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Price KD, Simutis F, Fletcher A, Ramaiah L, Srour R, Kozlosky J, Sathish J, Engelhardt J, Capozzi A, Crona J, Newsome C, Wheeler J, Szatkowski D, Thekkumthala A, Wang B, Freebern W, Haggerty H, Bunch T, Graziano M. Abstract LB-B33: Nonclinical safety evaluation of two distinct second generation variants of anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, ipilimumab, in monkeys. Toxicology 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-lb-b33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tirmenstein M, Horvath J, Graziano M, Mangipudy R, Dorr T, Colman K, Zinker B, Kirby M, Cheng PTW, Patrone L, Kozlosky J, Reilly TP, Wang V, Janovitz E. Utilization of the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat Model for Investigating Hypoglycemia-related Toxicities. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:825-37. [PMID: 26085543 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315581020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) catalyzes the initial step in glycolysis and is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis. Therefore, glucokinase activators (GKa) have potential benefit in treating type 2 diabetes. Administration of a Bristol-Myers Squibb GKa (BMS-820132) to healthy euglycemic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and beagle dogs in 1 mo toxicology studies resulted in marked and extended hypoglycemia with associated clinical signs of toxicity and degenerative histopathological changes in the stomach, sciatic nerve, myocardium, and skeletal muscles at exposures comparable to those expected at therapeutic clinical exposures. To investigate whether these adverse effects were secondary to exaggerated pharmacology (prolonged hypoglycemia), BMS-820132 was administered daily to male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats for 1 mo. ZDF rats are markedly hyperglycemic and insulin resistant. BMS-820132 did not induce hypoglycemia, clinical signs of hypoglycemia, or any of the histopathologic adverse effects observed in the 1 mo toxicology studies at exposures that exceeded those observed in SD rats and dogs. This indicates that the toxicity observed in euglycemic animals was secondary to the exaggerated pharmacology of potent GK activation. This study indicates that ZDF rats, with conventional toxicity studies, are a useful disease model for testing antidiabetic agents and determining toxicities that are independent of prolonged hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tirmenstein
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Horvath
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Graziano
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raja Mangipudy
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas Dorr
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Karyn Colman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA Present affiliation: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bradley Zinker
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Discovery Biology, Pennington, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark Kirby
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Discovery Biology, Pennington, New Jersey, USA Present affiliation: Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter T W Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Discovery Chemistry, Pennington, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura Patrone
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Kozlosky
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Timothy P Reilly
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Victor Wang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Evan Janovitz
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Discovery Toxicology, Pennington, New Jersey, USA
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Kozlosky J, Bonventre J, Cooper K. Methyl tert butyl ether is anti-angiogenic in both in vitro and in vivo mammalian model systems. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:820-7. [PMID: 22407988 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a well known gasoline oxygenate, and US Food and Drug Administration approved gallstone treatment, has been previously shown to specifically target teleost embryonic angiogenesis. The studies reported here were to determine whether similar vascular disrupting effects occur in higher vertebrate models. Rat brain endothelial cells were isolated and allowed to form microcapillary-like tubes on Matrigel. MTBE (0.34-34.0 mm) exposure resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of tube formation, with the LOAEL at 0.34 mm, while MTBE's primary metabolite, tertiary butyl alcohol had no effect on tube formation. HUVECs, a primary cell line representing macrovascular cells, were able to form tubes on Matrigel in the presence of MTBE (1.25-80 mm), but the tubes were narrower than those formed in the absence of MTBE. In a mouse Matrigel plug implantation assay, 34.0 mm MTBE completely inhibited vessel invasion into plugs containing endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS) compared with control plugs with ECGS alone. When timed-pregnant Fisher 344 rats were gavaged with MTBE (500-1500 mg kg(-1) ) from day 6 of organogenesis through 10 days post-parturition, no organ toxicity or histological changes in pup vasculature were observed. Results of the in vitro cell culture studies show that MTBE is anti-angiogenic at mm concentrations and has potential use as an anti-angiogenic treatment for solid tumors with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kozlosky
- Environmental Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Chao MW, Kozlosky J, Po IP, Strickland PO, Svoboda KKH, Cooper K, Laumbach RJ, Gordon MK. Diesel exhaust particle exposure causes redistribution of endothelial tube VE-cadherin. Toxicology 2010; 279:73-84. [PMID: 20887764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Whether diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) potentially have a direct effect on capillary endothelia was examined by following the adherens junction component, vascular endothelial cell cadherin (VE-cadherin). This molecule is incorporated into endothelial adherens junctions at the cell surface, where it forms homodimeric associations with adjacent cells and contributes to the barrier function of the vasculature (Dejana et al., 2008; Venkiteswaran et al., 2002; Villasante et al., 2007). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that were pre-formed into capillary-like tube networks in vitro were exposed to DEPs for 24h. After exposure, the integrity of VE-cadherin in adherens junctions was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis, and demonstrated that increasing concentrations of DEPs caused increasing redistribution of VE-cadherin away from the cell-cell junctions toward intracellular locations. Since HUVEC tube networks are three-dimensional structures, whether particles entered the endothelial cells or tubular lumens was also examined. The data indicate that translocation of the particles does occur. The results, obtained in a setting that removes the confounding effects of inflammatory cells or blood components, suggest that if DEPs encounter alveolar capillaries in vivo, they may be able to directly affect the endothelial cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chao
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Zhang H, Patrone L, Kozlosky J, Tomlinson L, Cosma G, Horvath J. Pooled Sample Strategy in Conjunction with High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry-Based Background Subtraction to Identify Toxicological Markers in Dogs Treated with Ibipinabant. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3834-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, and Toxicology and Clinical Pathology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Laura Patrone
- Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, and Toxicology and Clinical Pathology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - John Kozlosky
- Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, and Toxicology and Clinical Pathology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Lindsay Tomlinson
- Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, and Toxicology and Clinical Pathology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Greg Cosma
- Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, and Toxicology and Clinical Pathology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Joseph Horvath
- Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, and Toxicology and Clinical Pathology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
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