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Kraus F, He Y, Swarup S, Overmyer KA, Jiang Y, Brenner J, Capitanio C, Bieber A, Jen A, Nightingale NM, Anderson BJ, Lee C, Paulo JA, Smith IR, Plitzko JM, Schulman BA, Wilfling F, Coon JJ, Wade Harper J. Lysosomal storage disease proteo/lipidomic profiling using nMOST links ferritinophagy with mitochondrial iron deficiencies in cells lacking NPC2. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.26.586828. [PMID: 38585873 PMCID: PMC10996675 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprised ~50 monogenic diseases characterized by the accumulation of cellular material in lysosomes and associated defects in lysosomal function, but systematic molecular phenotyping is lacking. Here, we develop a nanoflow-based multi-omic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow allowing simultaneously quantify HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from more than two dozen LSD mutants, revealing diverse molecular phenotypes. Defects in delivery of ferritin and its autophagic receptor NCOA4 to lysosomes (ferritinophagy) were pronounced in NPC2-/- cells, which correlated with increased lyso-phosphatidylcholine species and multi-lamellar membrane structures visualized by cryo-electron-tomography. Ferritinophagy defects correlated with loss of mitochondrial cristae, MICOS-complex components, and electron transport chain complexes rich in iron-sulfur cluster proteins. Strikingly, mitochondrial defects were alleviated when iron was provided through the transferrin system. This resource reveals how defects in lysosomal function can impact mitochondrial homeostasis in trans and highlights nMOST as a discovery tool for illuminating molecular phenotypes across LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kraus
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Sharan Swarup
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yizhi Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Johann Brenner
- Mechanisms of Cellular Quality Control, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
- CryoEM Technology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Capitanio
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Bieber
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Annie Jen
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicole M Nightingale
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benton J Anderson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian R Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jürgen M Plitzko
- CryoEM Technology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Wilfling
- Mechanisms of Cellular Quality Control, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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Brenner J, Klumpe S, Wilfling F, Plitzko JM. Towards Temporal Resolution in Correlative Cryo-electron Tomography. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1937-1938. [PMID: 37612977 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Brenner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Sven Klumpe
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Florian Wilfling
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Plitzko
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany
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Klumpe S, Schioetz OH, Kaiser C, Luchner M, Brenner J, Plitzko JM. Developments in cryo-FIB Sample Preparation: Targeting in Cryo-Lift-Out Preparation of Tissues and Machine Learning Models for Fully Automated On-Grid Lamella Preparation. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:511-513. [PMID: 37613116 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Klumpe
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oda H Schioetz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Marina Luchner
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johann Brenner
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Aufinger L, Brenner J, Simmel FC. Complex dynamics in a synchronized cell-free genetic clock. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2852. [PMID: 35606356 PMCID: PMC9126873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex dynamics such as period doubling and chaos occur in a wide variety of non-linear dynamical systems. In the context of biological circadian clocks, such phenomena have been previously found in computational models, but their experimental study in biological systems has been challenging. Here, we present experimental evidence of period doubling in a forced cell-free genetic oscillator operated in a microfluidic reactor, where the system is periodically perturbed by modulating the concentration of one of the oscillator components. When the external driving matches the intrinsic period, we experimentally find period doubling and quadrupling in the oscillator dynamics. Our results closely match the predictions of a theoretical model, which also suggests conditions under which our system would display chaotic dynamics. We show that detuning of the external and intrinsic period leads to more stable entrainment, suggesting a simple design principle for synchronized synthetic and natural genetic clocks. In theory, driven biological oscillators can display complex dynamic behaviors, but these are experimentally difficult to observe. Here the authors, using microfluidics, show that a synthetic cell-free gene oscillator displays period doubling and even quadrupling.
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Brenner J, Wintjes J, Moch S, Michelow P. A short course in visual literacy can improve residents' observation and descriptive skills in cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:727-734. [PMID: 33647185 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Visual literacy is an essential skill in Anatomical Pathology. However, there appears to be a dearth of literature that engages explicitly with how to teach or learn visual skills with respect to Anatomical Pathology residents. Using a variety of modalities, with a focus on practical arts-based methodologies, three-two hour workshops were designed to explore the complexity of precise observation and structured description. This intervention was based on the hypothesis that cytopathology and analyzing an artwork share a language and set of formal processes. Evaluation of the workshops was both quantitative and qualitative. The former assessed pre- and post-workshop descriptions of cytology images and artworks while the latter was in the form of a focus group. An actual improvement in both cytopathology and artwork description was demonstrated while the focus group discussion revealed the majority of residents considered the workshops as having a positive impact on the observation and description skills required in Anatomical Pathology. Some felt the purpose and approach of these workshops was not made explicit enough. Thematic analysis of the focus group showed robust discussion regarding who should conduct these workshops and when they should be conducted in resident training. Unanticipated benefits of the workshops such as personal creativity and pleasure formed a significant theme that requires serious consideration. Introducing visual literacy workshops into residency training appears to be valuable and improved observation and description skills in cytopathology. The focus group discussion will be used to improve on this first set of workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Culture Studies (IACS), Wits School of Arts, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J Wintjes
- KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa and Wits School of Arts and Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Moch
- Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - P Michelow
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Heft Neal M, Birkeland A, VanKoevering K, Brenner J, Lawence M, Sullivan S, McKean E. Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma: An Update on Survival and Prognostic Markers. Skull Base Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Brenner
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | | | - Erin McKean
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Kovatch K, Heft Neal M, Michmerhuizen N, Owen J, Ali S, Brenner J, Prince M, Sullivan S, McKean E. Pediatric Clival Chordoma: A Case Series and Rationale for Next-Generation Sequencing. Skull Base Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kovatch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Molly Heft Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Nicole Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - John Owen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - S. Ali
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - J. Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Mark Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Stephen Sullivan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Erin McKean
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Brenner J, Majoie HJM, van Beek S, Carpay JA. The retention of lacosamide in patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability in three specialised institutions. Seizure 2017; 52:123-130. [PMID: 29031193 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the effectiveness of lacosamide as adjunctive therapy in patients with epilepsy and an intellectual disability. This information is relevant, as few data exist pertaining to this population with a high prevalence of (intractable) epilepsy. METHODS We performed a retrospective study in three specialised institutions. Inclusion criteria were (1) focal onset or symptomatic generalized (2) therapy-resistant epilepsy, (3) intellectual disability and (4) residence in a care-facility for people with intellectual disabilities (PWID). The primary outcome variables were the retention rates of lacosamide, estimated through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Secondary outcomes were reported seizure control, side effects and clinical factors influencing discontinuation. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-two patients were included. The median retention time of lacosamide in our cohort was four years. The estimated one-, two- and three-year retention rates of lacosamide were 64%, 57% and 56% respectively. Severity of intellectual disability and seizure type did not influence whether lacosamide was continued. In 48.5% of patients, a reduction of seizure activity was reported. Side effects were at least part of the reason for discontinuing treatment in 26.5% of all patients. Common side effects were tiredness/somnolence (in 30.3%), aggression/agitation (24.2%), and instable gait (15.2%). Five deaths during follow-up were considered unlikely to be related to the use of lacosamide. One patient died unexpectedly within two months of treatment onset, probably this was a case of SUDEP. CONCLUSION These retention rates of lacosamide in PWID are similar to rates of previously registered anti-epileptic drugs in PWID. Behavioural side effects were noted in a high proportion compared to the general literature on lacosamide. Other side effects were in line with this literature. Lacosamide seems effective and safe for PWID and refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - H J M Majoie
- Department of Neurology, Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Sterkselseweg 65, 5591 VE Heeze, The Netherlands; School of Mental Health & Neuroscience and School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - S van Beek
- SEIN Epilepsy Centre, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, The Netherlands.
| | - J A Carpay
- Department of Neurology, Tergooi Hospital, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN Blaricum, The Netherlands.
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Abir M, Truchil A, Lam V, Forman J, Koegel P, Lozon M, Levites-Agababa E, Bright A, Brenner J. 167 Evaluating Patient-Centered Interventions to Reduce Pediatric Asthma-Related Acute Care Utilization. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brenner J. EP 112. Neurophysiological correlates of cognitive control in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bianchi D, Katona L, Brenner J, Vorlaufer G, Vernes A, Werner W. Numerical approximation of AR-XPS spectra for rough surfaces considering the effect of electron shadowing. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bianchi
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 Wiener Neustadt 2700 Austria
| | - L. Katona
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 Wiener Neustadt 2700 Austria
| | - J. Brenner
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 Wiener Neustadt 2700 Austria
| | - G. Vorlaufer
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 Wiener Neustadt 2700 Austria
| | - A. Vernes
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 Wiener Neustadt 2700 Austria
- Institute of Applied Physics; Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 /134, 1040 Vienna Austria
| | - W. S. M. Werner
- Institute of Applied Physics; Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 /134, 1040 Vienna Austria
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Pilkington SA, Nugent KP, Brenner J, Harris S, Clarke A, Lamparelli M, Thomas C, Tarver D. Barium proctography vs magnetic resonance proctography for pelvic floor disorders: a comparative study. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:1224-30. [PMID: 22251617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.02945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Accurate and reliable imaging of pelvic floor dynamics is important for tailoring treatment in pelvic floor disorders; however, two imaging modalities are available. Barium proctography (BaP) is widely used, but involves a significant radiation dose. Magnetic resonance (MR) proctography allows visualization of all pelvic midline structures but patients are supine. This project investigates whether there are measurable differences between BaP and MR proctography. Patient preference for the tests was also investigated. METHODS Consecutive patients referred for BaP were invited to participate (National Research Ethics Service approved). Participants underwent BaP in Poole and MR proctography in Dorchester. Proctograms were reported by a consultant radiologist with pelvic floor subspecialization. RESULTS A total of 71 patients were recruited. Both tests were carried out on 42 patients. Complete rectal emptying was observed in 29% (12/42) on BaP and in 2% (1/42) on MR proctography. Anismus was reported in 29% (12/42) on BaP and 43% (18/42) on MR proctography. MR proctography missed 31% (11/35) of rectal intussusception detected on BaP. In 10 of these cases no rectal evacuation was achieved during MR proctography. The measure of agreement between grade of rectal intussusception was fair (κ=0.260) although MR proctography tended to underestimate the grade. Rectoceles were extremely common but clinically relevant differences in size were evident. Patients reported that they found MR proctography less embarrassing but harder to empty their bowel. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that MR proctography under-reports pelvic floor abnormalities especially where there has been poor rectal evacuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Pilkington
