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Lai YCC, Chang SJ, Kostoro J, Kwan AL, Chai CY. Vascular adhesion protein-1 as indicator of breast cancer tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness. APMIS 2018; 126:755-761. [PMID: 30160019 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), a 180-KDa homodimeric glycoprotein, may be associated with cancer-related events including tumor cell migration, motility, invasion, or metastasis. Therefore, this study applies VAP-1 immunohistochemical staining to demonstrate the invasiveness component of the breast cancer. The VAP-1 staining results were compared in 148 breast cancer cases to identify possible correlations with clinical status, including age, tumor size, tumor grade, TNM stage, lymphatic invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining results showed VAP-1 negative or weak staining in normal ducts and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but these phenotypes were positively associated with a stiffened VAP-1 that presented at the invasive front of the lesion. Our data demonstrated that VAP-1 expression was positively associated with lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis, and patient survival in breast carcinoma. Notably, VAP-1 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the overall survival (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that VAP-1 expression was a significant independent prognostic indicator of overall survival in breast carcinoma (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this study suggests that VAP-1 is linked to progression of tumor invasion and metastasis in breast carcinoma. VAP-1 is shown to be a biomarker that can be predict invasive potential and clinical outcome in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Clark Lai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joanna Kostoro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kostoro J, Chang SJ, Clark Lai YC, Wu CC, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Overexpression of vascular adhesion protein-1 is associated with poor prognosis of astrocytomas. APMIS 2016; 124:462-8. [PMID: 26935340 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is one of the endothelial adhesion molecules that is believed to play a role in tumor progression and metastasis, supporting cancer cell extravasation. Very few studies have been performed on analyzing the contribution of VAP-1 in brain tumor. Astrocytomas are the most common type of brain tumors, which are classified by World Health Organization (WHO) into four grades according to the degree of malignancy. This study was designed to investigate VAP-1 expression level in different astrocytoma grades and its correlation with clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of astrocytoma patients. Eighty-seven patients with different grades of astrocytoma (WHO Grade I-Grade IV) were enrolled in this study. The expression of VAP-1 was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between VAP-1 expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated by Chi-square test, and overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was applied to analyze the independent influence of each parameter on overall survival. The expression level of VAP-1 was significantly higher in diffuse astrocytoma than those of pilocytic astrocytoma (p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, upregulated VAP-1 expression was frequently found in older age patients (≥50 years). The VAP-1 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the overall survival (p = 0.0002). There was a statistical correlation between VAP-1(high) tumors in diffuse astrocytoma and VAP-1(low) tumors in pilocytic astrocytoma (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated VAP-1 was an independent predictive marker for poorer prognosis (p = 0.0036). Therefore, VAP-1 could be a promising prognostic biomarker in astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kostoro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Clark Lai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chang SJ, Ou-Yang F, Tu HP, Lin CH, Huang SH, Kostoro J, Hou MF, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Decreased expression of autophagy protein LC3 and stemness (CD44+/CD24-/low) indicate poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2015; 48:48-55. [PMID: 26772398 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the prognostic value of expression of autophagy protein light chain 3 (LC3) and the prognostic value of coexpression of LC3 and stemness markers CD44+/CD24-/low in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). LC3 and LC3/CD44+/CD24-/low immunophenotypes in tumor tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 67 TNBC patients. LC3- was expressed in 30 (44.78%) cases. The LC3- phenotype revealed a significant negative association with overall survival in both univariate (P = .0006) and multivariate (P = .0153) analyses. LC3-/CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype was observed in 24 (35.82%) of 67 TNBC patients. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, prognosis was significantly worse in tumors with LC3-/CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype (P = .0280). Multivariate analysis indicated that LC3-/CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype was a significant independent prognostic indicator of overall survival. These results suggest that LC3 suppresses TNBC in mature tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In conclusion, this study suggests that CSCs are linked to progression of autophagy in TNBC. During the progression and development of TNBC, autophagy of CSCs/progenitor cells is low. LC3-/CD44+/CD24-/low immunophenotype indicates a highly aggressive TNBC subgroup associated with a poor prognosis. This study investigated that LC3 deficiency may restrain TNBC in mature tumor cells and CSCs. Therefore, a reasonable inference is that inducing autophagy may be an effective therapeutic strategy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Joanna Kostoro
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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