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Hughes K, Bellis MA, Sethi D, Andrew R, Yon Y, Wood S, Ford K, Baban A, Boderscova L, Kachaeva M, Makaruk K, Markovic M, Povilaitis R, Raleva M, Terzic N, Veleminsky M, Włodarczyk J, Zakhozha V. Adverse childhood experiences, childhood relationships and associated substance use and mental health in young Europeans. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:741-747. [PMID: 30897194 PMCID: PMC6660110 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can increase risks of health-harming behaviours and poor health throughout life. While increases in risk may be affected by resilience resources such as supportive childhood relationships, to date few studies have explored these effects. Methods We combined data from cross-sectional ACE studies among young adults (n = 14 661) in educational institutions in 10 European countries. Nine ACE types, childhood relationships and six health outcomes (early alcohol initiation, problem alcohol use, smoking, drug use, therapy, suicide attempt) were explored. Multivariate modelling estimated relationships between ACE counts, supportive childhood relationships and health outcomes. Results Almost half (46.2%) of participants reported ≥1 ACE and 5.6% reported ≥4 ACEs. Risks of all outcomes increased with ACE count. In individuals with ≥4 ACEs (vs. 0 ACEs), adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.01 (95% CIs: 1.70–2.38) for smoking to 17.68 (95% CIs: 12.93–24.17) for suicide attempt. Supportive childhood relationships were independently associated with moderating risks of smoking, problem alcohol use, therapy and suicide attempt. In those with ≥4 ACEs, adjusted proportions reporting suicide attempt reduced from 23% with low supportive childhood relationships to 13% with higher support. Equivalent reductions were 25% to 20% for therapy, 23% to 17% for problem drinking and 34% to 32% for smoking. Conclusions ACEs are strongly associated with substance use and mental illness. Harmful relationships are moderated by resilience factors such as supportive childhood relationships. Whilst ACEs continue to affect many children, better prevention measures and interventions that enhance resilience to the life-long impacts of toxic childhood stress are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hughes
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK.,College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK.,College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, UK
| | - Dinesh Sethi
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachel Andrew
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK
| | - Yongjie Yon
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Wood
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK
| | - Kat Ford
- College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, UK
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Margarita Kachaeva
- Forensic Psychiatric Department, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Marija Markovic
- Centre for Promotion of Health, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Raleva
- University Clinic of Psychiatry, School of Medicine-Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Natasa Terzic
- Center for Health System Development, Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Milos Veleminsky
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Dulski M, Peszke J, Włodarczyk J, Sułowicz S, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Dudek K, Podwórny J, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Zubko M, Nowak A. Physicochemical and structural features of heat treated silver-silica nanocomposite and their impact on biological properties. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 103:109790. [PMID: 31349451 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, many nanostructures with varying properties and possible applications have been developed. These materials have been intended to work in various environmental temperature conditions. In this context, the main challenge has been to comprehend the impact of synergic interaction between individual elements included in non-annealed materials in relation to systems subjected to temperature impact. Another problem has corresponded to the impact of thermal modification on organisms such as bacteria and human cells. Such problems can be solved by the fabrication of a nanocomposite with mono-dispersed 8 nm silver (Ag0 or Ag+) embedded into a silica carrier, followed by the analysis of the impact of heat treatment under various temperature conditions on its physicochemical features. Therefore, methodical studies reported in this text have shown an increase of silver particle size up to 170 nm, a decrease of its concentration, as well as the formation of sub-nanometer Ag+ and/or Ag2+ clusters as the temperature rises to 1173 K. In turn, the structurally disordered silica carrier had been entirely transformed to cristobalite and tridymite only at 1473 K as well as partial reduction of Ag2+ to Ag+. Simultaneously, inhibition of growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as an increase in cytotoxicity towards human cells was observed as the temperature rose. As a final point, for the first time, a "pseudo" phase diagram of the structural alterations in the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite has been created, as well as a model of silver-silica transformation to biological systems has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dulski