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton Poole Hospital, Poole University of Southampton, Southampton Dorset County Hospital, Dorset, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Katona
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2; A-2700; Wiener Neustadt; Austria
| | - D. Bianchi
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2; A-2700; Wiener Neustadt; Austria
| | - J. Brenner
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2; A-2700; Wiener Neustadt; Austria
| | - G. Vorlaufer
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2; A-2700; Wiener Neustadt; Austria
| | | | - G. Betz
- Institute of Applied Physics; Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/134; A-1040; Vienna; Austria
| | - W. S. M. Werner
- Institute of Applied Physics; Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/134; A-1040; Vienna; Austria
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Kalet AL, Song HS, Sarpel U, Schwartz R, Brenner J, Ark TK, Plass J. Just enough, but not too much interactivity leads to better clinical skills performance after a computer assisted learning module. Med Teach 2012; 34:833-9. [PMID: 22917265 PMCID: PMC3826788 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.706727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-designed computer-assisted instruction (CAI) can potentially transform medical education. Yet little is known about whether specific design features such as direct manipulation of the content yield meaningful gains in clinical learning. We designed three versions of a multimedia module on the abdominal exam incorporating different types of interactivity. METHODS As part of their physical diagnosis course, 162 second-year medical students were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to Watch, Click or Drag versions of the abdominal exam module. First, students' prior knowledge, spatial ability, and prior experience with abdominal exams were assessed. After using the module, students took a posttest; demonstrated the abdominal exam on a standardized patient; and wrote structured notes of their findings. RESULTS Data from 143 students were analyzed. Baseline measures showed no differences among groups regarding prior knowledge, experience, or spatial ability. Overall there was no difference in knowledge across groups. However, physical exam scores were significantly higher for students in the Click group. CONCLUSIONS A mid-range level of behavioral interactivity was associated with small to moderate improvements in performance of clinical skills. These improvements were likely mediated by enhanced engagement with the material, within the bounds of learners' cognitive capacity. These findings have implications for the design of CAI materials to teach procedural skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kalet
- Division of Educational Informatics, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA.
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Bianchi D, Katona L, Brenner J, Vorlaufer G, Vernes A, Werner WSM, Betz G. Surface roughness, waviness, and shape induced effects in angle-resolved XPS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bianchi
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - L. Katona
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - J. Brenner
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - G. Vorlaufer
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - A. Vernes
- Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology; Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Institute of Applied Physics; Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 /134 A-1040 Vienna Austria
| | - W. S. M. Werner
- Institute of Applied Physics; Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 /134 A-1040 Vienna Austria
| | - G. Betz
- Institute of Applied Physics; Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 /134 A-1040 Vienna Austria
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Brenner J, Batten C, Yadin H, Bumbarov V, Friedgut O, Rotenberg D, Golender N, Oura CAL. Clinical syndromes associated with the circulation of multiple serotypes of bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in Israel. Vet Rec 2011; 169:389. [PMID: 21862467 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
From 2008 to 2011, seven distinct bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes (BTV-2, BTV-4, BTV-5, BTV-8, BTV-15, BTV-16 and BTV-24) have been identified to be circulating in diseased sheep and cattle in Israel. This paper describes the array of clinical manifestations caused by BTV in cattle in Israel. Each set of clinical manifestations has been categorised as a syndrome and six distinct clinical syndromes have been observed in dairy cattle: 'footrot-like syndrome', 'sore nose syndrome', 'subcutaneous emphysema syndrome', 'red/rough udder syndrome', 'bluetongue/epizootic haemorrhagic disease systemic syndrome' and 'maladjustment syndrome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, PO Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Bortolussi R, MacDonald N, Larson C, Brenner J, Kabakyenga J. “Micro-Research” for Developing Countries: Borrowing From the Microfinance Experience. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.56a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, PO Box 12, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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Lysnyansky I, Brenner J, Bernstein M, Elad D, Blum S, Friedgut O, Rotenberg D, Alpert N, Benjamin A. Identification of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
and Mycoplasma canadense
from outbreaks of granulopapular vulvovaginitis in dairy cattle in Israel. Vet Rec 2009; 165:319-22. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.11.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Rotenberg
- Kimron Veterinary Institute; PO Box 12 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
| | | | - A. Benjamin
- ‘Hahaklait’; PO Box 3039 Caesarea 38900 Israel
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Sciorra D, Brenner J, Gill J, Linden A, Mazzarelli A. 154: Impact of Care Management on the Highest Utilizers of Camden NJ's Emergency Departments. Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brümmer F, Brenner J, Bräuner T, Nesper M, Hülser D. Einwirkung von Stosswellen auf tierische Zellkulturen. Durchflußzytometrische Untersuchungen physiologischer Parameter. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1988.33.s2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ludwick T, Kyomuhangi T, Kiley E, Mulogo E, Kabakyenga J, Brenner J. Selection, Retention, and Motivation of Village Health Volunteers in Rural Southwestern Uganda. Paediatr Child Health 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/14.suppl_a.47a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Brenner J, Bellaiche M, Gross E, Elad D, Oved Z, Haimovitz M, Wasserman A, Friedgut O, Stram Y, Bumbarov V, Yadin H. Appearance of skin lesions in cattle populations vaccinated against lumpy skin disease: Statutory challenge. Vaccine 2009; 27:1500-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Blum S, Brenner J, Friedgut O, Stram Y, Koren O, Dagoni I, Munbaz A, Elad D. Isolation of Porphyromonas levii from vaginal samples from cows in herds negative for bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis. Vet Rec 2008; 163:745-747. [PMID: 19103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Blum
