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Simões-Henriques C, Mateus-Pinheiro M, Gaspar R, Pinheiro H, Mendes Duarte J, Baptista FI, Canas PM, Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Cunha RA, Ambrósio AF, Gomes CA. Microglia cytoarchitecture in the brain of adenosine A 2A receptor knockout mice: Brain region and sex specificities. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:1377-1387. [PMID: 31454441 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia cells exert a critical role in brain development, mainly supported by their immune functions, which predicts an impact on the genesis of psychiatric disorders. In fact, microglia stress during gestation is, for instance, associated with chronic anxiety and cognitive deficits accompanied by long-lasting, region- and sex-specific changes in microglia morphology. We recently reported that the pattern of microglia morphologic plasticity, which is sex-determined, impacts on anxious-like behaviour and cognition. We also reported that the pharmacologic blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2 A R) is able to reshape microglia morphology, in a sex-specific manner and with behavioural sequelae. In order to better understand the role of A2 A R in the sex differentiation of microglia, we now compared their morphology in wild-type and A2 A R knockout male and female C57BL/6 mice in two cardinal brain regions implicated in anxiety-like behaviour and cognition, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the dorsal hippocampus (dHIP). We report interregional differences between PFC and dHIP in a sex-specific manner: while males presented more complex microglia in the dHIP, microglia from females had a more complex morphology in the PFC. Surprisingly, the genetic deletion of A2 A R did not alter these sex differences, but promoted the exclusive remodelling (increase in complexity) in PFC microglia from females. These findings further support the existence of a heterogeneous microglial network, distinct between sexes and brain regions, and help characterizing the role of A2 A R in the sex- and brain region-specific morphologic differentiation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Simões-Henriques
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mateus-Pinheiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Gaspar
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Pinheiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Mendes Duarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa I Baptista
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alberto Fontes-Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina A Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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De Vries LCS, Duarte JM, De Krijger M, Welting O, Van Hamersveld PHP, Van Leeuwen-Hilbers FWM, Moerland PD, Jongejan A, D'Haens GR, De Jonge WJ, Wildenberg ME. A JAK1 Selective Kinase Inhibitor and Tofacitinib Affect Macrophage Activation and Function. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:647-660. [PMID: 30668755 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinases (JAKs) mediate cytokine signaling involved in inflammatory bowel disease. The pan-JAK inhibitor tofacitinib has shown efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. However, concerns regarding adverse events due to their wide spectrum inhibition fueled efforts to develop selective JAK inhibitors. Given the crucial role of myeloid cells in intestinal immune homeostasis, we evaluated the effect of pan-JAK and selective JAK inhibitors on pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization and function (M1/M2) and in experimental colitis. METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages or human monocytes were treated using JAK1 and JAK3 selective inhibitors (JAK1i;JAK3i) and tofacitinib and were evaluated by transcriptional, functional, and metabolic analyses. In vivo, oral administration of JAK1i and tofacitinib (10 or 30 mg/kg) was tested in both acute and acute rescue dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. RESULTS Both tofacitinib and JAK1i but not JAK3i effectively inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation and interferon gamma-induced transcripts in M1 polarized macrophages. Strikingly, transcriptional profiling suggested a switch from M1 to M2 type macrophages, which was supported by increased protein expression of M2-associated markers. In addition, both inhibitors enhanced oxidative phosphorylation rates. In vivo, JAK1i and tofacitinib did not protect mice from acute DSS-induced colitis but ameliorated recovery from weight loss and disease activity during acute rescue DSS-induced colitis at the highest dose. CONCLUSION JAK1i and tofacitinib but not JAK3i induce phenotypical and functional characteristics of anti-inflammatory macrophages, suggesting JAK1 as the main effector pathway for tofacitinib in these cells. In vivo, JAK1i and tofacitinib modestly affect acute rescue DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C S De Vries
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M Duarte
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M De Krijger
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - O Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P H P Van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - P D Moerland
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Jongejan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G R D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J De Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Duarte JM, Gaspar R, Caetano L, Patrício P, Soares-Cunha C, Mateus-Pinheiro A, Alves ND, Santos AR, Ferreira SG, Sardinha V, Oliveira JF, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Sousa N, Cunha RA, Ambrósio AF, Pinto L, Rodrigues AJ, Gomes CA. Region-specific control of microglia by adenosine A2A
receptors: uncoupling anxiety and associated cognitive deficits in female rats. Glia 2018; 67:182-192. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Mendes Duarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB); University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Rita Gaspar
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB); University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Liliana Caetano
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Vanessa Sardinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - João Filipe Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - António F. Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB); University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães; Portugal
| | - Catarina A. Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
