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van Bavel JJA, Beekman HDM, Smoczyńska A, van der Heyden MAG, Vos MA. I Ks Activator ML277 Mildly Affects Repolarization and Arrhythmic Outcome in the CAVB Dog Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041147. [PMID: 37189765 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome type 1 with affected IKs is associated with a high risk for developing Torsade de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmias and eventually sudden cardiac death. Therefore, it is of high interest to explore drugs that target IKs as antiarrhythmics. We examined the antiarrhythmic effect of IKs channel activator ML277 in the chronic atrioventricular block (CAVB) dog model. TdP arrhythmia sensitivity was tested in anesthetized mongrel dogs (n = 7) with CAVB in series: (1) induction experiment at 4 ± 2 weeks CAVB: TdP arrhythmias were induced with our standardized protocol using dofetilide (0.025 mg/kg), and (2) prevention experiment at 10 ± 2 weeks CAVB: the antiarrhythmic effect of ML277 (0.6-1.0 mg/kg) was tested by infusion for 5 min preceding dofetilide. ML277: (1) temporarily prevented repolarization prolongation induced by dofetilide (QTc: 538 ± 65 ms at induction vs. 393 ± 18 ms at prevention, p < 0.05), (2) delayed the occurrence of the first arrhythmic event upon dofetilide (from 129 ± 28 s to 180 ± 51 s, p < 0.05), and (3) decreased the arrhythmic outcome with a significant reduction in the number of TdP arrhythmias, TdP score, arrhythmia score and total arrhythmic events (from 669 ± 132 to 401 ± 228, p < 0.05). IKs channel activation by ML277 temporarily suppressed QT interval prolongation, delayed the occurrence of the first arrhythmic event and reduced the arrhythmic outcome in the CAVB dog model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J A van Bavel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte D M Beekman
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smoczyńska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A G van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van Bavel JJA, Beekman HDM, van Weperen VYH, van der Linde HJ, van der Heyden MAG, Vos MA. I Ks inhibitor JNJ303 prolongs the QT interval and perpetuates arrhythmia when combined with enhanced inotropy in the CAVB dog. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175218. [PMID: 36007604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired IKs induced by drugs or due to a KCNQ1 mutation, diagnosed as long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1) prolongs the QT interval and predisposes the heart to Torsade de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmias. The anesthetized chronic AV block (CAVB) dog is inducible for TdP after remodeling and IKr inhibitor dofetilide. We tested the proarrhythmic effect of IKs inhibition in the CAVB dog, and the proarrhythmic role of increased contractility herein. METHODS Dofetilide-inducible animals were included to test the proarrhythmic effect of 1) IKs inhibition by JNJ303 (0.63 mg/kg/10min i.v.; n = 4), 2) IKs inhibition combined with enhanced inotropy (ouabain, 0.045 mg/kg/1min i.v.; n = 6), and 3) the washout period of the anesthetic regime (n = 10). RESULTS JNJ303 prolonged the QTc interval (from 477 ± 53 ms to 565 ± 14 ms, P < 0.02) resembling standardized dofetilide-induced QTc prolongation. Single ectopic beats (n = 4) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) (n = 3) were present, increasing the arrhythmia score (AS) from 1.0 ± 0 to 7.1 ± 6.5. JNJ303 combined with ouabain increased contractile parameters (LVdP/dtmax from 1725 ± 273 to 4147 ± 611 mmHg/s, P < 0.01). Moreover, TdP arrhythmias were induced in 4/6 dogs and AS increased from 1.0 ± 0 to 20.2 ± 19.0 after JNJ303 and ouabain (P < 0.05). Finally, TdP arrhythmias were induced in 4/10 dogs during the anesthesia washout period and the AS increased from 1.1 ± 0.3 to 9.2 ± 11.2. CONCLUSION Mimicking LQT1 using IKs inhibitor JNJ303 prolongs the QTc interval and triggers ectopic beats and non-sustained VT in the CAVB dog. Induction of the more severe arrhythmic events (TdP) demands a combination of IKs inhibition with enhanced inotropy or ending the anesthetic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J A van Bavel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte D M Beekman
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie Y H van Weperen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk J van der Linde
- Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marcel A G van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Krause R, van Bavel JJA, Wu C, Vos MA, Nogaret A, Indiveri G. Robust neuromorphic coupled oscillators for adaptive pacemakers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18073. [PMID: 34508121 PMCID: PMC8433448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural coupled oscillators are a useful building block in numerous models and applications. They were analyzed extensively in theoretical studies and more recently in biologically realistic simulations of spiking neural networks. The advent of mixed-signal analog/digital neuromorphic electronic circuits provides new means for implementing neural coupled oscillators on compact, low-power, spiking neural network hardware platforms. However, their implementation on this noisy, low-precision and inhomogeneous computing substrate raises new challenges with regards to stability and controllability. In this work, we present a