1
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Sharma G, Ojha R, Noguera-Ortega E, Rebecca VW, Attanasio J, Liu S, Piao S, Lee JJ, Nicastri MC, Harper SL, Ronghe A, Jain V, Winkler JD, Speicher DW, Mastio J, Gimotty PA, Xu X, Wherry EJ, Gabrilovich DI, Amaravadi RK. PPT1 inhibition enhances the antitumor activity of anti–PD-1 antibody in melanoma. JCI Insight 2022; 7:165688. [DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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2
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McLane LM, Ngiow SF, Chen Z, Attanasio J, Manne S, Ruthel G, Wu JE, Staupe RP, Xu W, Amaravadi RK, Xu X, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Huang AC, Freedman BD, Betts MR, Wherry EJ. Role of nuclear localization in the regulation and function of T-bet and Eomes in exhausted CD8 T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109120. [PMID: 33979613 PMCID: PMC8195461 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes) regulate CD8 T cell exhaustion through undefined mechanisms. Here, we show that the subcellular localization of T-bet and Eomes dictate their regulatory activity in exhausted T cells (TEXs). TEXs had a higher ratio of nuclear Eomes:T-bet than memory T cells (TMEMs) during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in preclinical cancer models and in human tumors. Biochemically, T-bet and Eomes compete for the same DNA sequences, including the Pdcd1 T-box. High nuclear T-bet strongly represses Pdcd1 transcription in TMEM, whereas low nuclear T-bet in TEX leads to a dominant effect of Eomes that acts as a weaker repressor of Pdcd1. Blocking PD-1 signaling in TEXs increases nuclear T-bet, restoring stronger repression of Pdcd1, and driving T-bet-associated gene expression programs of chemotaxis, homing, and activation. These data identify a mechanism whereby the T-bet-Eomes axis regulates exhaustion through their nuclear localization, providing insights into how these transcription factors regulate TEX biology. McLane et al. demonstrate that T-bet and Eomes expression contributes to exhaustion, but also their nuclear localization, and therefore functional activity, plays a key role. PD-1 blockade restores nuclear T-bet and promotes T cell homing and activation through direct competition with Eomes at gene promoters, such as Pdcd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M McLane
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Attanasio
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan P Staupe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tara C Mitchell
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Johnnidis JB, Muroyama Y, Ngiow SF, Chen Z, Manne S, Cai Z, Song S, Platt JM, Schenkel JM, Abdel-Hakeem M, Beltra JC, Greenplate AR, Ali MAA, Nzingha K, Giles JR, Harly C, Attanasio J, Pauken KE, Bengsch B, Paley MA, Tomov VT, Kurachi M, Vignali DAA, Sharpe AH, Reiner SL, Bhandoola A, Johnson FB, Wherry EJ. Inhibitory signaling sustains a distinct early memory CD8 + T cell precursor that is resistant to DNA damage. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/55/eabe3702. [PMID: 33452106 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of memory T cells remain incompletely understood. During the expansion phase of acute viral infection, we identified a distinct subset of virus-specific CD8+ T cells that possessed distinct characteristics including expression of CD62L, T cell factor 1 (TCF-1), and Eomesodermin; relative quiescence; expression of activation markers; and features of limited effector differentiation. These cells were a quantitatively minor subpopulation of the TCF-1+ pool and exhibited self-renewal, heightened DNA damage surveillance activity, and preferential long-term recall capacity. Despite features of memory and somewhat restrained proliferation during the expansion phase, this subset displayed evidence of stronger TCR signaling than other responding CD8+ T cells, coupled with elevated expression of multiple inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), CD5, and CD160. Genetic ablation of PD-1 and LAG-3 compromised the formation of this CD62Lhi TCF-1+ subset and subsequent CD8+ T cell memory. Although central memory phenotype CD8+ T cells were formed in the absence of these cells, subsequent memory CD8+ T cell recall responses were compromised. Together, these results identify an important link between genome integrity maintenance and CD8+ T cell memory. Moreover, the data indicate a role for inhibitory receptors in preserving key memory CD8+ T cell precursors during initial activation and differentiation. Identification of this rare subpopulation within the memory CD8+ T cell precursor pool may help reconcile models of the developmental origin of long-term CD8+ T cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Johnnidis
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuki Muroyama
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shufei Song
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jesse M Platt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohammed-Alkhatim A Ali
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christelle Harly
- T-Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO 'Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology', Nantes, France
| | - John Attanasio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Paley
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vesselin T Tomov
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- T-Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - F Bradley Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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4
