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He JZ, Duval V, Jauslin P, Gonçalves A, Abegesah A, Fan C, Lim K, Song X, Chen C, Shi X, Mann H, Krug L, Ren S, Phipps A, Gibbs M, Zhou D. Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analysis for the CTLA-4 Inhibitor Tremelimumab in Metastatic NSCLC Patients in the Phase III POSEIDON Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:1375-1386. [PMID: 37777827 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of CTLA-4 by tremelimumab combined with anti-PD-L1 durvalumab and chemotherapy provided increased antitumor activity and long-term survival benefits in first-line metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) in the phase III POSEIDON study. We performed population pharmacokinetic modeling for tremelimumab using data from 1,605 patients across 6 studies (including POSEIDON) in multiple tumors (lung cancer, bladder cancer, malignant mesothelioma, and other solid tumors), and identified a 2-compartment model with linear and time-varying clearance for tremelimumab. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to 326 patients with mNSCLC from POSEIDON to evaluate the association between exposure metrics and efficacy end points, adjusting for baseline prognostic covariates. Improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the tremelimumab arm (in combination with durvalumab and chemotherapy) was associated with higher tremelimumab exposure (e.g., minimum concentration at 5th dose (Cmin,dose5 ) and area under the curve at 5th dose (AUCdose5 )). However, further case-matching analyses yielded hazard ratios for the comparison of tremelimumab-treated patients in the Cmin,dose5 quartile 1 (Q1) subgroup with matched chemotherapy-treated patients of 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-1.44) for OS and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.72-1.36) for PFS, suggesting that the observed apparent exposure-response relationship might be confounded. No relationship between tremelimumab exposure and safety (grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events [AEs], AEs of special interest, or discontinuation due to AEs) was identified. These results support the consistent benefit observed with tremelimumab 75 mg every 3 weeks for up to 5 doses in combination with durvalumab and chemotherapy in POSEIDON as first-line therapy for mNSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Zhijian He
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent Duval
- Certara, Integrated Drug Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Jauslin
- Certara, Integrated Drug Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Aburough Abegesah
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunling Fan
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - KyoungSoo Lim
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuyang Song
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Cecil Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Oncology R&D, Late-Stage Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen Mann
- Oncology Biometrics, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee Krug
- Oncology R&D, Late-Stage Development, AstraZeneca, New York, New York, USA
| | - Song Ren
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Phipps
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan Gibbs
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diansong Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lim K, Abegesah A, Fan C, He JZ, Song X, Chen C, Negro A, Makowsky M, Gupta C, Ren S, Phipps A, Gibbs M, Zhou D. Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analysis of Tremelimumab 300 mg Single Dose Combined with Durvalumab 1500 mg Q4W (STRIDE) in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63:1221-1231. [PMID: 37300457 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel single-dose regimen of 300 mg tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab (STRIDE) has demonstrated a favorable benefit-risk profile in the phase 1/2 Study 22 trial (in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, uHCC) and in the phase 3 HIMALAYA study. The current analysis evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of tremelimumab and durvalumab, and the exposure-response (ER) relationship for efficacy and safety of STRIDE in patients with uHCC. Previous PopPK models for tremelimumab and durvalumab were updated using data from previous studies in various cancers combined with data from Study 22 and HIMALAYA. Typical population mean parameters and associated inter- and intra-individual variability were assessed, as was the influence of covariates. Individual exposure metrics were derived from the individual empirical Bayes estimates as drivers for ER analysis related to efficacy and safety from HIMALAYA. The observed pharmacokinetics of tremelimumab in uHCC were well described by a 2-compartment model with both linear and time-dependent clearance. All identified covariates changed tremelimumab PK parameters by <25%, and thus had minimal clinical relevance; similar results were obtained from durvalumab PopPK analysis. None of tremelimumab or durvalumab exposure metrics were significantly associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), or adverse events. Baseline aspartate aminotransferase and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were associated with OS (P < .001) by the Cox proportional hazards model. No covariate was identified as a significant factor for PFS. No dose adjustment for tremelimumab or durvalumab is needed based on PopPK covariate analyses or ER analyses. Our findings support the novel STRIDE dosing regimen in patients with uHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyoungSoo Lim
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aburough Abegesah
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chunling Fan
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jimmy Zhijian He
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Xuyang Song
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Cecil Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alejandra Negro
- Clinical Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mallory Makowsky
- Clinical Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Charu Gupta
- Oncology Biometrics, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Song Ren
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alex Phipps
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan Gibbs
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Diansong Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
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He JZ, Wang H, Lim K, Ren S, Rollins F, Vallaster M, Wong R, Stebbings R, Standifer N, Keefe R, Phipps A, Gibbs M. A Consideration of Fixed Dosing Versus Body Size-Based Dosing Strategies for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:1130-1135. [PMID: 36094760 PMCID: PMC9826131 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Zhijian He
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative PharmacologyBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Hechuan Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative PharmacologyBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - KyoungSoo Lim
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative PharmacologyBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Song Ren
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative PharmacologyBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Fred Rollins
- Competitive Intelligence and AnalysisOncology R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Markus Vallaster
