1
|
Gupta Y, Goicoechea S, Pearce CM, Mathur R, Romero JG, Kwofie SK, Weyenberg MC, Daravath B, Sharma N, Poonam, Akala HM, Kanzok SM, Durvasula R, Rathi B, Kempaiah P. The emerging paradigm of calcium homeostasis as a new therapeutic target for protozoan parasites. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:56-82. [PMID: 33851452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium channels (CCs), a group of ubiquitously expressed membrane proteins, are involved in many pathophysiological processes of protozoan parasites. Our understanding of CCs in cell signaling, organelle function, cellular homeostasis, and cell cycle control has led to improved insights into their structure and functions. In this article, we discuss CCs characteristics of five major protozoan parasites Plasmodium, Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Trypanosoma, and Cryptosporidium. We provide a comprehensive review of current antiparasitic drugs and the potential of using CCs as new therapeutic targets. Interestingly, previous studies have demonstrated that human CC modulators can kill or sensitize parasites to antiparasitic drugs. Still, none of the parasite CCs, pumps, or transporters has been validated as drug targets. Information for this review draws from extensive data mining of genome sequences, chemical library screenings, and drug design studies. Parasitic resistance to currently approved therapeutics is a serious and emerging threat to both disease control and management efforts. In this article, we suggest that the disruption of calcium homeostasis may be an effective approach to develop new anti-parasite drug candidates and reduce parasite resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Gupta
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Steven Goicoechea
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine M Pearce
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raman Mathur
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesus G Romero
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel K Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Matthew C Weyenberg
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bharathi Daravath
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Stefan M Kanzok
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Isturiz D, Mata A, Romero JG. Partial Characterization of the Inactivation Process of the Human Erythrocyte Mechano-Activated K+ Channel a (HEMKCA): Effect of Membrane Potential, Ca2+ and Rb+. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
4
|
Romero LO, Mata D, Gutierrez A, Romero JG. The Human Erythrocyte Mechano Activated K + Channel A (HEMKCA) a Partial Characterization of Conductance, Selectivity and Open Probability. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
10
|
Herrera IM, González EP, Romero JG. [Soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber in raw and cooked legumes]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1998; 48:179-82. [PMID: 9830497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Soluble (SDF), Insoluble (IDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) were analysed in 26 samples of the following legumes: Peas (Pisum sativum L) coated and uncoated; beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L), beans (Vigna sinesis L), chick peas (Cicer arietinum L), lentils (Lens culinaris L) and pigeon peas (Cajanus indicus L) raw and cooked, purchased at wholesale level. The AOAC enzimatic-gravimetric method (1990) was used. The cooked grains were drained and dried before analysis. Values for TDF in the raw legumes were 13.6 and 28.9% in chick peas and white beans respectively. In processed grains, values varied from 16.1 and 27.0% in yellow peas uncoated and black beans respectively. As expected the values for IDF were greater in all samples than those for SDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Nutrición, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Because of its size, high levels of expression, and unusual detergent stability, the small K+ channel from Streptomyces lividans (SKC1) is considered to be an ideal candidate for detailed structural analysis. In this paper, we have used planar lipid bilayers and radiotracer uptake experiments to study purified and reconstituted SKC1, in an attempt to develop a bulk assay for its functional characterization. In channels reconstituted into liposomes with external pH 3.5 and intravesicular pH 7.5, a time-dependent SKC1-catalyzed 86Rb+ uptake was observed. This cationic influx was blocked by Ba2+ ions with a Ki (external) of 0.4 mM and was shown to have the following selectivity sequence: K+ > Rb+ > NH4+ >> Na+ > Li+. In experiments with external pH 7.5 or in liposomes containing no channels, no 86Rb+ uptake was detected. When SKC1 was incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, we failed to observe significant single-channel activity at neutral pH but detected frequent multiple-channel openings a pH < 5.0. These results indicate that under these experimental conditions SKC1 behaves as a pH-gated K+ channel in which protonation of one or more residues promotes channel opening. At acidic pH and symmetrical 200 mM KCl solutions, SKC1 showed numerous brief openings with a main single-channel conductance of 135 pS and a subconductance state of 70 pS. Channel open probability showed a slight voltage dependence, with higher activities observed at negative potentials, a fact which may suggest that the protonation site lies within the transmembrane electrical field. Attempts to determine the pKa of channel activation were obscured by intrinsic limitations of the 86Rb+ flux assay. However, it appears to be lower than pH 4.0. Limited proteolysis experiments demonstrated that SKC1 reconstitutes vectorially, almost exclusively in the right-side-out configuration, indicating that the protonation site responsible for channel opening is located at the extracellular face of the channel. These results point toward a potentially novel gating mechanism for SKC1 and open the possibility of using transmembrane-driven radiotracer influx experiments as a reliable bulk functional assay for reconstituted SKC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Cuello
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
We cloned DNA fragments of sisomicin-producing Micromonospora inyoensis into Streptomyces plasmid vectors and identified Streptomyces lividans TK24 transformants expressing the M. inyoensis sisomicin-resistance (sisA) gene. The sisA gene was compared to the previously reported Micromonospora purpurea Kan-Gen (kanamycin-gentamicin)-resistance gene. While the restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of the two determinants appear to be divergent, the genes are nonetheless closely related, based on similar patterns and levels of aminoglycoside-resistance and their ability to cross-hybridize under stringent conditions. We have transformed recombinant plasmid pMD5-2, which carries the sisA gene, into our M. purpurea gentamicin-production strain and determined that gentamicin biosynthesis was not improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Goldberg
- Department of Microbiological and Cell Culture Development, Schering Corporation, Union, NJ 07083
| | | | | |
Collapse
|