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Sharma G, Ojha R, Noguera-Ortega E, Rebecca VW, Attanasio J, Liu S, Piao S, Lee JJ, Nicastri MC, Harper SL, Ronghe A, Jain V, Winkler JD, Speicher DW, Mastio J, Gimotty PA, Xu X, Wherry EJ, Gabrilovich DI, Amaravadi RK. PPT1 inhibition enhances the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 antibody in melanoma. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133225. [PMID: 32780726 PMCID: PMC7526447 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies are needed to enhance the efficacy of anti–programmed cell death protein antibody (anti–PD-1 Ab) in cancer. Here, we report that inhibiting palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), a target of chloroquine derivatives like hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti–PD-1 Ab in melanoma. The combination resulted in tumor growth impairment and improved survival in mouse models. Genetic suppression of core autophagy genes, but not Ppt1, in cancer cells reduced priming and cytotoxic capacity of primed T cells. Exposure of antigen-primed T cells to macrophage-conditioned medium derived from macrophages treated with PPT1 inhibitors enhanced melanoma-specific killing. Genetic or chemical Ppt1 inhibition resulted in M2 to M1 phenotype switching in macrophages. The combination was associated with a reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor. Ppt1 inhibition by HCQ, or DC661, induced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes/TANK binding kinase 1 pathway activation and the secretion of interferon-β in macrophages, the latter being a key component for augmented T cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Genetic Ppt1 inhibition produced similar findings. These data provide the rationale for this combination in melanoma clinical trials and further investigation in other cancers. Inhibiting palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), a target of CQ derivatives like hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 Ab in murine melanoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rani Ojha
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - John Attanasio
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Penn Institute for Immunology, and
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shengfu Piao
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine
| | | | - Michael C Nicastri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Vaibhav Jain
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey D Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Penn Institute for Immunology, and
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5
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Mayer LS, Orlowski RJ, Giles J, Benci JL, Ellis G, Deng G, Attanasio J, Chen Z, Bengsch B, Kahn O, Manne S, Herati RS, Ngiow S, George SM, Faustman DL, Gilliland G, Mick R, Xu W, McGettigan S, Xu X, Amaravadi RK, Karakousis GC, Schuchter LM, Mitchell TC, Riley JL, Huang AC, Minn A, Tomov V, Wherry EJ. Targeting TNFR2 to overcome acquired adaptive resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.165.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Overcoming acquired adaptive immune resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy is imperative for enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in solid tumors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a prominent role in the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and are major contributors to adaptive immune resistance. Tregs limit CD8+ T cell reinvigoration and are a promising target for combination therapy. While the clinical efficacy of anti-CTLA4 may be partially explained by restriction of Tregs, its co-administration with anti-PD1 causes significant toxicity. Thus, safer approaches to limit Treg activity are needed. To elucidate the dynamic changes in immuno-regulatory circuits within the TME during ICB, we performed deep immune profiling of peripheral blood and tumors from patients with advanced melanoma prior to (n=7) and after 1 cycle of anti-PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab (n=9). Tregs were abundant in the TME and retained their immunosuppressive phenotype and functionality following anti-PD-1. Epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis of Tregs after ICB identified tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling as a possible driver of CD8+ T cell suppression. TNFR2 was preferentially expressed by Tregs in the TME (mean 18.03 %, SD +/− 10.13 %) relative to CD8+ T cells (mean 0.64 %, SD +/− 0.82 %) and peripheral Tregs (mean 3.16 %, SD +/− 3.21 %), suggesting it might be a safe and effective target for combination therapy. Indeed, dual blockade of TNFR2 and PD-1 led to potent CD8+ T cell expansion in two mouse tumor models, and restored sensitivity to ICB in a resistant murine model of melanoma. Our data suggest that anti-TNFR2 might synergize with current ICB by countering the development of adaptive immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sophie Mayer
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania Perelman Sch. of Med
- 2Univ. of Freiburg, Fac. of Med., Germany
| | - Robert J. Orlowski
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania Perelman Sch. of Med
- 3Merck & Co
- 4Univ. of Pennsylvania
| | - Josephine Giles
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania Perelman Sch. of Med
- 4Univ. of Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph L. Benci
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania Perelman Sch. of Med
- 4Univ. of Pennsylvania
- 5Bristol-Myers-Squibb
| | | | | | | | - Zeyu Chen
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania Perelman Sch. of Med
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania Perelman Sch. of Med
- 2Univ. of Freiburg, Fac. of Med., Germany
- 4Univ. of Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Kahn
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 7Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ramin S. Herati
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 7Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Shin Ngiow
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 7Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sangeeth M. George
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Denise L. Faustman
- 9Immunobiology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Gary Gilliland
- 10Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Rosemarie Mick
- 11Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Xu
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 13Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Suzanne McGettigan
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 14Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi K. Amaravadi
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 13Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgos C. Karakousis
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 15Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lynn M. Schuchter
