteries, was 1.86 ± 0.08 mm. We identified the persistent median artery (PMA) in 5% of hands. We distinguished the three main groups of the SPAs according to variations in morphology and branching of the arch: Type 1, the long SPA; Type 2, the middle length SPA; and Type 3, the short SPA found in 27.5% of specimens. The communicating branch (CB), a vessel interconnecting the SPA to the closest branch of the radial artery, is classified into two different morphological groups. The third type of incomplete short arterial arch is the most important of the three groups of SPAs. That short SPA is potentially inadequate for restoring circulation after occlusion or radial artery harvesting for coronary artery bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Simić
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Bumbaširević
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Jović
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nikola Bogosavljević
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Vujačić
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dražan Erić
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Al Emadi Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jelena Boljanović
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Milisavljević
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Serbian Medical Association, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Dožić
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mila Ćetković
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Djukić B, Djukić-Macut N, Djulejić V, Boljanović J, Milić I, Marinković S, Blagojević M. Medullary branches of the vertebral artery: microsurgical anatomy and clinical significance. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023:10.1007/s00701-023-05613-7. [PMID: 37162608 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the medullary arteries are of a great neurologic and neurosurgical significance, the aim was to perform a detailed microanatomic study of these vessels, as well as of the medullary infarctions in a group of patients. METHODS The arteries of 26 halves of the brain stem were injected with India ink and gelatin, microdissected and measured with an ocular micrometer. Neurologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed in 11 patients. RESULTS The perforating medullary arteries, averaging 6.7 in number and 0.26 mm in diameter, most often originated from the anterior spinal artery (ASA), and rarely from the vertebral (VA) (38.5%) and the basilar artery (BA) (11.6%). They supplied the medial medullary region. The anterolateral arteries, 4.8 in number and 0.2 mm in size, most often arose from the ASA and PerfAs, and nourished the anterolateral region. The lateral arteries, 2.2 in number and 0.31 mm in diameter, usually originated from the VA and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). They supplied the lateral medullary region. The dorsal arteries, which mainly arose from the PICA and the posterior spinal artery (PSA), nourished the dorsal region, including the roof of the 4th ventricle. The anastomotic channels, averaging 0.3 mm in size, were noted in 42.3%. Among the medullary infarctions, the lateral ones were most frequently present (72.8%). CONCLUSION The obtained anatomic data, which can explain the medullary infarctions symptomatology, are also important in order to avoid damage to the medullary arteries during neurosurgical and neuroradiologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Djukić
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Djukić-Macut
- Seat in Mitrovica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Vuk Djulejić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotić, 4/2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Boljanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotić, 4/2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Marinković
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotić, 4/2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Miloš Blagojević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Milosavljević A, Jančić J, Mirčić A, Dožić A, Boljanović J, Milisavljević M, Ćetković M. Morphological and functional characteristics of satellite glial cells in the peripheral nervous system. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 80:745-755. [PMID: 33330971 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Satellite glial cells are specialized cells that form a functional perineuronal sheath around sensory ganglion neurons. There are a large number of studies that reveal the morphological and functional characteristics of these cells. Satellite glial cells have been studied both in intact ganglions and in tissue cultures, using light and transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemical and other methods. Satellite glial cells have polygonal form; they are mononuclear and have developed synthetic organelles, numerous receptors, adhesion molecules and ion channels, which enable them to interact with adjacent neurons, as well as transmit signals in the ganglions of the peripheral nervous system. Based on the literature data, satellite glial cells thanks to their characteristics can receive signals from other cells and react to changes in their surroundings. Previous studies have investigated the potential role of satellite glial cells in the formation of the blood-nervous tissue barrier of the peripheral nervous system, as well as in the neuropathic pain genesis. Some recent discoveries support the fact that satellite glial cells can participate in controlling of local viral infections and protecting pseudounipolar neurons from mentioned infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Milosavljević
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Jančić
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Mirčić
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Dožić
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Boljanović
- Laboratory for Vascular Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Milisavljević
- Laboratory for Vascular Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Ćetković