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Snoek SA, Dhawan S, van Bree SH, Cailotto C, van Diest SA, Duarte JM, Stanisor OI, Hilbers FW, Nijhuis L, Koeman A, van den Wijngaard RM, Zuurbier CJ, Boeckxstaens GE, de Jonge WJ. Mast cells trigger epithelial barrier dysfunction, bacterial translocation and postoperative ileus in a mouse model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:172-84, e91. [PMID: 22122661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal surgery involving bowel manipulation commonly results in inflammation of the bowel wall, which leads to impaired intestinal motility and postoperative ileus (POI). Mast cells have shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of POI in mouse models and human studies. We studied whether mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of POI by eliciting intestinal barrier dysfunction. METHODS C57BL/6 mice, and two mast cell-deficient mutant mice Kit(W/W-v) , and Kit(W-sh/W-sh) underwent laparotomy (L) or manipulation of the small bowel (IM). Postoperative inflammatory infiltrates and cytokine production were assessed. Epithelial barrier function was determined in Ussing chambers, by measuring transport of luminal particles to the vena mesenterica, and by assessing bacterial translocation. KEY RESULTS In WT mice, IM resulted in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, and neutrophil extravasation to the manipulated bowel wall. This response to IM was reduced in mast cell-deficient mice. IM caused epithelial barrier dysfunction in WT mice, but not in the two mast cell-deficient strains. IM resulted in a decrease in mean arterial pressure in both WT and mast cell-deficient mice, indicating that impaired barrier function was not explained by tissue hypoperfusion, but involved mast cell mediators. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Mast cell activation during abdominal surgery causes epithelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation of the muscularis externa of the bowel. The impairment of the epithelial barrier likely contributes to the pathogenesis of POI. Our data further underscore that mast cells are bona fide cellular targets to ameliorate POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Snoek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Abstract
Neurotrauma is a major public health problem. The incidence varies from 67 to 317 per 100,000 and mortality rates are in the range of near 1% for minor injury, 18% for mild injury, and 48% for severe head injury. It is the main cause of death and disability in people under 40 years old. Several problems appear when outcome measurements, rehabilitation programs and treatment options are considered. In order to solve these problems a worldwide campaign is outlined. It focuses on epidemiology, prevention, education, treatment, rehabilitation, social re-insertion, and outcome measurements. The goals of such a program are to take into account realities in both developed and developing countries, to develop worldwide acceptable programs and guidelines, and to test those guidelines and programs and diminish mortality and morbidity, improving quality of life. We describe the concept of Centers of Excellence and an educational program, Advanced Brain Life Support. Such a program is a moral obligation because mortality and morbidity tend to decrease in Centers of Excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Basso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buenos Aires University Hospital, Ayacucho 1342, Buenos Aires 1111, Argentina
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6
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Bechara GH, Szabó MP, Duarte JM, Matushima ER, Pereira MC, Rechav Y, Keirans JE, Fielden LJ. Ticks associated with wild animals in the Nhecolândia Pantanal, Brazil. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 916:289-97. [PMID: 11193635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study of ticks associated with wild animals was carried out from September 1996 to April 1998 at the Fazenda Alegria (21,000 ha), in the Nhecolândia Pantanal, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, a sunken plain bordering the upper Paraguay river, located 19 x 08'S; 56 x 46'W. A total of 81 wild animals (13 species, 6 orders) were captured with the aid of nets, and ticks were found on 63 (78%). Tick species identified included Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), Amblyomma cajennense (F.), A. parvum (Aragão), A pseudoconcolor (Aragão), A. scalpturatum (Neumann), A. nodosum (Neumann), A. ovale (Koch), and A. tigrinum (Koch). Dragging from grasslands (campos) yielded negative results compared to the high concentration of ticks, mainly nymphs, that were collected from leaves in the forests (capão). Predominance of immature instars (Amblyomma genera) was observed in the end of winter (August-September). Ticks were associated mainly with coatis, deer (Mazama gouazoubira) and anteater, and these animals may play a role in the epidemiology of tick-transmitted pathogens in the Pantanal if one considers their co-existence with local domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Bechara
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 14.870-Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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Szabó MP, Matushima ER, Pereira MD, Werther K, Duarte JM. Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) infestation in quarantined marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) populations. J Zoo Wildl Med 2000; 31:576-7. [PMID: 11428409 DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0576:cfcfii]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) were captured for a research program in Brazil and maintained in quarantine stations. After 60 days, fleas were detected on animals and identified as Ctenocephalides felis felis. Elimination of the infestation was difficult. Animal treatment with a fipronil-based compound was effective, and subsequently captured animals were treated prophylactically. Some animals remained infested, and some died from the infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Szabó
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agràrias e Veterinàrias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
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8
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Pereira MDC, Szabó MP, Bechara GH, Matushima ER, Duarte JM, Rechav Y, Fielden L, Keirans JE. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with wild animals in the Pantanal region of Brazil. J Med Entomol 2000; 37:979-983. [PMID: 11126563 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the identification of ticks from wild animals of the Pantanal region in Brazil as part of a comprehensive study about established and emerging tick-host relationships and related pathological aspects. Eighty-one animals were captured (representing 13 species, six orders), and ticks were found on 63 (78%). Tick species identified included Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), Amblyomma cajennense (F.), Amblyomma parvum Aragão, Amblyomma pseudoconcolor Aragão, Amblyomma scalpturatum Neumann, Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, Amblyomma ovale Koch, and Amblyomma tigrinum Koch. Dragging from grasslands yielded negative results compared with the high concentration of ticks that were collected from leaves in the forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de C Pereira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo-SP-CEP-05508-900, Brazil
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9
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Abstract
A potentially new thermotolerant B. licheniformis strain (code name I89), producer of an antibiotic active against Gram-positive bacteria, was genetically characterized and compared with the type strain B. licheniformis ATCC 10716, producer of bacitracin. Studies on DNA base composition (G + C content) and DNA reassociation revealed that the two strains show around 76% homology. Nevertheless, results obtained by rRNA hybridization, with a heterologous probe coding for most of the 16S region of the rRNA operon of Bacillus subtilis, revealed differences in the number of copies for that gene and in the hybridization pattern. Additionally, a different restriction digestion pattern was obtained when DNA was digested with the enzymes NotI, SmaI and analyzed by PFGE. The I89 strain holds a 7.6-kb plasmid not present in the reference strain. The existence of various unique restriction sites and also the stability of this plasmid make it ideal for the future development of a cloning and expression vector.
