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Bovijn J, Jackson L, Censin J, Chen CY, Laisk T, Laber S, Ferreira T, Pulit SL, Glastonbury CA, Smoller JW, Harrison JW, Ruth KS, Beaumont RN, Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Weedon MN, Mägi R, Neale B, Lindgren CM, Murray A, Holmes MV. GWAS Identifies Risk Locus for Erectile Dysfunction and Implicates Hypothalamic Neurobiology and Diabetes in Etiology. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:157-163. [PMID: 30583798 PMCID: PMC6323625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting more than 20% of men over 60 years, yet little is known about its genetic architecture. We performed a genome-wide association study of ED in 6,175 case subjects among 223,805 European men and identified one locus at 6q16.3 (lead variant rs57989773, OR 1.20 per C-allele; p = 5.71 × 10−14), located between MCHR2 and SIM1. In silico analysis suggests SIM1 to confer ED risk through hypothalamic dysregulation. Mendelian randomization provides evidence that genetic risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a cause of ED (OR 1.11 per 1-log unit higher risk of type 2 diabetes). These findings provide insights into the biological underpinnings and the causes of ED and may help prioritize the development of future therapies for this common disorder.
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Thomsen SK, Raimondo A, Hastoy B, Sengupta S, Dai XQ, Bautista A, Censin J, Payne AJ, Umapathysivam MM, Spigelman AF, Barrett A, Groves CJ, Beer NL, Manning Fox JE, McCarthy MI, Clark A, Mahajan A, Rorsman P, MacDonald PE, Gloyn AL. Type 2 diabetes risk alleles in PAM impact insulin release from human pancreatic β-cells. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1122-1131. [PMID: 30054598 PMCID: PMC6237273 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underpinning susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain poorly understood. Coding variants in peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) are associated with both T2D risk and insulinogenic index. Here, we demonstrate that the T2D risk alleles impact negatively on overall PAM activity via defects in expression and catalytic function. PAM deficiency results in reduced insulin content and altered dynamics of insulin secretion in a human β-cell model and primary islets from cadaveric donors. Thus, our results demonstrate a role for PAM in β-cell function, and establish molecular mechanisms for T2D risk alleles at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren K. Thomsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Raimondo
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shahana Sengupta
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Xiao-Qing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jenny Censin
- Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony J. Payne
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Amy Barrett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J. Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola L. Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jocelyn E. Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Clark
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK,Corresponding author: Anna L. Gloyn, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, +441865857219,
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