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, PO Box 12, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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26
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Blum S, Mazuz M, Brenner J, Friedgut O, Koren O, Goshen T, Elad D. Effects of bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis on productivity in a dairy herd in Israel. Vet J 2008; 176:245-7. [PMID: 17433735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis (BNVV) is characterized by the development of a necrotic vulvovaginal lesion, almost exclusively in post-parturient first-lactation cows, associated with Porphyromonas levii. The scope of this survey was to evaluate the impact of BNVV on herd productivity as a means to rationally evaluate the resources that should be allocated in dealing with the syndrome. During an outbreak of BNVV in a dairy herd, following the introduction of a large number of cows from another farm, the impact of the animals' origin (local or transferred) and BNVV (positive or negative) upon involuntary culling rate, milk yield and days between pregnancies were assessed. The results indicated that the number of days between pregnancies was significantly higher in first-lactation cows with BNVV but was not influenced by the other independent variables. None of the other variables included in this survey had any effect on the involuntary culling rate and milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blum
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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27
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Yadin H, Brenner J, Bumbrov V, Oved Z, Stram Y, Klement E, Perl S, Anthony S, Maan S, Batten C, Mertens PPC. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus type 7 infection in cattle in Israel. Vet Rec 2008; 162:53-6. [PMID: 18192658 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Yadin
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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28
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Yadin H, Brenner J, Chai D, Oved Z, Hadany Y, Kusak A, Haimovich M. The NSP immune response of vaccinated animals after in-field exposure to FMDV. Vaccine 2007; 25:8298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Audcent T, MacDonnell H, Brenner J, Samson L. 64. International child health (ICH) education in Canadian paediatric residency programss. CLIN INVEST MED 2007. [DOI: 10.25011/cim.v30i4.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A national survey was conducted of current ICH exposure and curriculum in pediatric residency programs. Our objectives were to quantify ICH teaching presently occurring, to identify how programs support trainees in undertaking ICH electives during their training, to determine attitudes towards ICH amongst paediatric program directors and chief residents across the country, and to identify barriers to ICH curriculum expansion within the post-graduate programs.
A population census of all 44 chief residents and program directors from the 16 Canadian pediatric programs was undertaken. A self-administered survey was developed de novo for this study. Twenty-two qualitative and quantitative questions were developed under the following domains: demographics, program content, electives, attitudes and perceptions, barriers and future directions. Surveys were completed electronically. Descriptive statistics were used, and common themes were extracted from qualitative responses.
The response rate was 65% (29 surveys), with 81% of the training programs represented. Seventy-three percent of the program directors, and 44% of the chief residents from across the country responded. Eighty-nine percent reported that their program did not have a formal curriculum in ICH. All respondents reported some ICH related educational sessions, however certain areas felt to be key were lacking. 80% agreed that electives should be encouraged as part of residency training, but 72% indicated lack of adequate funding for these electives. Overall, 86% agreed that ICH issues are important for paediatric trainees and 84% indicated that more emphasis should be placed on ICH in the paediatric resident curriculum. Eighty-six percent of respondents agreed that their program would be interested in new initiatives regarding ICH.
The results of this survey demonstrate that although there are opportunities for ICH exposure in most paediatric training programs, formalized curriculum is lacking. The majority of programs indicated a willingness to support the integration of an ICH curriculum into their core educational components.
The Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC). Towards a Medical Education Relevant to All : The Case for Global Health in Medical Education. A Report of the Global Health Resource Group. April 2006.
Bateman C, et al. Bringing global issues to medical teaching. Lancet, 2001; 358:1539-42.
Edwards R, et al. Understanding global health issues: are international health electives the answer? Medical Education, 2004; 38:688-690.
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Blum S, Mazuz M, Brenner J, Friedgut O, Stram Y, Koren O, Goshen T, Elad D. Sample-based assessment of the microbial etiology of bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis. Theriogenology 2007; 68:290-3. [PMID: 17553557 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A semiquantitative evaluation of potential bacterial pathogens was correlated to the severity of lesions during an outbreak of bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis (BNVV) on an Israeli dairy herd. Bacteriologic examination of 287 vaginal swabs from 104 post-calving heifers showed a highly significant correlation between Porphyromonas levii colony forming unit numbers and the clinical scores of the lesions, when assessed by an ordinal regression statistical model. No such correlation was found for the other bacteria included in the study. Nineteen samples taken for virological examinations resulted negative for bovine herpes viruses 1, 2, 4 and 5. Thus the results of this study substantiate the essential role of P. levii in the etiology of BNVV and indicate that BHV4 is not required as a predisposing factor to the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blum
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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31