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Milić I, Milić M, Djorić I, Marinković I, Boljanović J, Marinković S. Spondylocostal Dysostosis Associated with Split Spinal Cord and Other Malformations. Pediatr Neurosurg 2019; 54:367-374. [PMID: 31597143 DOI: 10.1159/000503089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spondylocostal dysostosis is a very rare combination of complex vertebra and rib malformations, accompanied occasionally by other disorders. A 3-year-old girl presented kyphoscoliosis, foot deformities, gate disturbance, and urinary incontinence. The CT and MRI examination revealed kyphosis and scoliosis with a double curve, some absent, broadened, bifurcating and fused ribs, hemivertebrae, butterfly and cleft vertebrae in thoracic and lumbar region, sporadic cleft or absent vertebral arches or pedicles, and hypoplastic sacrum with a cleft of the S2 vertebra. Spina bifida occulta extended from T10 to T11, and from L3 to the end of the sacrum. Two hemicords, separated by a bony septum and surrounded by their own dural tubes (type I), were present from the level of T9 to the conus medullaris. Filum terminale was thick and duplicated. Syringomyelia was present in the thoracic cord from T5 to T8. Finally, a small meningocele was seen at the T10-T11 level, and a subcutaneous lipoma in the thoracolumbar region. To our knowledge, such a combination of vertebra, rib, and cord malformations, including the mentioned additional disorders, has never been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Milić
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Milić
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Djorić
- Department of Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Marinković
- Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jelena Boljanović
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Marinković
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
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Ilić M, Milisavljević M, Maliković A, Laketić D, Erić D, Boljanović J, Dožić A, Štimec BV, Manojlovic R. The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery: a corrosion cast study. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2018; 77:649-655. [PMID: 29611162 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2018.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical procedures such as thenar flaps and radial artery (RA) harvesting call for an elaborate anatomical study of the RA's superficial palmar branch (SPB). The aim of this study was to describe the branching pattern of this vessel related to the morphometric characteristics and variations of this artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty 4% formalin solution-injected hands were dissected. For the morphometric study we used another group of 35 human hands of adult persons, injected with methyl methacrylate fluid into the ulnar and radial arteries. As soon as polymerisation was completed, a 40% solution of potassium hydroxide was applied for corrosion. The vascular arterial casts were examined under the stereoscopic microscope and precise drawings of each specimen were made. RESULTS In the majority of cases (75%) SPB passed superficially, over the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The mean diameter of the SPB, very variable depending on its length and field of supply, was 1.52 ± 0.49 mm, ranging from 0.8 to 2.7 mm. Developed SPB type, was present in 31.4% of hands, with the diameter of 1.7 mm and larger (mean 1.95 mm), continuing distally to become the radialis indicis artery, with an average calibre of 1.2 mm, and with important branches to the thumb. In most hands (68.6%), the hypoplastic SPB, was present, with a mean diameter of 1.17 mm, and the field of supply within the thenar area. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the SPB dominance and existence of anastomotic vessels in its field of supply are of importance to avoid the risk of possible ischaemic sequelae in the hand associated with harvesting the RA.
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Marinković S, Milić I, Djorić I, Brigante L, Miljatović A, Puškaš L, Kapor S, Boljanović J. Morphometric multislice computed tomography examination of the craniovertebral junction in neck flexion and extension. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2016; 76:100-109. [PMID: 27830891 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2016.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed study of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is necessary to completely understand the mechanism of its flexion and extension. MATERIALS AND METHODS One cadaver head was sectioned in the sagittal plane. Also, in 22 volunteers, examined using the multislice computed tomography (MSCT), 14 parameters and 2 angles were measured in the neutral position, flexion and extension. RESULTS The obtained measurements showed the anterior part of the occiput to move inferiorly in flexion, and the anterior atlas arch and the tip of the dens to get closer to the basion. At the same time, the opisthion moves superiorly, but the cervical spine bends anteriorly. Consequently, the dens-opisthion diameter and the opisthion-posterior atlas arch distance slightly decrease in length, whilst the arches of the atlas (C1), axis (C2) and C3 vertebra become more distant. Following extension, the posterior part of the occiput moves inferiorly, so that the basion-dens tip, the basion-axis arch, and the basion-posterior atlas arch distances increase in length. In contrast, the distances of the C1-C3 arches decrease in length. The angle between the foramen magnum and the dens tip decreases 1.620 on average in flexion, but increases 3.230 on average in extension. The angle between the axis body and the opisthion also decreases in flexion (mean, 3.360) and increases in extension (mean, 6.570). Among the congenital anomalies, a partial agenesis of the posterior atlas arch was revealed (4.5%), as well as an anterior dehiscence of the C1 foramen transversarium (13.6%). CONCLUSIONS The mentioned measurements improved our understanding of the CVJ biomechanics. The obtained data can be useful in the evaluation of the CVJ instability caused by trauma, congenital anomalies and certain spine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marinković
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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