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Lumme JE, Savukoski SM, Suvanto ETJ, Pesonen PRO, Auvinen JP, Sebert S, Hyppönen E, Järvelin MR, Puukka KS, Herzig KH, Oura P, Ojaniemi M, Niinimäki M. Early-onset climacterium is not associated with impaired vitamin D status: a population-based study. Menopause 2021; 28:899-908. [PMID: 33950031 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate vitamin D status in women with the onset of the climacteric phase by age 46 as both early menopause and inadequate vitamin D status may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes. METHODS A cross-sectional study included 2,544, 46-year-old women from a birth cohort. Women were divided into the following two groups according to their menstrual history and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration: 1) climacteric (FSH ≥25 IU/L and amenorrhea ≥4 mo, n = 351) and 2) preclimacteric women (FSH <25 IU/L and having regular/irregular menstrual cycles, n = 2,193). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were compared between the groups. A linear regression model was performed to investigate which factors are associated with 25(OH)D status. RESULTS Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in climacteric compared with preclimacteric women (68.1 ± 19.8 nmol/L vs 65.2 ± 19.3 nmol/L, P = 0.01). However, in the linear regression model, climacteric status was not associated with 25(OH)D status (multivariable adjusted mean difference 4.5 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval -1.4 to 10.4, P = 0.137). A total of 76 of the climacteric women were using systemic estrogen hormone therapy (HT). In a subanalysis, including only climacteric women, the use of HT was associated with higher 25(OH)D status (multivariable adjusted mean difference 5.9 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval 1.3-10.5, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The onset of the climacteric phase by age 46 was not associated with inadequate 25(OH)D concentrations, whereas HT use was associated with higher 25(OH)D status in women with early-onset climacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Lumme
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Susanna M Savukoski
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eila T J Suvanto
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula R O Pesonen
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Auvinen
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulunkaari Health Center, Ii, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Katri S Puukka
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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