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Tamargo-Gómez I, Martínez-García GG, Suárez MF, Mayoral P, Bretones G, Astudillo A, Prieto-Lloret J, Sveen C, Fueyo A, Engedal N, López-Otín C, Mariño G. Analysis of ATG4C function in vivo. Autophagy 2023; 19:2912-2933. [PMID: 37459465 PMCID: PMC10549197 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2234799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ATG4 (autophagy related 4 cysteine peptidase); ATG4A (autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase); ATG4B (autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase); ATG4C (autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase); ATG4D (autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase); Atg8 (autophagy related 8); GABARAP (GABA type A receptor-associated protein); GABARAPL1(GABA type A receptor-associated protein like 1); GABARAPL2 (GABA type A receptor-associated protein like 2); MAP1LC3A/LC3A (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha); MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta); mATG8 (mammalian Atg8); PE (phosphatidylethanolamine); PS (phosphatydylserine); SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Tamargo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma G. Martínez-García
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María F. Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Mayoral
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabriel Bretones
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Biobanco Del Principado de Asturias (BBPA_ISPA_IUOPA), Registro Nacional de Biobancos PT20/161, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto-Lloret
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Christina Sveen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Norway
| | - Antonio Fueyo
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Norway
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Valverde-Pérez E, Prieto-Lloret J, Gonzalez-Obeso E, Cabero MI, Nieto ML, Pablos MI, Obeso A, Gomez-Niño A, Cárdaba-García RM, Rocher A, Olea E. Effects of Gestational Intermittent Hypoxia on Placental Morphology and Fetal Development in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1427:73-81. [PMID: 37322337 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32371-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy is characterized by episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, resulting in adverse health outcomes for mother and offspring. Despite a prevalence of 8-20% in pregnant women, this disorder is often underdiagnosed.We have developed a murine model of gestational OSA to study IH effects on pregnant mothers, placentas, fetuses, and offspring. One group of pregnant rats was exposed to IH during the last 2 weeks of gestation (GIH). One day before the delivery date, a cesarean section was performed. Other group of pregnant rats was allowed to give birth at term to study offspring's evolution.Preliminary results showed no significant weight differences in mothers and fetuses. However, the weight of GIH male offspring was significantly lower than the controls at 14 days (p < 0.01). The morphological study of the placentas showed an increase in fetal capillary branching, expansion of maternal blood spaces, and number of cells of the external trophectoderm in the tissues from GIH-exposed mothers. Additionally, the placentas from the experimental males were enlarged (p < 0.05). Further studies are needed to follow the long-term evolution of these changes to relate the histological findings of the placentas with functional development of the offspring in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Valverde-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto-Lloret
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elvira Gonzalez-Obeso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María I Cabero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria L Nieto
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta I Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Obeso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Niño
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética, Histología y Farmacología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Cárdaba-García
- Departamento de Enfermería, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados Enfermeros (GICE), Facultad de Enfermeria, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Asunción Rocher
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
- Departamento de Enfermería, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados Enfermeros (GICE), Facultad de Enfermeria, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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Valverde-Pérez E, Olea E, Obeso A, Prieto-Lloret J, Rocher A, Gonzalez-Obeso E. Intermittent Hypoxia and Diet-Induced Obesity on the Intestinal Wall Morphology in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1427:89-97. [PMID: 37322339 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32371-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work analyzes the impact of two conditions, intermittent hypoxia exposure and high-fat diet in rats as models of sleep apnea. We studied the autonomic activity and histological structure of the rat jejunum and whether the overlapping of both conditions, as often observed in patients, induces more deleterious effects on the intestinal barrier. We found alterations in jejunum wall