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MESH Headings
- Bacillus/genetics
- Bacillus/growth & development
- Bacillus/isolation & purification
- Base Composition
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Microbial
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
- Hot Temperature
- Metals, Heavy/pharmacology
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Plasmids/genetics
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mendo
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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Abstract
A survey for antibodies against Brucella abortus, and Leptospira interrogans was conducted on 17 pampas deer (Ozotocerus bezoarticus) from Pantanal Matogrossense (State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) and on 24 pampas deer from Parque Nacional de Emas (State of Goiás, Brazil). Antibodies against B. abortus were detected by plate agglutination, rose Bengal, and complement fixation tests; antibodies against Leptospira interrogans were detected by the microscopic agglutination test. All sera were negative for B. abortus antibodies and all deer sera from Parque Nacional de Emas were negative for L. interrogans antibodies. Four (24%) of 17 sera from Pantanal Matogrossense were positive for L. interrogans serovar (n = 2) hardjo, wolffi (n = 1) and mini (n = 1). While these diseases do not appear to be of major importance to the health status of Pampas deer, it appears that deer are reservoir for leptospirosis in one of the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mathias
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva-FCAVJ-Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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González S, Maldonado JE, Leonard JA, Vilà C, Duarte JM, Merino M, Brum-Zorrilla N, Wayne RK. Conservation genetics of the endangered Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). Mol Ecol 1998; 7:47-56. [PMID: 9465416 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus L. 1758) is the most endangered neotropical cervid, and in the past occupied a wide range of open habitats including grassland, pampas, savanna, and cerrado (Brazil) from 5 degrees to 41 degrees S. To better understand the effect of habitat fragmentation on gene flow and genetic variation, and to uncover genetic units for conservation, we examined DNA sequences from the mitochondrial control region of 54 individuals from six localities distributed throughout the present geographical range of the Pampas deer. Our results suggest that the control region of the Pampas deer is one of the most polymorphic of any mammal. This remarkably high variability probably reflects large historic population sizes of millions of individuals in contrast to numbers of fewer than 80,000 today. Gene flow between populations is generally close to one migrant per generation and, with the exception of two populations from Argentina, all populations are significantly differentiated. The degree of gene flow was correlated with geographical distance between populations, a result consistent with limited dispersal being the primary determinant of genetic differentiation between populations. The molecular genetic results provide a mandate for habitat restoration and reintroduction of Pampas deer so that levels of genetic variation can be preserved and historic patterns of abundance can be reconstructed. However, the source of individuals for reintroduction generally should be from populations geographically closest to those now in danger of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S González
- División Citogenética, IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
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12
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Abstract
Serum samples from 107 cervids were examined for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using indirect hemagglutination (IHA), indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Dot-ELISA. Samples were obtained from 66 marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) in the State of São Paulo (Brazil) and from 41 pampas deer (Ozotocerus bezoarticus) in the State of Goiás (Brazil). Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 23 (22%) of the deer, with 18 and 5 positive samples, respectively, for B. dichotomus and O. bezoarticus. The highest prevalence of T. gondii antibodies were young adults (32%), following by adults (27%) and fawns (13%). Only one serum sample (8%) from a newborn fawn was positive in the serological tests. The convenience of the Dot-ELISA test is obvious when compared with other serological tests for both laboratory or field surveys, mainly due to its features of practicability and reagent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Department of Pathology, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
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13
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de Paiva Boléo-Tomé J, Santos Fernades V, Duarte JM. [Tumor pathology of the cervico-facial region. Clinical and therapeutic aspects. (Review of 2,490 cases)]. Rev Port Estomatol Cir Maxilofac 1989; 30:195-208. [PMID: 2640353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A review of the surgical cases treated at Plastic and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit of Hospital Egas Moniz (Lisbon) is done. The 2490 patients with head and neck Tumors operated upon, account for 23% of our work, but only 22% of them were malignant; Also uncommon the 236 cases of odontogenic tumors found. We present our concepts about the multi-disciplinary approach and the unified amputation reconstruction therapy, presenting some case reports.
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