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van Vloten JP, Minott JA, McAusland TM, Ingrao JC, Santry LA, McFadden G, Petrik JJ, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. Production and purification of high-titer OrfV for preclinical studies in vaccinology and cancer therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:434-447. [PMID: 34786436 PMCID: PMC8579082 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poxviruses have been used extensively as vaccine vectors for human and veterinary medicine and have recently entered the clinical realm as immunotherapies for cancer. We present a comprehensive method for producing high-quality lots of the poxvirus Parapoxvirus ovis (OrfV) for use in preclinical models of vaccinology and cancer therapy. OrfV is produced using a permissive sheep skin-derived cell line and is released from infected cells by repeated freeze-thaw combined with sonication. We present two methods for isolation and purification of bulk virus. Isolated virus is concentrated to high titer using polyethylene glycol to produce the final in vivo-grade product. We also describe methods for quantifying OrfV infectious virions and determining genomic copy number to evaluate virus stocks. The methods herein will provide researchers with the ability to produce high-quality, high-titer OrfV for use in preclinical studies, and support the translation of OrfV-derived technologies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Thomas M McAusland
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joelle C Ingrao
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Grant McFadden
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - James J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Rosales Gerpe MC, van Lieshout LP, Domm JM, van Vloten JP, Datu J, Ingrao JC, Yu DL, de Jong J, Moraes TJ, Krell PJ, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. Optimized Pre-Clinical Grade Production of Two Novel Lentiviral Vector Pseudotypes for Lung Gene Delivery. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:459-471. [PMID: 32000531 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung gene therapy requires efficient transduction of slow-replicating epithelia and stable expression of delivered transgenes in the respiratory tract. Lentiviral (LV) vectors have the ideal coding, expression, and transducing capacity required for gene therapy. A modified envelope glycoprotein from the Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus, termed Jenv, is well suited for LV-mediated lung gene therapy due to its inherent lung tropism. Here, two novel Jenv-pseudotyped LVs that effectively transduce lung tissue and yield titers similar to the gold standard, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVg)-pseudotyped LVs, were generated. As the concentration efficiency of LVs was found to depend on envelope pseudotype, a large-scale production method tailored for Jenv-pseudotyped LVs was developed and the most appropriate method of concentration was determined. In contrast to VSVg and Ebola virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped LVs, ultracentrifugation through a sucrose cushion drastically reduced the yield of Jenv LVs, whereas polyethylene glycol precipitation and tangential flow filtration (TFF) proved to be more suitable methods for concentrating Jenv LVs. Importantly, pressure during TFF was found to be crucial for increasing LV recovery. Finally, a unique mouse model was developed to test the suitability of these novel Jenv-pseudotyped LVs for use in lung gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Rosales Gerpe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Laura P van Lieshout
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jakob M Domm
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jodre Datu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Joelle C Ingrao
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Darrick L Yu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jondavid de Jong
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter J Krell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Clipperton-Allen AE, Ingrao JC, Ruggiero L, Batista L, Ovari J, Hammermueller J, Armstrong JN, Bienzle D, Choleris E, Turner PV. Long-Term Provision of Environmental Resources Alters Behavior but not Physiology or Neuroanatomy of Male and Female BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2015; 54:718-730. [PMID: 26632781 PMCID: PMC4671787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of providing environmental resources to mice. This consideration is important given that mice are often maintained in vivaria for months. We evaluated the effects of providing simple cage resources (wood wool, cotton nesting material, a plastic tunnel, and oat cereal) compared with standard housing (solid-bottom cage with hardwood chips) to group-housed adult male and female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice (n = 20/sex/strain/group) over 6 mo to determine whether these resources had a lasting effect on animal physiology, anatomy, and behavior. Body weights increased in all groups over time but were proportionately higher in male and female BALB/c mice housed in resource-supplemented environments. Throughout the study, adding environmental resources had no