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Brenner J, Elad D, Bernstein M, Dagoni I, Pálfi V, Yadin H. The detection of an unidentified type of adenovirus in the stools of calves with weak calf syndrome by use of a commercial kit designed for the detection of human adenoviruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:98-101. [PMID: 15752270 PMCID: PMC7165625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of polyarthritis in newborn calves in a large collective dairy herd was characterized by intra‐articular blood‐tinged synoviae, blood tainted faeces and massive subcorneal haemorrhages. Faecal samples from eight clinical newborn cases, 10 from unrelated dairy farms and 10 faecal samples from healthy calves were examined by the Rida® Quick rotavirus/adenovirus‐combi test . A specific adenovirus antigen precipitin‐line was seen in the reaction in all the faecal samples from the diseased calves (n = 8), while all the others (n = 20) were negative. In addition, the same positive reaction was noted when one aqueous humor and two synovial samples were tested with this kit. Several other enteropathogens were found sporadically, but no conclusive significance could be attributed to their presence. Bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinothracheitis viruses as well as Chlamydia spp. and Mycoplasma spp. were not involved in this episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Brenner
- Addresses of authors: Division of Virology
- Corresponding author: Tel.: 972 3 968 1668; fax: 972 3 968 1788; E‐mail:
| | - D. Elad
- Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - M. Bernstein
- Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - V. Pálfi
- Central Veterinary Institute, 1149 Budapest, Tábornok Utca 2, Hungary
| | - H. Yadin
- Addresses of authors: Division of Virology
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Affiliation(s)
- D David
- Rabies Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yeruham
- Hachaklait Gedera, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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34
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Brenner J, Malkinson M, Yadin H. Application of diagnostic procedures to epidemiological situations with special reference to arboviral infections. Vet Ital 2004; 40:567-571. [PMID: 20422588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The rationale behind the methodology employed to investigate a new disease that appears in an area hitherto unaffected is fundamentally different from that applied in an endemic disease situation. Special consideration must also be given to disease agents that appear and reappear at cyclical intervals. The authors present three separate approaches applicable in three different epidemiological situations. Each one may be used initially to determine the identity of the causal agent and the nature of the disease. These approaches, although described in a stepwise (flowchart) manner, are not meant to be applied rigidly, but rather should serve as a guideline for investigators. Special consideration is given to situations in which disease appears intermittently, using a sentinel model. Although this latter approach is expensive and time-consuming, it can yield excellent and reliable results when applied correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Division of Virology, Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 52050 Beit Dagan, Israel
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Wigginton J, Hixon J, Stauffer J, Lincoln E, Back T, Brenner J, Lockett S, Nagashima K, Khan T. 275 Interleukin-12 inhibits AKT phosphorylation and upregulates cleavage and subcellular translocation of EGFP-bid within murine neuroblastoma tumors. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Brenner J, Tsuda T, Yadin H, Chai D, Stram Y, Kato T. Serological and clinical evidence of a teratogenic Simbu serogroup virus infection of cattle in Israel, 2001-2003. Vet Ital 2004; 40:119-123. [PMID: 20419647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
During the last 35 years, two major outbreaks of Akabane virus (AKAV) infection were recorded in cattle in Israel in 1969/1970 and 2002/2003. Congenital malformations of calves characterised by the appearance of an arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly syndrome first appeared in Israel in 1969. Based on epidemiological, clinical, pathological, histopathological and serological data, this syndrome was strongly correlated with seroreactivity to AKAV, a member of the Bunyaviridae, Simbu serogroup. In February 2002, the first cases of 'blind newborn calves' (BNC) were observed on farms located in the northern valleys of Israel. Microtitre serum neutralisation (SN) tests of serum from malformed calves and their dams were conducted using Akabane and Aino viruses (AINOV). The first SN test was performed at the reference laboratory of the Clinical Virology Section, Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Kagoshima, Japan. The clear-cut findings of seroreactivity to AKAV by cattle located in the affected zone, in contrast to negative findings in cattle from unaffected farms (87% and 3.7%, respectively) was indicative of AKAV infection. In contrast, seroreactivity to Aino virus was relatively low in both affected and non-affected areas during the 2002 outbreak. In order to establish Israeli laboratory standards for Simbu serogroup diagnosis, 57 serum samples tested by the Japanese laboratory were retested by SN in Israel. An almost complete homology (96.5%) was found between the two SN panels of sera (kappa = 0.92). SN and ELISA kits enabled the surveillance of this arbovirus epidemic in the second consecutive year (2003). Moreover, AKAV was identified in trapped midges by hemi-nested PCR and real-time PCR. With these techniques, the geographical limits of the BNC epidemic that appeared in some areas of Israel was identified for the first time and was recorded in the Arava Rift Valley, 400 km south of the epicentre of the 2002 outbreak. The reintroduction of AKAV into this region, together with some evidence of AINOV activity and epidemics of bluetongue (BT) in the southern parts of Europe and the eastern Mediterranean, and renewed outbreaks of West Nile virus infection in Israel, Italy and southern France, are all evidence of the potential spread of arbovirus activity into southern Europe from the Mediterranean Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Prevention of Neonatal Diseases Unit, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
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Lubashevsky E, Krifucks O, Paz R, Brenner J, Savransky S, Trainin Z, Ungar-Waron H. Effect of bovine lactoferrin on a transmissible AIDS-like disease in mice. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 27:181-9. [PMID: 15001313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) was examined on an AIDS-like disease (ALD) in mice. Induction of disease was achieved by inoculation with infected cell-free plasma from diseased mice to uninfected ones. The effect of treatment with bLF was investigated when administered simultaneously with the virus, 20 days prior to infection, or 20 days after infection. Animals underwent clinical surveillance and enumeration of white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes, as well as fluorescent staining of CD4 and CD8 bearing cells. Simultaneous administration of bLF and virus did not affect the pattern of ALD progress along the course of the experiment. Pretreatment with bLF prior to virus inoculation abolished on day 21 the detrimental effect of viral infection that lasted for two months. An opposite outcome was observed when bLF was administered 20 days after the virus. It seems that bLF had played a preventive role for a restricted period of time. However, an adverse response was elicited when bLF was administered 20 days after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lubashevsky