histology, predominantly in HF rats, based on increased crypt depth and submucosal thickness, as well as decreased muscularis propria thickness. These alterations were maintained with the IH and HF overlap. An increase in the number and size of goblet cells in the villi and crypts and the infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the lamina propria suggest an inflammatory status, confirmed by the increase in plasma CRP levels in all experimental groups. Regarding the CAs analysis, IH, alone or combined with HF, causes a preferential accumulation of NE in the catecholaminergic nerve fibers of the jejunum. In contrast, serotonin increases in all three experimental conditions, with the highest level in the HF group. It remains to be elucidated whether the alterations found in the present work could affect the permeability of the intestinal barrier, promoting sleep apnea-induced morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Valverde-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Olea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermeria, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Obeso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto-Lloret
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Asunción Rocher
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Elvira Gonzalez-Obeso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), UVa-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Ferrer E, Peinado VI, Castañeda J, Prieto-Lloret J, Olea E, González-Martín MC, Vega-Agapito MV, Díez M, Domínguez-Fandos D, Obeso A, González C, Barberà JA. Effects of cigarette smoke and hypoxia on pulmonary circulation in the guinea pig. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:617-27. [PMID: 21310874 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) and chronic hypoxia (CH) can produce pulmonary hypertension. Similarities and differences between both exposures and their interaction have not been explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of CS and CH, as single factors or in combination, on the pulmonary circulation in the guinea pig. 51 guinea pigs were exposed to CS for 12 weeks and 32 were sham-exposed. 50% of the animals in each group were additionally exposed to CH for the final 2 weeks. We measured pulmonary artery pressure (P(pa)), and the weight ratio between the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle plus the septum. Pulmonary artery contractility in response to noradrenaline (NA), endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and distensibility were evaluated in organ bath chambers. The number of small intrapulmonary vessels showing immunoreactivity to smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and double elastic laminas was assessed microscopically. CS and CH induced similar increases of P(pa) and RV hypertrophy (p<0.05 for both), effects that were further enhanced when both factors were combined. CH increased the contractility to NA (p<0.01) and reduced the distensibility (p<0.05) of pulmonary arteries. Animals exposed to CS showed an increased number of small vessels with positive immunoreactivity to SM α-actin (p<0.01) and those exposed to CH a greater proportion of vessels with double elastic laminas (p<0.05). We conclude that CH amplifies the detrimental effects of CS on the pulmonary circulation by altering the mechanical properties of pulmonary arteries and enhancing the remodelling of pulmonary arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferrer
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Prieto-Lloret J, Donnelly DF, Rico AJ, Moratalla R, González C, Rigual RJ. Hypoxia transduction by carotid body chemoreceptors in mice lacking dopamine D(2) receptors. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 103:1269-75. [PMID: 17673562 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00391.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced dopamine (DA) release from carotid body (CB) glomus cells and activation of postsynaptic D(2) receptors have been proposed to play an important role in the neurotransmission process between the glomus cells and afferent nerve endings. To better resolve the role of D(2) receptors, we examined afferent nerve activity, catecholamine content and release, and ventilation of genetically engineered mice lacking D(2) receptors (D(2)(-/-) mice). Single-unit afferent nerve activities of D(2)(-/-) mice in vitro were significantly reduced by 45% and 25% compared with wild-type (WT) mice during superfusion with saline equilibrated with mild hypoxia (Po(2) approximately 50 Torr) or severe hypoxia (Po(2) approximately 20 Torr), respectively. Catecholamine release in D(2)(-/-) mice was enhanced by 125% in mild hypoxia and 75% in severe hypoxia compared with WT mice, and the rate of rise was increased in D(2)(-/-) mice. We conclude that CB transduction of hypoxia is still present in D(2)(-/-) mice, but the response magnitude is reduced. However, the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia is maintained, perhaps because of an enhanced processing of chemoreceptor input by brain stem respiratory nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prieto-Lloret
