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Nguyen LC, Yang D, Nicolaescu V, Best TJ, Gula H, Saxena D, Gabbard JD, Chen SN, Ohtsuki T, Friesen JB, Drayman N, Mohamed A, Dann C, Silva D, Robinson-Mailman L, Valdespino A, Stock L, Suárez E, Jones KA, Azizi SA, Demarco JK, Severson WE, Anderson CD, Millis JM, Dickinson BC, Tay S, Oakes SA, Pauli GF, Palmer KE, Meltzer DO, Randall G, Rosner MR. Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through induction of the host ER stress and innate immune responses. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabi6110. [PMID: 35050692 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for new treatments. Here we report that cannabidiol (CBD) inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cells and mice. CBD and its metabolite 7-OH-CBD, but not THC or other congeneric cannabinoids tested, potently block SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung epithelial cells. CBD acts after viral entry, inhibiting viral gene expression and reversing many effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host gene transcription. CBD inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in part by up-regulating the host IRE1α RNase endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and interferon signaling pathways. In matched groups of human patients from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative, CBD (100 mg/ml oral solution per medical records) had a significant negative association with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests. This study highlights CBD as a potential preventative agent for early-stage SARS-CoV-2 infection and merits future clinical trials. We caution against use of non-medical formulations including edibles, inhalants or topicals as a preventative or treatment therapy at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chi Nguyen
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dongbo Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vlad Nicolaescu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas J Best
- Center for Health and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Haley Gula
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Divyasha Saxena
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
| | - Jon D Gabbard
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John Brent Friesen
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nir Drayman
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Adil Mohamed
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher Dann
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Diane Silva
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Andrea Valdespino
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Letícia Stock
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eva Suárez
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Krysten A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer K Demarco
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
| | - William E Severson
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
| | - Charles D Anderson
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
| | | | - Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Savaş Tay
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Scott A Oakes
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
| | - David O Meltzer
- Center for Health and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Huang R, Urban MW, Demarco JK, Huston J, Brinjikji W, Macedo TA, Dailey EJ, Hagen ME, Pellikka PA, Mulvagh SL. P6473Is carotid plaque shear wave elastography a marker of plaque vulnerability? Association with cardiovascular events and duration of statin therapy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Huang
- Mayo Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Department, Rochester, United States of America
| | - M W Urban
- Mayo Clinic, Radiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - J K Demarco
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Radiology, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - J Huston
- Mayo Clinic, Radiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - W Brinjikji
- Mayo Clinic, Radiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - T A Macedo
- Mayo Clinic, Radiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - E J Dailey
- Mayo Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Department, Rochester, United States of America
| | - M E Hagen
- Mayo Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Department, Rochester, United States of America
| | - P A Pellikka
- Mayo Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Department, Rochester, United States of America
| | - S L Mulvagh
- Mayo Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Department, Rochester, United States of America
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Demarco JK, Ota H, Underhill HR, Zhu DC, Reeves MJ, Potchen MJ, Majid A, Collar A, Talsma JA, Potru S, Oikawa M, Dong L, Zhao X, Yarnykh VL, Yuan C. MR carotid plaque imaging and contrast-enhanced MR angiography identifies lesions associated with recent ipsilateral thromboembolic symptoms: an in vivo study at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1395-402. [PMID: 20651015 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent research has suggested the importance of plaque composition to identify patients at risk for stroke. This study aims to identify specific plaque features on 3T carotid MR imaging and CE-MRA associated with recent carotid thromboembolic symptoms in patients with mild/moderate versus severe stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-seven consecutive patients (symptomatic, 13; asymptomatic, 84) with 50%-99% stenosis by sonography or CT angiography underwent carotid plaque imaging combined with MRA at 3T. The symptomatic carotid artery or the most stenotic asymptomatic carotid artery was chosen as the index vessel to be analyzed. Plaque features were compared by symptomatic status in patients with mild/moderate (30%-70%) versus severe (70%-99%) stenosis on MRA. RESULTS Ninety (92.8%) patients had sufficient image quality for interpretation. In 50 patients with mild/moderate stenosis, there were significant associations between the presence of the following plaque characteristics and symptoms: thin/ruptured fibrous cap (100% versus 36%, P = .006) and lipid-rich necrotic core (100% versus 39%, P = .022), with marginal association with hemorrhage (86% versus 33%, P = .055). In 40 patients with severe stenosis, only the angiographic presence of ulceration (86% versus 36%, P = .039) was associated with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Several plaque components identified on 3T MR imaging are correlated with recent ipsilateral carotid thromboembolic symptoms. These preliminary results also suggest that associations between plaque characteristics and symptom history may vary by degree of stenosis. If confirmed in larger studies, carotid MR imaging may distinguish stable from unstable lesions, particularly in individuals with mild/moderate stenosis in whom the role of surgical intervention is currently unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Demarco
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of carotid plaque has undergone significant improvements in the last decade. Early studies utilizing ex vivo specimens and spin-echo or fast spin-echo imaging led to the conclusion that T2 weighting is the best single contrast to characterize carotid plaque morphology. On these images, the fibrous plaque appears bright and the lipid core is dark; thrombus can have variable intensity. There can be an overlap in T2-weighted signal intensities among the various plaque components, which can be partially offset by the use of multispectral analysis of multiple contrast images. With improvements in coil design, sequence design, and main field and gradient capabilities, accurate in vivo differentiation and measurement of these various carotid plaque components should be possible in 3 to 5 years. Ex vivo and in vivo studies have yielded high-resolution measurements of the complex three-dimensional lumen geometry, which are being used to predict hemodynamic forces acting on the lumenal surface. Carotid plaque burden can be accurately measured in vivo today; ongoing longitudinal studies should lead to a better understanding of the relationship between plaque burden and the risk of thromboembolic complications, as well as the effect of diet and drug therapy in hyperlipidemic patients. With these developments in place or soon to be available, MRI of the diseased carotid artery wall may prove to be even more important than magnetic resonance angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Demarco
- University Radiology Group, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Laurie Imaging Center, New Brunswick 08901, USA
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