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Yasa J, Reed CE, Bournazos AM, Evesson FJ, Pang I, Graham ME, Wark JR, Nijagal B, Kwan KH, Kwiatkowski T, Jung R, Weisleder N, Cooper ST, Lemckert FA. Minimal expression of dysferlin prevents development of dysferlinopathy in dysferlin exon 40a knockout mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 36653852 PMCID: PMC9847081 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a Ca2+-activated lipid binding protein implicated in muscle membrane repair. Recessive variants in DYSF result in dysferlinopathy, a progressive muscular dystrophy. We showed previously that calpain cleavage within a motif encoded by alternatively spliced exon 40a releases a 72 kDa C-terminal minidysferlin recruited to injured sarcolemma. Herein we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to knock out murine Dysf exon 40a, to specifically assess its role in membrane repair and development of dysferlinopathy. We created three Dysf exon 40a knockout (40aKO) mouse lines that each express different levels of dysferlin protein ranging from ~ 90%, ~ 50% and ~ 10-20% levels of wild-type. Histopathological analysis of skeletal muscles from all 12-month-old 40aKO lines showed virtual absence of dystrophic features and normal membrane repair capacity for all three 40aKO lines, as compared with dysferlin-null BLAJ mice. Further, lipidomic and proteomic analyses on 18wk old quadriceps show all three 40aKO lines are spared the profound lipidomic/proteomic imbalance that characterises dysferlin-deficient BLAJ muscles. Collective results indicate that membrane repair does not depend upon calpain cleavage within exon 40a and that ~ 10-20% of WT dysferlin protein expression is sufficient to maintain the muscle lipidome, proteome and membrane repair capacity to crucially prevent development of dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Yasa
- grid.413973.b0000 0000 9690 854XKids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road, Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.414235.50000 0004 0619 2154Functional Neuromics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Claudia E. Reed
- grid.413973.b0000 0000 9690 854XKids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road, Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Adam M. Bournazos
- grid.413973.b0000 0000 9690 854XKids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road, Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Frances J. Evesson
- grid.413973.b0000 0000 9690 854XKids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road, Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.414235.50000 0004 0619 2154Functional Neuromics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ignatius Pang
- grid.414235.50000 0004 0619 2154Synapse Proteomics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW Australia
| | - Mark E. Graham
- grid.414235.50000 0004 0619 2154Synapse Proteomics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW Australia
| | - Jesse R. Wark
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XOperations, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW Australia
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMetabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim H. Kwan
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMetabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Kwiatkowski
- grid.268132.c0000 0001 0701 2416West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383 USA
| | - Rachel Jung
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1252 USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1252 USA
| | - Sandra T. Cooper
- grid.413973.b0000 0000 9690 854XKids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road, Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.414235.50000 0004 0619 2154Functional Neuromics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Frances A. Lemckert
- grid.413973.b0000 0000 9690 854XKids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road, Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.414235.50000 0004 0619 2154Functional Neuromics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Piper AK, Sophocleous RA, Ross SE, Evesson FJ, Saleh O, Bournazos A, Yasa J, Reed C, Woolger N, Sluyter R, Greer P, Biro M, Lemckert FA, Cooper ST. Loss of calpains-1 and -2 prevents repair of plasma membrane scrape injuries, but not small pores, and induces a severe muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1226-C1237. [PMID: 32348180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00408.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous calpains, calpain-1 and -2, play important roles in Ca2+-dependent membrane repair. Mechanically active tissues like skeletal muscle are particularly reliant on mechanisms to repair and remodel membrane injury, such as those caused by eccentric damage. We demonstrate that calpain-1 and -2 are master effectors of Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical plasma membrane scrape injuries, although they are dispensable for repair/removal of small wounds caused by pore-forming agents. Using CRISPR gene-edited human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell lines, we established that loss of both calpains-1 and -2 (CAPNS1-/-) virtually ablates Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical scrape injuries but does not affect injury or recovery from perforation by streptolysin-O or saponin. In contrast, cells with targeted knockout of either calpain-1 (CAPN1-/-) or -2 (CAPN2-/-) show near-normal repair of mechanical injuries, inferring that both calpain-1 and calpain-2 are equally capable of conducting the cascade of proteolytic cleavage events to reseal a membrane injury, including that of the known membrane repair agent dysferlin. A severe muscular dystrophy in a murine model with skeletal muscle knockout of Capns1 highlights vital roles for calpain-1 and/or -2 for health and viability of skeletal muscles not compensated for by calpain-3 (CAPN3). We propose that the dystrophic phenotype relates to loss of maintenance of plasma membrane/cytoskeletal networks by calpains-1 and -2 in response to directed and dysfunctional Ca2+-signaling, pathways hyperstimulated in the context of membrane injury. With CAPN1 variants associated with spastic paraplegia, a severe dystrophy observed with muscle-specific loss of calpain-1 and -2 activity identifies CAPN2 and CAPNS1 as plausible candidate neuromuscular disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Piper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel E Ross
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances J Evesson
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Omar Saleh
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Yasa
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudia Reed
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Woolger
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Level 3, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances A Lemckert
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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