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM) Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Facultad de Medicina, C/Ramón y Cajal, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Posadas I, Vellecco V, Santos P, Prieto-Lloret J, Ceña V. Acetaminophen potentiates staurosporine-induced death in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:577-85. [PMID: 17245372 PMCID: PMC2189768 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumour in infants characterized by a high resistance to apoptosis. Recently, the cyclo-oxygenase pathway has been considered a potential target in the treatment of different kinds of tumours. The aim of the present work was to investigate a possible relationship between cyclo-oxygenase pathway and stauroporine-induced apoptosis in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cellular viability was measured by release of LDH. DNA fragmentation was visualized by electrophoresis on agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. Cyclo-oxygenase activity was measured in microsomal fractions obtained from cells by quantification of its final product PGE2 by RIA. Caspase-3 activity was measured fluorimetrically and Western blot analysis was performed to assess cytochrome c expression. KEY RESULTS We have found that staurosporine (500 nM) induced cellular death in a time-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Cyclo-oxygenase enzymatic activity was present in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells under basal conditions and pharmacological experiments using COX inhibitors indicate that cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-3 are the active isoforms in these cells. Co-incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with staurosporine (500 nM) and acetaminophen for 24 h potentiated staurosporine-mediated cellular death in a concentration-dependent manner. This process is mediated by an increase in cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation and is prevented by N-acetylcysteine or the superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTBAP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Acetaminophen potentiates staurosporine-mediated neuroblastoma cell death. The mechanism of action of acetaminophen seems to be related to production of reactive oxygen species and decreased intracellular glutathione levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Posadas
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, UCLM-CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Avda. de Almansa, Albacete, Spain
| | - V Vellecco
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, University of Napoli via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - P Santos
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, UCLM-CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Avda. de Almansa, Albacete, Spain
| | - J Prieto-Lloret
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, UCLM-CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Avda. de Almansa, Albacete, Spain
| | - V Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, UCLM-CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Avda. de Almansa, Albacete, Spain
- Author for correspondence:
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Rico AJ, Fernandez SP, Prieto-Lloret J, Gomez-Niño A, Gonzalez C, Rigual R. A comparative study of the hypoxic secretory response between neonatal adrenal medulla and adult carotid body from the rat. Adv Exp Med Biol 2006; 580:131-5; discussion 351-9. [PMID: 16683709 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-31311-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Rico
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/(IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid/(CSIC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid
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Rico AJ, Prieto-Lloret J, Gonzalez C, Rigual R. Hypoxia and acidosis increase the secretion of catecholamines in the neonatal rat adrenal medulla: an in vitro study. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289:C1417-25. [PMID: 16093283 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00023.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia elicits catecholamine (CA) secretion from the adrenal medulla (AM) in perinatal animals by acting directly on chromaffin cells. However, whether innervation of the AM, which in the rat occurs in the second postnatal week, suppresses this direct hypoxic response is the subject of debate. Opioid peptides have been proposed as mediators of this suppression. To resolve these controversies, we have compared CA-secretory responses with high external concentrations of K+ ([K+]e) and hypoxia in the AM of neonatal (1- to 2-day-old) and juvenile (14- or 15- and 30-day-old) rats subjected to superfusion in vitro. In addition, we studied the effect of hypercapnic acidosis on the CA-secretory responses in the AM during postnatal development and the possible interaction between acidic and hypoxic stimuli. Responses to high [K+]e were comparable at all ages, but responses to hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis were maximal in neonatal animals. Suppression of the hypoxic response in the rat AM was not mediated by opioids, because their agonists did not affect the hypoxic CA response. The association of hypercapnic acidosis and hypoxia, mimicking the episodes of asphyxia occurring during delivery, generates a more than additive secretory response in the neonatal rat AM. Our data confirm the loss of the direct sensitivity to hypoxia of the AM in the initial weeks of life and demonstrate a direct response of neonatal AM to hypercapnic acidosis. The synergistic effect of hypoxia and acidosis would explain the CA outburst crucial for adaptation to extrauterine life observed in naturally delivered mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rico
