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Shi G, Scott H, Azhar NIFM, Gialeli A, Clennell B, Lee KS, Hurcombe J, Whitcomb D, Coward R, Wong LF, Cordero-Llana O, Uney JB. AZD5438 a GSK-3a/b and CDK inhibitor is antiapoptotic modulates mitochondrial activity and protects human neurons from mitochondrial toxins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8334. [PMID: 37221196 PMCID: PMC10205901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that kenpaullone, which inhibits GSK-3a/b and CDKs inhibited CCCP mediated mitochondrial depolarisation and augments the mitochondrial network. To investigate the actions of this class of drug further, we compared the ability of kenpaullone, alsterpaullone, 1-azakenapaullone, AZD5438, AT7519 (CDK and GSK-3a/b inhibitors) and dexpramipexole and olesoxime (mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors) to prevent CCCP mediated mitochondrial depolarisation and found that AZD5438 and AT7519, were the most effective. Furthermore, treatment with AZD5438 alone increased the complexity of the mitochondrial network. We also found that AZD5438 prevented the rotenone induced decrease in PGC-1alpha and TOM20 levels and that it mediated powerful anti-apoptotic effects and promoted glycolytic respiration. Importantly, experiments in human iPSC derived cortical and midbrain neurons showed AZD5438 mediated significant protective effects, preventing the neuronal cell death, and collapse in the neurite and mitochondrial network associated with rotenone treatment. These results suggest drugs that target GSK-3a/b and CDKs should be developed and assessed further as they may have significant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyu Shi
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Scott
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Andriana Gialeli
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin Clennell
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Keng Siang Lee
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jenny Hurcombe
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Daniel Whitcomb
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Coward
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Liang-Fong Wong
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oscar Cordero-Llana
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James B Uney
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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Prasad R, Hadjidemetriou I, Maharaj A, Meimaridou E, Buonocore F, Saleem M, Hurcombe J, Bierzynska A, Barbagelata E, Bergadá I, Cassinelli H, Das U, Krone R, Hacihamdioglu B, Sari E, Yesilkaya E, Storr HL, Clemente M, Fernandez-Cancio M, Camats N, Ram N, Achermann JC, Van Veldhoven PP, Guasti L, Braslavsky D, Guran T, Metherell LA. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase mutations cause primary adrenal insufficiency and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:942-953. [PMID: 28165343 PMCID: PMC5330744 DOI: 10.1172/jci90171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary adrenal insufficiency is life threatening and can present alone or in combination with other comorbidities. Here, we have described a primary adrenal insufficiency syndrome and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1). SGPL1 executes the final decisive step of the sphingolipid breakdown pathway, mediating the irreversible cleavage of the lipid-signaling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Mutations in other upstream components of the pathway lead to harmful accumulation of lysosomal sphingolipid species, which are associated with a series of conditions known as the sphingolipidoses. In this work, we have identified 4 different homozygous mutations, c.665G>A (p.R222Q), c.1633_1635delTTC (p.F545del), c.261+1G>A (p.S65Rfs*6), and c.7dupA (p.S3Kfs*11), in 5 families with the condition. In total, 8 patients were investigated, some of whom also manifested other features, including ichthyosis, primary hypothyroidism, neurological symptoms, and cryptorchidism. Sgpl1-/- mice recapitulated the main characteristics of the human disease with abnormal adrenal and renal morphology. Sgpl1-/- mice displayed disrupted adrenocortical zonation and defective expression of steroidogenic enzymes as well as renal histology in keeping with a glomerular phenotype. In summary, we have identified SGPL1 mutations in humans that perhaps represent a distinct multisystemic disorder of sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Hadjidemetriou
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Meimaridou
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moin Saleem
- Children’s and Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Hurcombe
- Children’s and Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Children’s and Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eliana Barbagelata
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutiérrez,” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. Cesar Bergadá” (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutiérrez,” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hamilton Cassinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. Cesar Bergadá” (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutiérrez,” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Urmi Das
- Alderhey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - GOSgene
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The center is detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments
| | - Ruth Krone
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bulent Hacihamdioglu
- Health Sciences University, Suleymaniye Maternity and Children’s Training and Research Hospital, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sari
- Gulhane Military Medical School Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ediz Yesilkaya
- Gulhane Military Medical School Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helen L. Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Clemente
- Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Fernandez-Cancio
- Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Camats
- Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nanik Ram
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. Cesar Bergadá” (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutiérrez,” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tulay Guran
- Marmara University, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Louise A. Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
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Hale LJ, Hurcombe J, Lay A, Santamaría B, Valverde AM, Saleem MA, Mathieson PW, Welsh GI, Coward RJ. Insulin directly stimulates VEGF-A production in the glomerular podocyte. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F182-8. [PMID: 23698113 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00548.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are critically important for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and preventing albuminuria. Recently, it has become clear that to achieve this, they need to be insulin sensitive and produce an optimal amount of VEGF-A. In other tissues, insulin has been shown to regulate VEGF-A release, but this has not been previously examined in the podocyte. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, in the present study, we now show that insulin regulates VEGF-A in the podocyte in both mice and humans via the insulin receptor (IR). Insulin directly increased VEGF-A mRNA levels and protein production in conditionally immortalized wild-type human and murine podocytes. Furthermore, when podocytes were rendered insulin resistant in vitro (using stable short hairpin RNA knockdown of the IR) or in vivo (using transgenic podocyte-specific IR knockout mice), podocyte VEGF-A production was impaired. Importantly, in vivo, this occurs before the development of any podocyte damage due to podocyte insulin resistance. Modulation of VEGF-A by insulin in the podocyte may be another important factor in the development of glomerular disease associated with conditions in which insulin signaling to the podocyte is deranged.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Hale
- Academic and Children's Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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