robust, spiking neural network model of neural coupled oscillators and validate it with an implementation on a mixed-signal neuromorphic processor. We demonstrate its robustness showing how to reliably control and modulate the oscillator's frequency and phase shift, despite the variability of the silicon synapse and neuron properties. We show how this ultra-low power neural processing system can be used to build an adaptive cardiac pacemaker modulating the heart rate with respect to the respiration phases and compare it with surface ECG and respiratory signal recordings from dogs at rest. The implementation of our model in neuromorphic electronic hardware shows its robustness on a highly variable substrate and extends the toolbox for applications requiring rhythmic outputs such as pacemakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Krause
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Joanne J A van Bavel
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc A Vos
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Giacomo Indiveri
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kessler EL, van Stuijvenberg L, van Bavel JJA, van Bennekom J, Zwartsen A, Rivaud MR, Vink A, Efimov IR, Postma AV, van Tintelen JP, Remme CA, Vos MA, Banning A, de Boer TP, Tikkanen R, van Veen TAB. Flotillins in the intercalated disc are potential modulators of cardiac excitability. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 126:86-95. [PMID: 30452906 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intercalated disc (ID) is important for cardiac remodeling and has become a subject of intensive research efforts. However, as yet the composition of the ID has still not been conclusively resolved and the role of many proteins identified in the ID, like Flotillin-2, is often unknown. The Flotillin proteins are known to be involved in the stabilization of cadherins and desmosomes in the epidermis and upon cancer development. However, their role in the heart has so far not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at identifying the role of Flotillin-1 and Flotillin-2 in the cardiac ID. METHODS Location of Flotillins in human and murine cardiac tissue was evaluated by fluorescent immunolabeling and co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, the effect of Flotillin knockout (KO) on proteins of the ID and in electrical excitation and conduction was investigated in cardiac samples of wildtype (WT), Flotillin-1 KO, Flotilin-2 KO and Flotilin-1/2 double KO mice. Consequences of Flotillin knockdown (KD) on cardiac function were studied (patch clamp and Multi Electrode Array (MEA)) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) transfected with siRNAs against Flotillin-1 and/or Flotillin-2. RESULTS First, we confirmed presence in the ID and mutual binding of Flotillin-1 and Flotillin-2 in murine and human cardiac tissue. Flotillin KO mice did not show cardiac fibrosis, nor hypertrophy or changes in expression of the desmosomal ID proteins. However, protein expression of the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 was significantly decreased in Flotillin-1 and Flotillin-1/2 KO mice compared to WT mice. In addition, sodium current density showed a significant decrease upon Flotillin-1/2 KD in NRCMs as compared to scrambled siRNA-transfected NRCMs. MEA recordings of Flotillin-2 KD NRCM cultures showed a significantly decreased spike amplitude and a tendency of a reduced spike slope when compared to control and scrambled siRNA-transfected cultures. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the presence of Flotillin-1, in addition to Flotillin-2 in the cardiac ID. Our findings indicate a modulatory role of Flotillins on NaV1.5 expression at the ID, with potential consequences for cardiac excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Kessler
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Leonie van Stuijvenberg
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne J A van Bavel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joëlle van Bennekom
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Zwartsen
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde R Rivaud
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, the Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carol A Remme
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Teun P de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Degradation of cellular material by lysosomes is known as autophagy, and its main function is to maintain cellular homeostasis for growth, proliferation and survival of the cell. In recent years, research has focused on the characterization of autophagy pathways. Targeting of autophagy mediators has been described predominantly in cancer treatment, but also in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Although the number of studies is still limited, there are indications that activity of autophagy pathways increases under arrhythmic conditions. Moreover, an increasing number of antiarrhythmic and non-cardiac drugs are found to affect autophagy pathways. We, therefore, suggest that future work should recognize the largely unaddressed effects of antiarrhythmic agents and other classes of drugs on autophagy pathway activation and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J A van Bavel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marcel A G van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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