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Lewies A, Botes L, van den Heever JJ, Dohmen PM, Smit FE. Monomeric glutaraldehyde fixation and amino acid detoxification of decellularized bovine pericardium for production of biocompatible tissue with tissue-guided regenerative potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19712. [PMID: 37809671 PMCID: PMC10559009 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of monomeric glutaraldehyde fixation and amino acid detoxification on biocompatibility and tissue-guided regenerative potential of decellularized bovine pericardium was evaluated. The degree of cross-linking, porosity, enzymatic degradation, alpha-galactosyl content, the efficacy of detoxification, and cytotoxicity towards human epithelial cells were assessed. Tissue was subcutaneously implanted for eight weeks in male juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats, and mechanical properties, host cell infiltration, and calcification were evaluated. Three groups were compared i) decellularized tissue, ii) decellularized, monomeric glutaraldehyde fixed and amino acid detoxified tissue, and iii) commercial glutaraldehyde fixed non-decellularized tissue (Glycar®) (n = 6 rats per group). The fixation process gave a high degree of cross-linking (>85%), and was resistant to enzymatic degradation, with no significant effect on porosity. The detoxification process was effective, and the tissue was not toxic to mammalian cells in vitro. Tissue from both decellularized groups had significantly higher (p < 0.05) porosity and host cell infiltration in vivo. The process mitigated calcification. A non-significant decrease in the alpha-galactosyl content was observed, which increased when including the alpha-galactosidase enzyme. Mechanical properties were maintained. The fixation and detoxification process adequately removes free aldehyde groups and reduces toxicity, preventing enzymatic degradation and allowing for host cell infiltration while mitigating calcification and retaining the mechanical properties of the tissue. This process can be considered for processing decellularized bovine pericardium with tissue-guided regeneration potential for use in cardiovascular bioprostheses; however, methods of further reducing antigenicity, such as the use of enzymes, should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Lewies
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Lezelle Botes
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Pascal Maria Dohmen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Rostock, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Francis Edwin Smit
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Bester D, Botes L, van den Heever JJ, Kotze H, Dohmen P, Pomar JL, Smit FE. Cadaver donation: structural integrity of pulmonary homografts harvested 48 h post mortem in the juvenile ovine model. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:743-754. [PMID: 30311023 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreserved pulmonary homograft (CPH) implantation remains the gold standard for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Harvesting homografts < 24-h post mortem is the international norm, thereby largely excluding cadaveric donors. This study examines the structural integrity and stability of ovine pulmonary homografts harvested after a 48-h post mortem period, cryopreserved and then implanted for up to 180 days. Fifteen ovine pulmonary homografts were harvested 48-h post mortem and cryopreserved. Five CPH served as a control group (group 1; n = 5). CPH were implanted in the RVOT of juvenile sheep and explanted after 14 days (group 2; n = 5) and 180 days (group 3; n = 5). Leaflet integrity was evaluated by strength analysis, using tensile strength (TS), Young's modulus (YM) and thermal denaturation temperature (Td), and morphology, including haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Picrosirius red staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and von Kossa stains. Echocardiography confirmed normal function in all implants. In explants, no reduction in TS, YM or Td could be demonstrated and H&E showed mostly acellular leaflet tissue with no difference on Picrosirius red. TEM demonstrated consistent collagen disruption after cryopreservation in all three groups, with no morphological deterioration during the study period. von Kossa stains showed mild calcification in group 3. No deterioration of structural integrity could be demonstrated using strength or morphological evaluations between the controls and implant groups over the study period. Extending the post mortem harvesting time of homografts beyond 24 h did not appear to negatively affect the long-term performance of such transplanted valves in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dreyer Bester
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State (UFS), P.O. Box 339, (Internal Box G32), Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Lezelle Botes
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Johannes Jacobus van den Heever
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State (UFS), P.O. Box 339, (Internal Box G32), Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Harry Kotze
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State (UFS), P.O. Box 339, (Internal Box G32), Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Pascal Dohmen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State (UFS), P.O. Box 339, (Internal Box G32), Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Rostock, University of Rostock, 18107, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Pomar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clinico de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francis Edwin Smit
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State (UFS), P.O. Box 339, (Internal Box G32), Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Botes L, van den Heever JJ, Smit FE, Neethling WML. Cardiac allografts: a 24-year South African experience. Cell Tissue Bank 2011; 13:139-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-010-9237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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