- Department of Immunology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Ungar-Waron H, Yagil R, Brenner J, Paz R, Partosh N, Van Creveld C, Lubashevsky E, Trainin Z. Reactions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of camels with monoclonal antibodies against ruminant leukocytes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 26:137-43. [PMID: 12493494 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(02)00037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The particular immune system of the camel has been but little investigated. In this work circulating camel peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied by flow cytometry. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against ruminant leukocytes were used for the detection of cell surface antigens. Monoclonals to T-cell markers, CD4 (CACT138A) and CD8 (CACT80C), exhibited no reactivity towards camel PBMC in contrast to their reactivity to PBMC of other ruminant species and those of cattle in particular. A relatively high percentage (29.1+/-8.9%) of camel PBMC reacted with a non-immunoglobulin cell surface marker, B-B2, comparable to the reactivity of bovine PBMC. The B-B7 cell marker revealed 22.4+/-10.0% of reactive camel PBMC while the CD45 leukocyte common antigen was identified only on 19.4+/-3.1% of camel PBMC as compared to 74.7+/-4.9% for bovine PBMC. IgM (PIg45A) was detected on 9.1+/-1.4% of camel PBMC and on 46.6+/-19.5% of the bovine PBMC. Double fluorescent labeling with two B-cell markers and an anti-ruminant lambda light-chain mAb revealed 7-9% of cells bearing both B and lambda L-chain markers. Light chain reactivity was also assessed using an anti-goat F(ab')(2) antiserum. The values obtained, 14.3+/-5.8% for the camel and 47.8+/-2.7% for the cattle, are close to the values observed for surface IgM. These data suggest that camels, like other ruminants, possess L-chain bearing cells of the B-cell lineage. However, in the camel, Igs are different in that in addition to regular four chain Igs, about 65% of them possess two heavy chain Igs devoid of light chains. Because different sets of V(H) gene segments are used by four and two chain Igs, it is possible that there might be two lineages of B-cells each secreting a different form of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ungar-Waron
- Department of Immunology (Ministry of Agriculture), Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, 50250 Beit-Dagan, Israel
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Abstract
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF. corrizza contagiosa) is an invariably fatal communicable disease in cattle, whose causative agent is the ovine herpes virus-2, or the alcelaphine herpes virus-1. In one feed-lot family farm, 34 calves out of 100 became ill at the rate of one to four calves per week, and all of them subsequently died over a period of 4 months. Most of the initial cases were manifested clinically as the head and eye form, but most of the entire clinical spectrum of forms (the respiratory, intestinal and nervous forms) characteristic for MCF were observed as this epidemic progressed. Very few calves died without showing any specific signs of MCF. Pathological examinations revealed characteristic obliterative arteriovasculitis in the brain of calves with nervous signs, typical of MCF. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing revealed 100% homology between the 238 bp hemi-nested PCR fragment and the ovine herpes virus-2 sequences. Based on the clinical signs, epidemiological data, pathological, and histopathological findings, and the PCR results, it was concluded that MCF occurred on the farm. The fact that sheep and goats were housed in close proximity on the same farm reinforced this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Ruminants Neonatal Prevention Unit, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Elad D, Brenner J, Markovitcs A, Shlomovitz S, Basan J, Schwartz N. Influence of diet on the shedding of Candida glabrata by experimentally infected preweaned calves. Vet J 2002; 164:275-9. [PMID: 12505403 DOI: 10.1053/tvjl.2002.0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The influence of three diets, comprising dam's milk (DM) from the same farm, commercial milk replacer with (CMRL) or without 3.2% lactose (CMR), on the duration and intensity of Candida glabrata shedding in the faeces of preweaned calves following experimental oral infection was examined. Shedding of other potential enteric pathogens was also monitored. The duration and intensity of C. glabrata shedding in DM-fed calves were reduced significantly compared with the calves fed the two diets based on milk replacers. Consequently, feeding calves with DM might disrupt the infective cycle, resulting in the yeast's elimination from a farm. In the CMR and CMRL groups, the periods of intensive shedding of C. glabrata and rotavirus overlapped but no diarrhoea was associated with the shedding of either microorganism. There was no evidence that lactose diminished colonization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elad
- Department of Clinical Bateriology and Mycology, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, PO Box 12, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel.
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Udink ten Cate F, Breur J, Boramanand N, Crosson J, Friedman A, Brenner J, Meijboom E, Sreeram N. Endocardial and epicardial steroid lead pacing in the neonatal and paediatric age group. Heart 2002; 88:392-6. [PMID: 12231599 PMCID: PMC1767358 DOI: 10.1136/heart.88.4.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the performance of steroid eluting epicardial and endocardial leads in infants and children requiring permanent pacing. METHODS Evaluation of pacing and sensing characteristics, impedances, and longevity of 159 steroid eluting leads implanted in 95 children. Group A consisted of 24 children weighing less than 15 kg with 15 endocardial leads (five atrial, 10 ventricular) and 19 epicardial leads (five atrial, 14 ventricular). Group B consisted of 71 children weighing more than 15 kg with 106 endocardial leads (56 atrial, 58 ventricular) and 19 epicardial leads (nine atrial, 10 ventricular). RESULTS Group A: Stimulation thresholds were lower for ventricular endocardial leads at implant (mean (SD) 0.84 (0.54) v 1.59 (0.64) V, p < 0.014) and at two year follow up (ventricular 0.64 (0.24) v 1.65 (0.69) V, p < 0.003). Impedance and sensing thresholds did not differ significantly at implant and follow up. Group B: Stimulation thresholds were lower for ventricular endocardial leads at implant (0.72 (0.48) v 1.48 (0.58) V, p < 0.001) and at follow up (0.88 (0.46) v 1.55 (0.96) V, p < 0.009). Impedance did not differ. Sensing thresholds were also better for ventricular endocardial leads at follow up (9.1 (5.2) v 14.2 (6.4) mV, p < 0.02). Complications requiring intervention occurred in both groups (n = 7 for endocardial v n = 18 for epicardial leads). CONCLUSIONS Endocardial and epicardial steroid eluting leads have comparable performance in the paediatric population.