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 13Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Tara C. Mitchell
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 13Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - James L. Riley
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander C. Huang
- 7Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 12Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 13Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Andy Minn
- 7Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 16Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Vesselin Tomov
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 13Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 17Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - E. John Wherry
- 6Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- 7Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania
- 8Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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6
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Khan O, Giles JR, McDonald S, Manne S, Ngiow SF, Patel KP, Werner MT, Huang AC, Alexander KA, Wu JE, Attanasio J, Yan P, George SM, Bengsch B, Staupe RP, Donahue G, Xu W, Amaravadi RK, Xu X, Karakousis GC, Mitchell TC, Schuchter LM, Kaye J, Berger SL, Wherry EJ. TOX transcriptionally and epigenetically programs CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Nature 2019; 571:211-218. [PMID: 31207603 PMCID: PMC6713202 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells in chronic infections and cancer have limited effector function, high co-expression of inhibitory receptors and extensive transcriptional changes compared with effector (Teff) or memory (Tmem) CD8+ T cells. Tex cells are important clinical targets of checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapies. Epigenetically, Tex cells are a distinct immune subset, with a unique chromatin landscape compared with Teff and Tmem cells. However, the mechanisms that govern the transcriptional and epigenetic development of Tex cells remain unknown. Here we identify the HMG-box transcription factor TOX as a central regulator of Tex cells in mice. TOX is largely dispensable for the formation of Teff and Tmem cells, but it is critical for exhaustion: in the absence of TOX, Tex cells do not form. TOX is induced by calcineurin and NFAT2, and operates in a feed-forward loop in which it becomes calcineurin-independent and sustained in Tex cells. Robust expression of TOX therefore results in commitment to Tex cells by translating persistent stimulation into a distinct Tex cell transcriptional and epigenetic developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Arsenal Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sierra McDonald
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kunal P Patel
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Werner
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Attanasio
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Yan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangeeth M George
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ryan P Staupe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tara C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaye
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Costimulatory and inhibitory receptors play a key role in regulating immune responses to infections. Recent translation of knowledge about inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 into the cancer clinic highlights the opportunities to manipulate these pathways to treat human disease. Studies in infectious disease have provided key insights into the specific roles of these pathways and the effects of their manipulation. Here, recent studies are discussed that have addressed how major inhibitory and costimulatory pathways play a role in regulating immune responses during acute and chronic infections. Mechanistic insights from studies of infectious disease provide opportunities to further expand our toolkit to treat cancer and chronic infections in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Attanasio
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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8
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Kurachi M, Kurachi J, Chen Z, Johnson J, Khan O, Bengsch B, Stelekati E, Attanasio J, McLane LM, Tomura M, Ueha S, Wherry EJ. Optimized retroviral transduction of mouse T cells for in vivo assessment of gene function. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1980-1998. [PMID: 28858287 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral (RV) expression of genes of interest (GOIs) is an invaluable tool and has formed the foundation of cellular engineering for adoptive cell therapy in cancer and other diseases. However, monitoring of transduced T cells long term (weeks to months) in vivo remains challenging because of the low frequency and often poor durability of transduced T cells over time when transferred without enrichment. Traditional methods often require additional overnight in vitro culture after transduction. Moreover, in vitro-generated effector CD8+ T cells enriched by sorting often have reduced viability, making it difficult to monitor the fate of transferred cells in vivo. Here, we describe an optimized mouse CD8+ T-cell RV transduction protocol that uses simple and rapid Percoll density centrifugation to enrich RV-susceptible activated CD8+ T cells. Percoll density centrifugation is simple, can be done on the day of transduction, requires minimal time, has low reagent costs and improves cell recovery (up to 60%), as well as the frequency of RV-transduced cells (∼sixfold over several weeks in vivo as compared with traditional methods). We have used this protocol to assess the long-term stability of CD8+ T cells after RV transduction by comparing the durability of T cells transduced with retroviruses expressing each of six commonly used RV reporter genes. Thus, we provide an optimized enrichment and transduction approach that allows long-term in vivo assessment of RV-transduced T cells. The overall procedure from T-cell isolation to RV transduction takes 2 d, and enrichment of activated T cells can be done in 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junko Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Johnson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Attanasio
