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Sheehy C, Lawson H, Andriamasy EH, Russell HJ, Reid A, Raderalazasoa GU, Dodge G, Kornitschky R, Penney JMS, Ranaivoson TN, Andrianiaina A, Emmanoela JS, Bustinduy AL, Stothard JR, Andrianjaka L, Spencer SA. Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in pre-school aged children: a pilot survey in Marolambo District, Madagascar. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:87. [PMID: 34172089 PMCID: PMC8235251 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
School-aged children (SAC) have a considerable burden of intestinal schistosomiasis in Madagascar yet its burden in pre-school aged children (PSAC) is currently overlooked. To assess the at-risk status of PSAC, we undertook a pilot epidemiological survey in June 2019 examining children (n = 89), aged 2–4-years of balanced gender, in six remote villages in Marolambo District, Madagascar. Diagnosis included use of urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks and coproscopy of stool with duplicate Kato-Katz (K-K) thick smears. Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis by urine-CCA was 67.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.5–77.2%) and 35.0% (95% CI: 24.7–46.5%) by K-K. The relationship between faecal eggs per gram (epg) and urine-CCA G-scores (G1 to G10) was assessed by linear regression modelling, finding for every increment in G-score, epg increased by 20.4 (6.50–34.4, P = 0.006). Observed proportions of faecal epg intensities were light (78.6%), moderate (17.9%) and heavy (3.6%). Soil-transmitted helminthiasis was noted, prevalence of ascariasis was 18.8% and trichuriasis was 33.8% (hookworm was not reported). Co-infection of intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis occurred in 36.3% of PSAC. These results provide solid evidence highlighting the overlooked burden of intestinal schistosomiasis in PSAC, and they also offer technical guidance for better surveillance data for the Madagascan national control programme. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Sheehy
- The University of Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | | | | | - Hannah J Russell
- The University of Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Alice Reid
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - Graham Dodge
- Department of Imaging, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Brighton, BN2 5BA, UK
| | - Robbie Kornitschky
- The University of Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - James M StJ Penney
- The University of Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | | | - Antsa Andrianiaina
- Faculté de Médecine, Université D'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Jenny S Emmanoela
- Faculté de Médecine, Université D'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Amaya L Bustinduy
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Russell Stothard
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - Stephen A Spencer
- The University of Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.,Postgraduate Medical Centre, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK
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