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Bonanni A, Stifter D, Hingerl K, Störi H, Werner WSM, Brenner J, Weithaler C, Gruska B, Prunel G, Delaire V, Sanvito T. In situspectroscopic ellipsometry as a sensor for hard coatings and steel nitriding. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ron IG, Wigler N, Borovik R, Brufman G, Rizel S, Shani A, Brenner J, Farbstein H, Dale A, Inbar MJ, Brenner HJ, Chaitchik S, Catane R. CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) versus cnf (cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil) as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II lymph-node positive breast cancer: a phase III randomized multicenter study. Am J Clin Oncol 2001; 24:323-7. [PMID: 11474254 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-200108000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A multicenter phase III randomized study compared the efficacies of two adjuvant polychemotherapeutic regimens in 145 patients with stage II node-positive breast cancer. The standard chemotherapy combination, CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil), was administered to 77 women. The experimental protocol, CNF (cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, 5-FU), in which mitoxantrone (Novantrone) replaced methotrexate, was given to 68 patients. Follow-up of the 145 patients by six participating hospitals showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.6) between the two treatment regimens during a median follow-up of 4.5 years in terms of overall survival. There was, however, a significant advantage (p = 0.04) in the disease-free survival for those receiving mitoxantrone (mean survival 4.4 years for CNF versus 2.7 years for CMF). Toxic side effects associated with CNF (particularly alopecia and myelotoxicity) were relatively more frequent but acceptable and did not lead to dose reduction. In light of its association with improved disease-free survival in this study, larger studies should be undertaken on the role of mitoxantrone as adjuvant treatment in stage II breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Ron
- Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Centre, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
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Zaidi AU, D'Sa-Eipper C, Brenner J, Kuida K, Zheng TS, Flavell RA, Rakic P, Roth KA. Bcl-X(L)-caspase-9 interactions in the developing nervous system: evidence for multiple death pathways. J Neurosci 2001; 21:169-75. [PMID: 11150333 PMCID: PMC6762421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is critical for normal nervous system development and is regulated by Bcl-2 and Caspase family members. Targeted disruption of bcl-x(L), an antiapoptotic bcl-2 gene family member, causes massive death of immature neurons in the developing nervous system whereas disruption of caspase-9, a proapoptotic caspase gene family member, leads to decreased neuronal apoptosis and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. To determine whether Bcl-X(L) and Caspase-9 interact in an obligate pathway of neuronal apoptosis, bcl-x/caspase-9 double homozygous mutants were generated. The increased apoptosis of immature neurons observed in Bcl-X(L)-deficient embryos was completely prevented by concomitant Caspase-9 deficiency. In contrast, bcl-x(-/-)/caspase-9(-/-) embryonic mice exhibited an expanded ventricular zone and neuronal malformations identical to that observed in mice lacking only Caspase-9. These results indicate both epistatic and independent actions of Bcl-X(L) and Caspase-9 in neuronal programmed cell death. To examine Bcl-2 and Caspase family-dependent apoptotic pathways in telencephalic neurons, we compared the effects of cytosine arabinoside (AraC), a known neuronal apoptosis inducer, on wild-type, Bcl-X(L)-, Bax-, Caspase-9-, Caspase-3-, and p53-deficient telencephalic neurons in vitro. AraC caused extensive apoptosis of wild-type and Bcl-X(L)-deficient neurons. p53- and Bax-deficient neurons showed marked protection from AraC-induced death, whereas Caspase-9- and Caspase-3-deficient neurons showed minimal or no protection, respectively. These findings contrast with our previous investigation of AraC-induced apoptosis of telencephalic neural precursor cells in which death was completely blocked by p53 or Caspase-9 deficiency but not Bax deficiency. In total, these results indicate a transition from Caspase-9- to Bax- and Bcl-X(L)-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Zaidi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Yakobson B, Brenner J, Ungar-Waron H, Trainin Z. Cellular immune response cytokine expression during the initial stage of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection determines the disease progression to persistent lymphocytosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 23:197-208. [PMID: 10855665 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(99)00074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have established experimental models of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection followed by progression to persistent lymphocytosis (PL) positive (BLV+PL+) or PL negative (BLV+PL-) stages of infection. Two out of six BLV infected animals developed PL+ 4 weeks after BLV infection. One other animal became PL+ late in the course of infection and three infected animals stayed PL-. These animals (PL-) exhibited transient lymphocytosis 3-4 weeks after infection and sustained PL- lymphocyte counts up to 24 weeks after infection. Competitive RT-PCR analysis of IFN-gamma mRNA expression revealed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of animals with PL+ status developed by 4 weeks after infection had augmented IFN-gamma mRNA expression 3-4 weeks after BLV infection. However PBMC of animals that sustained a long-termed PL- lymphocyte count had elevated IFN-gamma mRNA expression 1-24 weeks after infection. Competitive RT-PCR analysis of IL-2 mRNA expression showed an increase in the levels of IL-2 mRNA in PL animals. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNAs expression were elevated both in PL+ and PL- animals from 3 and 12 weeks after infection respectively. We suggest that early and extended expression of cellular response cytokines may delay the progression to PL+ in enzootic bovine leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yakobson
- Department of Immunology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
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Abstract