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - J Peszke
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - J Włodarczyk
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - S Sułowicz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Z Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - K Dudek
- Łukasiewicz R&D Network, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - J Podwórny
- Łukasiewicz R&D Network, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - K Malarz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Zubko
- Institute of Material Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Department of Physics, University of Hradec Králové, 500-03 Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - A Nowak
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Gil T, Grochowski Z, Warmus J, Bederski K, Kocoń P, Włodarczyk J, Trybalski Ł, Smęder T, Żanowska K, Hajder P, Kołodziejczyk B, Cieślak W, Kużdżał J, Banyś R. P2.17-11 Impact of Quantitatively Assessed Emphysema on Chest Tube Drainage After Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gil T, Grochowski Z, Warmus J, Gocyk W, Staniec B, Bederski K, Kocoń P, Włodarczyk J, Hajder P, Kołodziejczyk B, Kużdżał J. P2.16-027 Comparison of Single Chest Tube Versus Double Chest Tube Drainage After Lung Resection for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuzdzal J, Hauer Ł, Hauer J, Warmus J, Kocon P, Trybalski Ł, Grochowski Z, Włodarczyk J, Gil T, Smęder T. OA 04.01 Randomized Trial of Systematic Lymph Node Dissection versus Bilateral Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Włodarczyk J, Stolte M, Mueller J. E-cadherin, beta-catenin and stromelysin-3 expression in de novo carcinoma of the colorectum. POL J PATHOL 2002; 52:119-24. [PMID: 11769398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An apparent exception to the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma carcinogenic pathway is the so-called "de novo" carcinoma that has no evidence of adenoma in its vicinity. Despite the fact that they are often quite small, these lesions appear to bhe more aggressive (i.e. have greater likelihood of lymph node metastases) than carcinomas that clearly arise from surrounding adenomas ("ex-adenoma carcinoma"). The purpose of the present immunohistochemical study was to compare rates of cell adhesion molecule (E-cadherin and beta-catenin) and protease (stromelysin-3 (ST-3)) expression in groups of de novo (n = 64) and ex-adenoma (n = 42) lesions in order to see if their more aggressive behavior is associated with decreased cell adhesion and increased protease expression. Although beta-catenin expression showed abnormalities (decreased or nuclear expression), it did not differ between the two groups. In contrast, the rates of extensive ST-3 expression and decreased E-cadherin expression were significantly higher in de novo group (P = 0.014 and 0.005, respectively). Histopathologically the de novo group had a significantly higher percentage of case with an infiltrative invasion pattern. These differences highlight the more aggressive phenotype of the de novo colorectal cancer and fit with a greater invasive potential of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Włodarczyk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, John Paul II Medical Center, Kraków. jrwlod.@poczta.onet.pl
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Janotka H, Hess J, Włodarczyk J. [Angioid streaks. Pathogenesis and the clinical picture]. Klin Oczna 1995; 97:299-302. [PMID: 8833955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Angioid streaks were first described by Doyne in 1889. Since that time histopathology and diagnostic methods have been greatly improved. Angioid streaks of the fundus are not apparent at birth. The earliest form is known as "peau d'orange". The end stage is disciform macular degeneration, helicoid peripapillary atrophy or diffuse choroidal sclerosis. Moreover, macular hemorrhage and precipitation of angioid streaks have frequently been noted after trauma. Angioid streaks have been described in a diverse group of diseases including pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Paget's disease, hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Janotka
- Z Oddziału Okulistycznego Szpitala im. Stefana Zeromskiego w Krakowie
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Tuganowski W, Włodarczyk J, Wójcik B. Use of fibrin glue in sucrose gap method. Acta Physiol Pol 1988; 39:307-10. [PMID: 2472735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isolated frog nerves or rabbit sinus node strips were mounted in a single sucrose gap chamber. A fibrin glue Tissucol was used in this arrangement as an intercompartment seal. Under such conditions, the specimens produced stable trans-gap action potentials of relatively high amplitude. In other experiments the gap was filled with fibrin in place of sucrose solution. The results obtained in the fibrin gap experiments resembled these mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tuganowski
- Chair and Department of Physiology, Silesian School of Medicine, Katowice
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Włodarczyk J. [Degenerative changes in the hip joints]. Pieleg Polozna 1984:3-4. [PMID: 6563631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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