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM Universidad de Valladolid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Facultad de Medicina, Calle Ramón y Cajal, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Rico AJ, Prieto-Lloret J, Donnelly DF, De Felipe C, Gonzalez C, Rigual R. The use of NK-1 receptor null mice to assess the significance of substance P in the carotid body function. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004; 536:327-36. [PMID: 14635685 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9280-2_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Rico
- Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/(IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid (CSIC), Facultad de Medicina, Valladolid, Spain
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Prieto-Lloret J, Caceres AI, Obeso A, Rocher A, Rigual R, Agapito MT, Bustamante R, Castañeda J, Perez-Garcia MT, Lopez-Lopez JR, Gonzalez C. Ventilatory responses and carotid body function in adult rats perinatally exposed to hyperoxia. J Physiol 2004; 554:126-44. [PMID: 14678497 PMCID: PMC1664733 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia increases the release of neurotransmitters from chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body (CB) and the activity in the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) sensory fibers, elevating ventilatory drive. According to previous reports, perinatal hyperoxia causes CSN hypotrophy and varied diminishment of CB function and the hypoxic ventilatory response. The present study aimed to characterize the presumptive hyperoxic damage. Hyperoxic rats were born and reared for 28 days in 55%-60% O2; subsequent growth (to 3.5-4.5 months) was in a normal atmosphere. Hyperoxic and control rats (born and reared in a normal atmosphere) responded with a similar increase in ventilatory frequency to hypoxia and hypercapnia. In comparison with the controls, hyperoxic CBs showed (1) half the size, but comparable percentage area positive to tyrosine hydroxylase (chemoreceptor cells) in histological sections; (2) a twofold increase in dopamine (DA) concentration, but a 50% reduction in DA synthesis rate; (3) a 75% reduction in hypoxia-evoked DA release, but normal high [K+]0-evoked release; (4) a 75% reduction in the number of hypoxia-sensitive CSN fibers (although responding units displayed a nearly normal hypoxic response); and (5) a smaller percentage of chemoreceptor cells that increased [Ca2+]1 in hypoxia, although responses were within the normal range. We conclude that perinatal hyperoxia causes atrophy of the CB-CSN complex, resulting in a smaller number of chemoreceptor cells and fibers. Additionally, hyperoxia damages O2-sensing, but not exocytotic, machinery in most surviving chemoreceptor cells. Although hyperoxic CBs contain substantially smaller numbers of chemoreceptor cells/sensory fibers responsive to hypoxia they appear sufficient to evoke normal increases in ventilatory frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prieto-Lloret
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Facultad de Medicina, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Prieto-Lloret J, Caceres AI, Rigual R, Obeso A, Rocher A, Bustamante R, Castañeda J, López-López JR, Perez-Garcia T, Agapito T, González C. Effects of Perinatal Hyperoxia on Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Activity in Vitro. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 536:517-24. [PMID: 14635707 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9280-2_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Prieto-Lloret
- Dept. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/(IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid/(CSIC), Facultad de Medicina, Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been suggested to modulate secretion either behaving as a Ca2+ sink or as a Ca2+ source in neuronal cells. Working as a Ca2+ sink, through ER-Ca2+ pumping, it may reduce secretion induced by different stimuli. Instead, working as a Ca2+ source through the Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release (CICR) phenomenon, it may potentiate secretion triggered by activation of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. We have previously demonstrated the presence of CICR in bovine chromaffin cells, but we now find that mouse chromaffin cells almost lack functional caffeine-sensitive ryanodine receptors in the ER and, consistently, no CICR from the ER could be observed. In addition, inhibition of ER Ca2+ pumping with ciclopiazonic acid or thapsigargin strongly stimulated high-K+-evoked catecholamine secretion and cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c) transients. Surprisingly, 5 mm caffeine reduced high-K+-induced [Ca2+]c peaks but considerably potentiated secretion induced by high-K+ stimulation. However, this potentiation was insensitive to ryanodine and additive to that induced by emptying the ER of Ca2+ with thapsigargin, suggesting that it is unrelated to the activation of ryanodine receptors. We conclude that, in mouse chromaffin cells, CICR is not functional and the ER strongly inhibits secretion by acting as a damper of the [Ca2+]c signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rigual
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-47005 Valladolid, Spain
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