Patient complaints arising as manifestations of medication side effects are commonly encountered in clinical practice. A rheumatologist must routinely consider side effects of drugs in the differential diagnosis of many symptoms. This review will remind the reader of certain well-described and some newly reported side effects commonly encountered in an internal medicine practice. Focal points incude arthralgias/arthritis, myopathy/myositis, ANA/drug-induced lupus, bone loss/osteoporosis, and tendon rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University Medical Center, 560 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Perovic S, Tretter L, Brümmer F, Wetzler C, Brenner J, Donner G, Schröder HC, Müller WE. Dinoflagellates from marine algal blooms produce neurotoxic compounds: effects on free calcium levels in neuronal cells and synaptosomes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2000; 8:83-94. [PMID: 10867367 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(99)00035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this report, evidence is presented that the marine unicellular eukaryotic dinoflagellates can cause neurotoxicity very likely by an increase in intracellular free calcium ions ([Ca(2+)](i)). Determinations of the effects of culture supernatants from different clones of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium sp. isolated from algal blooms on the viability of rat primary neuronal cells revealed that all clones tested were toxic for these cells. In addition, all Alexandrium clones tested, except for A. ostenfeldii BAH ME-141, were found to be toxic for rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. No toxicity was observed for culture supernatants from Gonyaulax and Coolia monotis. Calcium ions are important in the process of apoptotic cell death; our studies revealed that the dinoflagellate supernatants from A. lusitanicum K2, A. lusitanicum BAH ME-091, and A. tamarense 1M caused an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) levels in both PC12 cells and primary neuronal cells. These dinoflagellate supernatants, as well as the A. tamarense ccmp 115 supernatant, were found to cause also an increase in free calcium concentration in isolated synaptosomes. Our results suggest that the neurotoxic effects of certain dinoflagellate supernatants may be associated with disturbances in [Ca(2+)](i) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perovic
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung für Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
The natural history of a ductal aneurysm detected prenatally is presented. Neurologic concerns in the neonate and absence of cardio-respiratory compromise permitted serial echo demonstration of constriction, thickening and subsequent closure with formation of thrombus in the aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maisel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Ungar-Waron H, Paz R, Brenner J, Yakobson B, Partosh N, Trainin Z. Experimental infection of calves with bovine leukemia virus (BLV): an applicable model of a retroviral infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 67:195-201. [PMID: 10077425 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An experimental model of chronic infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was established in young calves within a relatively short time. In the sera of all infected calves, precipitating antibodies were detected within 5 weeks after infection but upon disease progression pattern of cellular profiles varied. Three calves exhibited transient lymphocytosis 3-5 weeks after infection, two became persistent lymphocytotic (PL+) by that time and one stayed non-lymphocytotic (PL-) for 11 weeks and became PL+ after 4.5 months. Eventually all infected calves became PL+ by the end of the experiment, 6-12 months after infection. Increase of total counts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) related to polyclonal expansion of B-cells. The latter was assessed in all infected calves where the expansion of CD5-bearing cells (B+ CD5+) correlated with increase or decrease of total PBMC counts. Other cell populations such as CD4 and CD8 were also affected. Percentages decreased by 5 weeks after experimental infection to about half their original values though actual cell numbers stayed relatively stable. The experimental model we established compared well with field cases of naturally BLV-infected cattle and thus permitted the investigation of the disease at early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ungar-Waron
- Department of Immunology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
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Yakobson B, Brenner J, Ungar-Waron H, Trainin Z. Short-termed expression of interleukin-12 during experimental BLV infection may direct disease progression to persistent lymphocytosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 64:207-18. [PMID: 9730217 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study an attempt was made to elucidate cellular response cytokine expression upon experimental bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle. Progression of infection was monitored by BLV gp51 mRNA expression or DNA amplification by RT-PCR or PCR, respectively, to detect provirus infected cells. Antibodies to BLV were detected by an agar gel immuno-diffusion (AGID) test in 5 weeks and persistent lymphocytosis (PL+) was established in all four BLV-infected animals in 24 weeks after infection. At the initial stage of infection a strong cellular immune response was induced mediated by IL-12p40 mRNA expression. Short-termed IL-12p40 expression was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in two out of four infected animals following 1-3 weeks after infection, while viral mRNA expression was observed 2 weeks following infection. Expression of genes coding for the pro-inflammatory TNFalpha, IL-1beta and cellular response cytokines IFNgamma and IL-2 was detected beginning with the second and third week after infection in all BLV-infected animals. However, IFNgamma expression significantly decreased in 12 weeks after infection in three animals while IL-10 message initially detected 3 weeks after infection increased by 12 weeks and persisted. The observed immediate short-termed cell mediated immune response characterized by IL-12p40 and IFNgamma expression followed by an early shift to an IL-10 induced humoral response, may change the cytokine balance and direct disease progression to the PL+ stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yakobson
- Department of Immunology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit-Dagan, Israel
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