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He Z, Gharaibeh RZ, Newsome RC, Pope JL, Dougherty MW, Tomkovich S, Pons B, Mirey G, Vignard J, Hendrixson DR, Jobin C. Campylobacter jejuni promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through the action of cytolethal distending toxin. Gut 2019; 68:289-300. [PMID: 30377189 PMCID: PMC6352414 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Campylobacter jejuni produces a genotoxin, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which has DNAse activity and causes DNA double-strand breaks. Although C. jejuni infection has been shown to promote intestinal inflammation, the impact of this bacterium on carcinogenesis has never been examined. DESIGN Germ-free (GF) ApcMin/+ mice, fed with 1% dextran sulfate sodium, were used to test tumorigenesis potential of CDT-producing C. jejuni. Cells and enteroids were exposed to bacterial lysates to determine DNA damage capacity via γH2AX immunofluorescence, comet assay and cell cycle assay. To examine the interplay of CDT-producing C. jejuni, gut microbiome and host in tumorigenesis, colonic RNA-sequencing and faecal 16S rDNA sequencing were performed. Rapamycin was administrated to investigate the prevention of CDT-producing C. jejuni-induced tumorigenesis. RESULTS GF ApcMin/+ mice colonised with human clinical isolate C. jejuni81-176 developed significantly more and larger tumours when compared with uninfected mice. C. jejuni with a mutated cdtB subunit, mutcdtB, attenuated C. jejuni-induced tumorigenesis in vivo and decreased DNA damage response in cells and enteroids. C. jejuni infection induced expression of hundreds of colonic genes, with 22 genes dependent on the presence of cdtB. The C. jejuni-infected group had a significantly different microbial gene expression profile compared with the mutcdtB group as shown by metatranscriptomic data, and different microbial communities as measured by 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, rapamycin could diminish the tumorigenic capability of C. jejuni. CONCLUSION Human clinical isolate C. jejuni 81-176 promotes colorectal cancer and induces changes in microbial composition and transcriptomic responses, a process dependent on CDT production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel C Newsome
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jllian L Pope
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Sarah Tomkovich
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benoit Pons
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gladys Mirey
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David R Hendrixson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Pope JL. Crystallization of sodium taurocholate. J Lipid Res 1967; 8:146-7. [PMID: 14564722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Success in crystallizing sodium taurocholate from ethanol by the addition of ether is critically dependent on the water content of the system. Two crystalline forms of sodium taurocholate were obtained with melting points of 180 degrees C and 225-235 degrees C respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Pope
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA
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