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura M McLane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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McLane LM, Attanasio J, Huang AC, Wherry EJ. Modulation of the subcellular localization of T-bet and Eomes alters CD8 exhaustion during chronic LCMV infection. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.121.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Following acute viral infection, effector CD8 T-cells (TE) differentiate into long-lived memory cells (TMEM) required for secondary viral clearance. Due to persisting antigen in chronic infection, rather than differentiating into TMEM, TE progressively lose their functional abilities and become exhausted (TEX), expressing high levels of the inhibitory receptor PD1. Differentiation into TE, TMEM, and TEX is driven by transcription factors including T-bet and Eomes. In TMEM, T-bet represses PD1 while Eomes drives memory formation. In PD1+ TEX, T-betand Eomes are also expressed leading to the question of how these factors are able to play differing roles in TMEM and TEX. Using the LCMV infection model, we show that T-bet and Eomes are differentially localized during acute and chronic infection where T-bet is more cytoplasmic and Eomes is more nuclear during chronic Clone 13 infection compared to Armstrong. Additionally, nuclear T-bet in TMEM is associated with low PD1 and nuclear Eomes correlates with high PD1 in TEX. Interestingly, a higher Eomes to T-bet ratio in the nucleus correlates with TEX and blocking PD1 during chronic infection reverses this ratio. We also found that post aPD1-treated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human melanoma patients have more T-bet in the nucleus compared to Eomes. Taken together, these data suggest the subcellular localization of T-bet and Eomes impacts exhaustion: nuclear Eomes is associated with high PD1 and nuclear T-bet correlates with low PD1. Importantly, these data also reveal the ratio of nuclear Eomes to T-bet influences CD8 TMEM and TEX formation and blocking PD1 signaling impacts T-bet and Eomes localization suggesting that dampening its expression might be key to reversing exhaustion.
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10
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Bengsch B, Johnson AL, Kurachi M, Odorizzi PM, Pauken KE, Attanasio J, Stelekati E, McLane LM, Paley MA, Delgoffe GM, Wherry EJ. Bioenergetic Insufficiencies Due to Metabolic Alterations Regulated by the Inhibitory Receptor PD-1 Are an Early Driver of CD8(+) T Cell Exhaustion. Immunity 2016; 45:358-73. [PMID: 27496729 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic reprogramming of metabolism is essential for T cell effector function and memory formation. However, the regulation of metabolism in exhausted CD8(+) T (Tex) cells is poorly understood. We found that during the first week of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, before severe dysfunction develops, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells were already unable to match the bioenergetics of effector T cells generated during acute infection. Suppression of T cell bioenergetics involved restricted glucose uptake and use, despite persisting mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and upregulation of many anabolic pathways. PD-1 regulated early glycolytic and mitochondrial alterations and repressed transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α. Improving bioenergetics by overexpression of PGC-1α enhanced function in developing Tex cells. Therapeutic reinvigoration by anti-PD-L1 reprogrammed metabolism in a subset of Tex cells. These data highlight a key metabolic control event early in exhaustion and suggest that manipulating glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism might enhance checkpoint blockade outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andy L Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Attanasio
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura M McLane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A Paley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Bengsch BR, Johnson AL, Kurachi M, Odorizzi P, Pauken KE, Attanasio J, Wherry EJ. Early onset and persistence of metabolic alterations in exhausted T cells is regulated by PD-1. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.61.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Dynamic reprogramming of metabolism is essential for T cell effector function and formation of memory. However, regulation of cellular metabolism in exhausted T cells in chronic infections and cancer is poorly understood. Here we found that as early as the first week of chronic LCMV infection, before severe T cell dysfunction becomes established, virus-specific CD8 T cells are already unable to match the bioenergetic demands of effector CD8 T cells generated during acutely resolving LCMV infection. Suppression of T cells bioenergetics involves restriction of glucose uptake and utilization, despite the up-regulation of multiple other metabolic pathways. The inhibitory receptor PD-1 controlled the development of this early glycolytic defect as well as mitochondrial mass and quality in the presence of persisting mTOR signaling. The suppression of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism in exhausted T cells persists into established chronic infection. Therapeutic reinvigoration of exhausted T cells by PD-L1 blockade reprogrammed the metabolism of PD-1Int but not the terminal PD-1Hi subset of exhausted T cells. These data highlight a key metabolic control event early in T cell exhaustion that precedes major transcriptional changes. Our findings also suggest that manipulating metabolism in combination with checkpoint blockade may enhance therapeutic outcomes.
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12
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Packman A, Onslow M, Reilly S, Attanasio J, Shenker R. Stuttering and bilingualism. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:248. [PMID: 19234047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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