- Clinical DevelopmentCell Therapies and Immuno‐Oncology, AstraZenecaWalthamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ryan Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Richard Stebbings
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Nathan Standifer
- Integrated BioanalysisClinical Pharmacology and Safety SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert Keefe
- CMC DevelopmentCell Therapy, Oncology R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Alex Phipps
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative PharmacologyBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Megan Gibbs
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative PharmacologyBiopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
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He JZ, Xu YF, Lei XZ. [Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus pgRNA for deciding antiviral therapy discontinuation in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:970-975. [PMID: 36299191 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20210305-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical significance of hepatitis B pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) for deciding antiviral therapy discontinuation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: Data of patients with CHB who were treated with long-term antiviral therapy in the Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2019 to December 2019 were collected. Drug discontinuity after evaluation of high-sensitivity HBV DNA and HBV pgRNA (HBV DNA ≤20 IU/ml and HBV pgRNA<150 copies/ml) was observed. The prospective observational study on 91 patients with HBeAg-negative CHB was conducted. The clinical conditions were followed up 3, 6 and 12 months after the drug discontinuation. The relationship between HBV pgRNA and relapse after drug discontinuation was analyzed. Results: From observation to 12 months after drug discontinuation, a total of 34 patients (37.4%) had developed recurrence and resumed antiviral therapy, and the cumulative recurrence rate within 12 months of drug discontinuation was 46.8%. Among the relapsed patients, 14 (41.2%) had biochemical breakthroughs, and all achieved good biochemical and virological responses after the resumption of antiviral therapy. The Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the level of HBV pgRNA before drug discontinuation and the type of antiviral drugs taken were associated with recurrence after drug discontinuation. The risk of recurrence after drug withdrawal in the HBV pgRNA ≤50 copies/ml group was 2.316 times higher than that in the HBV pgRNA negative group (HR=2.316, 95%CI: 1.047-5.126, P=0.038). The risk of recurrence after drug withdrawal in the HBV pgRNA >50 copies/ml group was 3.45 times higher than that in the HBV pgRNA negative group (HR=3.450, 95%CI: 1.338-8.892, P=0.010). Conclusion: HBV pgRNA can be used to predict the risk of recurrence after antiviral therapy discontinuation in patients with CHB. Patients with negative serum HBV pgRNA before drug discontinuation have a relatively low risk of relapse after drug discontinuation, and drug discontinuation is not recommended for patients with HBV pgRNA >50 copies/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z He
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y F Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Z Lei
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Luo XG, Liu N, He JZ. Optimum analysis of a Brownian refrigerator. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:022139. [PMID: 23496491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.022139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A Brownian refrigerator with the cold and hot reservoirs alternating along a space coordinate is established. The heat flux couples with the movement of the Brownian particles due to an external force in the spatially asymmetric but periodic potential. After using the Arrhenius factor to describe the behaviors of the forward and backward jumps of the particles, the expressions for coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling rate are derived analytically. Then, through maximizing the product of conversion efficiency and heat flux flowing out, a new upper bound only depending on the temperature ratio of the cold and hot reservoirs is found numerically in the reversible situation, and it is a little larger than the so-called Curzon and Ahlborn COP ε(CA)=(1/√[1-τ])-1. After considering the irreversible factor owing to the kinetic energy change of the moving particles, we find the optimized COP is smaller than ε(CA) and the external force even does negative work on the Brownian particles when they jump from a cold to hot reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Luo
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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Xu MS, Xu JB, Xue K, An J, He JZ, Wilson IH. Variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy study on copper phthalocyanine ultrathin films on a Au(111) surface. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2002; 2:139-142. [PMID: 12908299 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2002.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Variable-temperature high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images reveal that well-ordered copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) strips can be self-assembled by depositing CuPc molecules on a Au(111) surface. The self-assembled strips are supposed to result from the balance of the intermolecular interaction and the interaction between the molecules and substrate during annealing. The energy band (approximately 1.9-2.1 eV) of CuPc, measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), is comparable to the optical band gap (approximately 1.7 eV). Spectroscopic measurements confirm that a dipole layer and/or an effect of image force exist at the CuPc/Au(111) interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Abstract
The effect of several organic acids on phosphate adsorption by acidic soils in subtropical zone of central China was studied. Results showed: (1) citrate and oxalate remarkably reduced the amount of phosphate adsorption, but tartrate, benzoate and acetate had only a very slight influence on phosphate adsorption; (2) the ability of citrate in reducing phosphate adsorption was greater than that of oxalate, moreover, the reduction percentage was dependent on the concentration of organic ligands in the solution; (3) the effect of organic acids on phosphate adsorption was related to the pH value of organic acid solution. The minimum reduction in adsorption of phosphate was present at a specific pH value of organic acid solution which ranged from 2 to 10; (4) a minimum reduction of phosphate adsorption occurred when phosphate was added to the soils before organic acid, whereas a maximum occurred when organic acid was introduced before the addition of phosphate. Meanwhile, the treatment for the mixture of two organic acids resulted in more reduction in phosphate adsorption than each of the organic acids and less than the total of them. Based on these observations, we suggested that the competition between phosphate and organic acids relied on their relatively affinity to soil mineral surface at different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Hu
- Department of Resources, Environment and Agrochemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhang XQ, He JZ. [An investigation on the prevalence an treatment of ancylostomiasis in Jin Zhou area (author's transl)]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1981; 15:103-4. [PMID: 7307809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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