effect on hematology and lymphocyte subsets, fecal corticoid metabolite levels, response to LPS injection, or dendritic spine length or density. Strain- or sex×environmentspecific changes occurred in dark-light activity and thermal nociceptive responses. Dominant agonistic behaviors, abnormal conspecific sexual behaviors, and social nonagonistic behaviors demonstrated sex and strain×environment interactions such that fewer maladaptive social behaviors were noted in mice that were provided with environmental resources. This association was particularly evident in male mice of both strains in resource-supplemented environments. A small but significant increase in brain weight:body weight ratios occurred in mice in resource-supplemented environments. Under the conditions evaluated here, consistent use of simple environmental resources had a positive long-term effect on the behavioral wellbeing of male and female BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice yet minimally affected other aspects of murine physiology and neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Clipperton-Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joelle C Ingrao
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Laura Ruggiero
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Lucas Batista
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; Nutriza Agroindustrial de Alimentos S.A., Goias, Brazil
| | - Jelena Ovari
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | - John N Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Gardhouse S, Eshar D, Lee-Chow B, Foster RA, Ingrao JC, Poirier VJ. Diagnosis and treatment of a periocular myxosarcoma in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). Can Vet J 2014; 55:663-666. [PMID: 24982518 PMCID: PMC4060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 5-year-old male Australian bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented with a 2-month history of a periocular mass. The clinical evaluation included a physical examination, hematology, biochemistry, and radiographs. The mass was treated surgically and diagnosed as myxosarcoma. Strontium-90 plesiotherapy was attempted, but the mass recurred 5 mo later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gardhouse
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Sara Gardhouse; e-mail:
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Ingrao JC, Eshar D, Vince A, Lee-Chow B, Nykamp S, DeLay J, Smith D. Focal thoracolumbar spinal cord lymphosarcoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Can Vet J 2014; 55:667-671. [PMID: 24982519 PMCID: PMC4060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old, castrated male domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was euthanized following progressive hind limb paresis and atonia of the bladder of 1-year duration. Neurological evaluation localized the lesion to the thoracolumbar spinal region, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a focal intramedullary spinal cord lesion. Histopathology revealed an extensive, unencapsulated, poorly demarcated mass within the thoracolumbar spinal cord, diagnosed as lymphosarcoma.
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Ingrao JC, Johnson R, Tor E, Gu Y, Litman M, Turner PV. Aqueous stability and oral pharmacokinetics of meloxicam and carprofen in male C57BL/6 mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2013; 52:553-559. [PMID: 24041210 PMCID: PMC3784660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We found that carprofen and meloxicam under 3 environmental conditions (ambient dark, ambient light, and 4 °C) remained stable for at least 7 d. We then evaluated the oral pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (20 mg/kg) and carprofen (10 mg/kg) in male C57BL/6 mice after oral gavage or administration in the drinking water. Mice did not drink meloxicam-medicated water but readily consumed carprofen-medicated water, consuming an average of 14.19 mL carprofen-medicated water per 100 g body weight daily; mice drank more during the dark phase than during the light phase. Plasma analyzed by HPLC (meloxicam) and tandem mass spectrometry (carprofen) revealed that the peak meloxicam and carprofen concentrations were 16.7 and 20.3 μg/mL and occurred at 4 and 2 h after oral gavage, respectively. Similar blood levels were achieved after 12 h access to the carprofen-medicated water bottle. At 24 h after oral gavage, the drugs were not detectable in plasma. Meloxicam plasma AUC, elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and apparent oral clearance were 160.4 mg/L × h, 7.4 h, 0.36 L/kg, and 0.125 mL/h × kg, respectively. Carprofen plasma AUC, elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and apparent oral clearance were 160.8 mg/L × h, 7.4 h, 0.42 L/kg, and 0.062 mL/h × kg, respectively. No gross or microscopic evidence of toxicity was seen in any mouse. Our findings indicate that carprofen can be administered in drinking water to mice and that medicated water bottles should be placed 12 to 24 h prior to painful procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Tor
- CAHFS-Toxicology Lab, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Marcus Litman
- Office of Research Services, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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